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|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<!-- saved from url=(0038)ithkuil-lexicon.htm -->
<HTML><HEAD><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<TITLE>Untitled Document</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY>
<DIV align="center"><FONT color="#999999" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><STRONG>Ithkuil:
A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language</STRONG></FONT><BR>
<IMG src="assets/Title-Script5.gif" width="534" height="46">
<BR>
<BR>
</DIV>
<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="1">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="9%" height="25" valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT size="1"><A name="menu"></A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="27%" valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="index.html" target="_top">Home</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="37%" valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch5a-verbs.html">5a
Verb Morphology </A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="27%" valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch9-syntax.html">9
Syntax</A></FONT></FONT></DIV></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD height="26" valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT size="2"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-intro.html">Introduction</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch5b-verbs-contd.html">5b
Verb Morphology (continued)</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch10-lexicosemantics.html">10
Lexico-Semantics</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD height="26" valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT size="2"></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT size="2"></FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch1-phonology.html">1
Phonology</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch6-moreverbs.html">6
More Verb Morphology</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch11-script.html">11
The Script </A></FONT></FONT></DIV></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD height="26" valign="top"> </TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch2-morphophonology.html">2
Morpho-Phonology</A></FONT><FONT size="2"> </FONT></TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch7a-affixes.html">7a
Using Affixes </A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch12-numbers.html">12
The Number System</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD height="26" valign="top"> </TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT size="2"> </FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch3-morphology.html">3
Basic Morphology</A></FONT></TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch7b-affixes-contd.html">7b
Using Affixes (continued) </A></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="assets/ithkuil-lexicon.html">The
Lexicon</A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD height="26" valign="top"> </TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch4-case.html">4
Case Morphology </A></FONT> </TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch8-adjuncts.html">8
Adjuncts</A></FONT></TD>
<!-- <td valign="top"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="ilaksh/Ilaksh_Intro.html">Revised Ithkuil: <font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">I</font>laksh</a></font></td> -->
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<H2 align="center"> </H2>
<H2 align="center">The Lexicon </H2>
<P align="justify">Currently, the lexicon lists <STRONG>16200</STRONG> stems as derived from <STRONG>900</STRONG> roots (see
Sections <A href="ithkuil-ch2-morphophonology.htm#Sec2o2">2.2</A>, <A href="ithkuil-ch2-morphophonology.htm#Sec2o3">2.3</A>,
and <A href="ithkuil-ch10-lexicosemantics.htm#Sec10o1o1">10.1.1</A> for an explanation
of the structure of individual roots and their 18 stems). This represents only
a random sampling from the 17 different morpho-semantic classes of Ithkuil roots
(see Sec. <A href="ithkuil-ch10-lexicosemantics.htm#Sec10o2">10.2</A> for an explanation
of these classes). Additional roots and their stems will be periodically added
to this list as the author finds time to convert his handwritten notes. The most recently added roots (August 2008) are marked in blue-colored font.</P>
<P>The reader should be aware that the glosses (i.e., the English translations
or definitions) for each of the stems below are at times somewhat arbitrary,
as Ithkuil roots and their stems have been conceptualized from the cognitive
level up, without regard as to whether they correspond necessarily to an existing
word or phrase in English or other languages. As a result, some of the English
glosses chosen as representations for the Ithkuil stems are approximations at
best. This is especially true for verbal glosses, since the translation of an
Ithkuil verbal formative is usually dependent on the specific Conflation, Format
or Derivation (see <A href="ithkuil-ch5a-verbs.htm#Sec5o4">Sec. 5.4</A>).
</P>
<P>Ideally, the best way to represent the meanings of Ithkuil stems would be to
use a semantic “meta-language” comprised of a closed set of semantically
universal (or near-universal) “primitives” to create semantic “formulas”
which define the use of a particular stem. (The design and use of such a meta-language
to translate the meanings of words from one language to another can be found
in the writings of linguist Anna Wierzbicka.) However, the author has chosen
not to pursue such an effort for the sake of time, as such an analysis for all
of the 3600 roots and their 64,800 stems would likely take decades to complete.</P>
<P>In regard to the list below, note that in some cases both a nominal (i.e.,
noun) and verbal gloss have been provided, while in others only one or the other
is present. Nevertheless, the reader should keep in mind at all times that Ithkuil
stems always convey both a nominal and verbal meaning, as explained in detail
in <A href="ithkuil-ch2-morphophonology.htm#Sec2o6o1">Section 2.6.1</A>.</P>
<P> </P>
<P><STRONG>CLASS 1 ROOTS: numerical concepts, quantification, comparison, mathematics
</STRONG> </P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">H-Š ‘WHOLE NUMBER/INTEGER’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. a (whole) number, numeral, digit, integer</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but applied to formal, authoritative, permanent context as per Section 3.7</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. having more than one aspect; multifaceted</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. numerical series/sequence</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. multiply (by)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. divide (by)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. consisting of more than instance; multiple instance(s) of</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. having more than one part; consisting of parts; non-unitary; non-unified</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. exponential/logarithmic progression</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. negative exponential/logarithmic progression</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">L-S ‘ONE/UNITY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. one</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. single entity / single / singular</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. (something) alone/lone/sole</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. (something) isolated / apart / separate</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. (something) unique</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. 9something) independent / self-reliant / self-sufficient</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. unit (in terms of being unduplicated, copied, or their being no other instance/example thereof) </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. unify/unite; unit (in terms of being indivisible)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems in terms of there being no other instance/example thereof</P></TD>
<TD width="185" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems in terms of entity being indivisible</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. alone/lone/sole (in terms of being unduplicated, copied, or their being no other instance/example thereof)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. alone/lone/sole (in terms of being indivisible)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. unique (in terms of being unduplicated, copied, or their being no other instance/example thereof)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. unique (in terms of being indivisible)</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLES OF MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIONS: individual(ity), solitude, lonely, loneliness</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">K-S ‘TWO/DUALITY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. a set of two / a duo; to be two in number</P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL stems for this root have the same meanings as the INFORMAL stems except that they are applied in official, authorized, permanent contexts as described in Section 3.7</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. be/make dual / having 2 uses or aspects / bi- / twofold</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. second one in a sequence; be/make second in a sequence</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. twice the number of something; to double / multiply by two</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. half; halve / divide by or into two</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. two times [= iterations] / twice; to be/make/do twice</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. be of or make into two parts; bifurcate(d)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. to the second power / squared; to square / raise to the second power</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. to the negative second power / inverse square; to divide by the square of</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">N-S ‘SEVEN’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. a set or group of 7 / a septet; to be 7 in number</P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL stems for this root have the same meanings as the INFORMAL stems except that they are applied in official, authorized, permanent contexts as described in Section 3.7</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. be/make seven-faceted / having 7 uses or aspects / septi- / sevenfold</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. seventh one in a sequence; be/make seventh in a sequence</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. 7 times the number of something; to septuple / multiply by 7</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. a seventh / divide by 7 or into 7 parts</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. 7 times [= iterations]; to be/make/do 7 times</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. be of or make into 7 parts; separate(d) into 7 parts</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. to the 7th power; raise to the 7th power</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. to the negative 7th power; to divide by the 7th power of</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>THE ABOVE PATTERN FOR ‘TWO’ AND ‘SEVEN’ APPLIES TO THE REMAINING NUMBER ROOTS AS FOLLOWS:<BR>
Š-S ‘3’<BR>
P-S ‘4’<BR>
Ţ-S ‘5’<BR>
T-S ‘6’<BR>
X-S ‘8’<BR>
F-S ‘9’<BR>
M-S ‘10’<BR>
R-S ‘100’<BR>
Q-S ‘10,000’<BR>
Ç-S ‘100,000,000’<BR>
Ċ-S ‘10 QUADRILLION’<BR>
</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BR>
<STRONG>CLASS 2 ROOTS: intellectual concepts, thought, ideation</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">H-P ‘FACT/KNOW/LEARN/UNDERSTAND/EXPERTISE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. ontological fact; observe/notice an ontological fact</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. study/practice [= formal process to acquire skill or knowledge]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. epistemological/conventionalized fact; know fact</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. realize/understand/comprehension via act of insight</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. experience/proficiency [= know via familiarity]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. understand [= know via sharing/communication of knowledge]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act or faculty of knowing</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the fact itself, the thing known</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act or faculty of study/understanding</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the fact itself, the thing studied or understood </P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>INFORMAL Stem Derivations: find out, discover, determine, wisdom<BR>
FORMAL Stem Derivations: learn, insight, enlightenment, education, school, scholar, student</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">H-T - ‘(CRIMINAL) LAW/ADJUDICATION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. statute, a particular law</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. act of official law enforcement (enforcement authority + manifested act of enforcement/administration)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. applicability of a statute, law to a particular situation or geopolitical area, rule of law</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. jurisdiction/applicability of enforcement powers to particular situation or geopolitical area</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. investigate an alleged violation of law; act of criminal investigation</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. try/adjudicate a criminal complaint, go to trial</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. statement (the wording) of a law or statute</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. application of, or compliance with a law or statute</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. authority to enforce law or statute</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. act/manifestion of enforcing/administering law or statute</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. applicability of a statute or law</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. state of being subject to, or required to obey/ comply w/ a statute or law</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. jurisdiction of law enforcement powers</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. state of being subject to the jurisdiction of a law enforcement entity</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. gather material evidence as part of criminal investigation, e.g., questioning of witnesses, viewing of records, inspecting clues and material evidence</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. act by law enforcement for purposes of criminal identification or apprehension, e.g., interrogation or component of sting-type operation, or legal “trap” set up </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. presentation of evidence in support of alleged crime; prosecution</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. formal weighing of evidence by judge or jury</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological Derivations: code of law, rule of law, rule on an adjudicatory matter, verdict, justice<BR>
SSD Derivatives for Formal Stem 1: obtaining of warrant/authorization to detain, seizure/detention of suspect, interrogation of suspect, gathering of evidence, arrest, detention in jail cell, indictment, preparation of prosecution, incarceration</P>
<P>SSD Derivatives for Informal Stem 3: stake-out/surveillance, reconnaisance, infiltration of mole, component of sting operation, identification of suspect </P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">K-P ‘GOOD/BENEFICIAL’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. good [= beneficial to context]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but applied to concrete, range-of-moment tangible contexts, whereas INFORMAL stems are applied to general, metaphysical contexts.</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. good [= morally right; beneficial metaphysically]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. good [= advantageous/effective]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act, event or situation itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on desired outcome/reward/benefit</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">K-T ‘QUESTION/INQUIRY/ANSWER/RESPONSE’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. question & answer [statement requesting information + the answer/reply/response thereto]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. inquire/inquiry + answer</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. query/investigate [investigative act + discovery made]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. research + findings</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. ponder/introspect [self-questioning + conclusion]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. analyze + results of analysis</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. question [statement requesting information]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. response/reply/answer [information desired or given]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. inquire/inquiry</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. answer [i.e., result of inquiry]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. query</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. answer (to query) [i.e., cause/reason for what is being looked into or investigated]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. research</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. finding(s)/discovery made via research</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. ponder/introspect; to question oneself mentally</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. conclusion [(desired) result of self-analysis]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. analyze</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. conclusion/results of analysis</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological derivations: problem; solution; solve; resolution; resolve; elucidate</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">L-T ‘DEITY / SPIRITUAL ENTITY / SUPERNATURAL ENTITY’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. (a) spirit / supernatural entity</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. angel</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. deity / god / “overseer” spirit</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. God / Supreme Being / Creator deity</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. demon</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. the Devil / Satan </FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to male gender</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to female gender</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to male gender</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to female gender</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-Q ‘REMEMBER/RECALL/MEMORY/RECORD’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. memory; remember (= recall) [whether unwilled/affective or self -willed/voluntary]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. trace/track/vestige</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. retain / retention of something past into present</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. memorial (object/action formally recognizing or acknowledging something/someone past)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. remember [= commit to memory] / memorize </P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. to record / a record</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. a memory itself (i.e., the content thereof)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. faculty of memory/recall (i.e., the process of using one’s memory)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on that which the physical manifestation memorializes or gives evidence/remembrance of</P></TD>
<TD width="185" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on the object/event/physical manifestation itself which conveys the memory or record</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. a memory retained or kept fresh (i.e., the content thereof)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. a memory retained or kept fresh (i.e., the process thereof)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. thing remembered or memorized [=event/act/situation/state, etc. committed to memory]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. process of committing something to memory</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIONS: recollect(ion), remind, memorize, memento, monument, archive, commemorate, commemoration, souvenir/keepsake, relic, to bear in mind, ponder/relish a memory, sear into one’s memory</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">PŠ-K ‘FANTASTIC OR IMAGINARY CREATURE’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. fantastic or imaginary creature/beast</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. mythological/symbolic creature/beast</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. winged fantastic creature/beast</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. legendary being/creature/beast, allegedly real</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. reptilian/saurian fantastic creature/beast</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. alien/extraterrestrial being</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="175" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body or presence of creature/beast itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to the mind, personality, character, or interaction/communication with the creature/beast</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="178" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body or presence of creature/beast itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="192" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to the mind, personality, character, or interaction/communication with the creature/beast</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD Derivatives for Informal Stem 1: <BR>
SSD Derivatives for Informal Stem 2: 5) dragon<BR>
SSD Derivatives for Informal Stem 3:<BR>
SSD Derivatives for Formal Stem 1: centaur, sphinx, satyr, unicorn, chimera, Phoenix, Scylla, Pegasus<BR>
SSD Derivatives for Formal Stem 2: vampyre, werewolf, yeti, </FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">R-K ‘THOUGHT/IDEA/REASON’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. think / cogitate + thought or idea cogitated</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. to reason / use logic + content of reasoning</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. consider + idea considered</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. analyze + object of analysis</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. propose + argument or idea proposed</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. abstract (= to mentally construct) + concept</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. think / cogitate; an act of thinking</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. a thought / an idea</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. to reason / use logic; act of reasoning</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. object of reasoning</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. consider; an act of consideration</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. a thought or idea considered</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. analyze; act of analysis</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. object of analysis</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. propose / posit</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. a proposition or argument</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. to abstract / conceive / conceptualize; act of abstraction or conception</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. concept</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: ponder, deliberate/deliberation, plan, contemplate, theory, hypothesis, deduce/deduction, postulate, infer(ence), judge, conclude/conclusion</P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">S-T ‘MIND’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. mind / mental (faculty + use)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. sentience / capacity for self awareness and self-identity + act of self-reflection</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. perception / awareness (faculty + use)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. conscious + subconscious mind</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. instinct (faculty + practice)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. intellect / wits /mind as efficacious tool</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. mental faculty / mind</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. application of mental faculty; act of mentation / use one’s mind</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. feeling of sentience</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. act of self-reflection</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. faculty of perception or awareness</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. use of perception or awareness; to perceive / be aware of</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. conscious mind</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. subconscious mind</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. instinct</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. instinctual act; to act instinctively</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. intellect; use one’s intellect</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. product of one’s intellect / intellectual feat</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: philosophy, metaphysics</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">ST-K ‘COMPARISON/MEASUREMENT/WEIGH’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. compare/contrast</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. measure</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. discriminate/distinguish</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. discern</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. “weigh”/ponder choice/pro-con analysis</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. relate/collate/determine relationships between</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on act </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on purpose or desired outcome</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on act </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on purpose or outcome</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BR>
<STRONG>CLASS 3 ROOTS: concepts relating to change and causation </STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">H-C ‘WEATHER CONDITION’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. (current) weather condition</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. adverse weather condition</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. amenable weather condition (warm seasons)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. adverse weather condition (warm seasons)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. amenable weather condition (cold seasons)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. adverse weather condition (cold seasons)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to condition itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to effect/impact</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to condition itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to effect/impact</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: climate, the weather, clime<BR>
SSD Derivatives for Informal Stem 2: mild, balmy, sunny, warm, still/calm, gently breezy<BR>
SSD Derivatives for Informal Stem 3: brisk, cool, clear, still/calm, crisp, light snowfall, drizzle<BR>
SSD Derivatives for Formal Stem 2: mugginess, heat, drought, summer rainstorm, summer flood, mud, hurricane/</FONT>cyclone/typhoon<FONT color="#000000">, smog, hot wind<BR>
SSD Derivatives for Formal Stem 3: fog/mist, cloudy/overcast, wind, rain, snow, blizzard, rainstorm, tornado/twister, flood</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">K-C - ‘BAKE/SOMETHING BAKED’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. bake (something); something baked [method + result]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>Same as INFORMAL stems except that context is that of a commercial venture, i.e., food for sale, as in a restaurant or grocery store</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. oven [= environment or primary infrastructure used for baking]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. baking pan [= primary supporting interface for manipulating the food being baked]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. bake; baking (as a cooking method)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. food cooked by baking; something baked</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. oven (as primary baking environment)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. oven (as functional heating/cooking means)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. baking pan (as supporting interface within the oven)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. baking pan (as primary accessory/tool needed for manipulating, removing, shaping the baked food)</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Derivatives: baked goods, bakery, baker<BR>
The following roots follow the same model as the above:<BR>
T-C roast<BR>
P-Ċ toast<BR>
Š-Č fry<BR>
F-C griddle<BR>
T-Ċ smoke<BR>
Ķ-Č sun-dry<BR>
X-C sautee<BR>
TL-Ċ simmer<BR>
T-Č boil<BR>
S-C steam<BR>
ŢL-Ċ parboil<BR>
Č-Č stew<BR>
R-C brew<BR>
KL-Ċ marinade<BR>
Ţ-Č broil<BR>
L-C grill<BR>
PL-Ċ barbecue<BR>
H-Č poach<BR>
N-C pressure-cook<BR>
XL-Ċ slow-cook (e.g., in crockpot, Dutch oven, claypot, Tandoori pot, etc.)<BR>
N-Č flash-fry<BR>
Ļ-C sear<BR>
FL-Ċ non-heat related method of food preparation, e.g., preparing sushi, making a peanut butter sandwich, etc.</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">L- Č ‘BINARY REVERSAL / POLARITY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. switch to opposing or complementary value</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL stems for this root have the same meanings as INFORMAL stems except that they are applied in official, authorized, permanent contexts as described in Sec. 3.7.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. switch or reverse [linear] direction</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. toggle between active/positive or inactive/negative state</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. set to positive, primary, or initial value</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. set to negative, secondary, or complementary value</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. change current course or direction</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. reverse course or direction</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. active / activate / turn on / render active / on / positive state</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. inactive / deactivate / turn off / render inactive / off / negative state</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">M-C TOOL/INSTRUMENT</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. tool, instrument, implement as extension of bodily appendage(s) (e.g., as per force, strength, precision, reach, pressure, instrument as labor-saving or efficiency-increasing means etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. utensil, specialized implement for assisting in refined task</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. tool, instrument as means of “defying nature” (e.g., wheel, wedge, fulcrum, etc.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. mechanical/motorized/electric/electronic implement/device</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. supply-like resource/implement used by itself or in association with specific tool (e.g., nail, tack, clothespin, hook)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. supply-like resource/implement used as fuel or input for mechanical/electrical/electronic implement/device</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to thing itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function/use thereof</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to thing itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function/use thereof</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">Morphological Derivatives: equipment, gear (collection of associated tools/supplies), apparatus, appliance, paraphernalia, machine<BR>
SSD derivatives for Informal Stem 1: awl, pliers, screwdriver, wrench, pick, shovel/spade, chisel, file, stick/pole/bar<BR>
SSD derivatives for Informal Stem 2: wheel, jack, wedge, fulcrum, pulley, sling, lever, gear, spool<BR>
SSD derivatives for Informal Stem 3: nail, tack, clip/fastener, hook, screw, bolt, nut, piece of wire, screwdriver bit/head<BR>
SSD derivatives for Formal Stem 1: anvil, fork, spoon, scissors, vice/clamp, plane, saw, tweezers, puncher<BR>
SSD derivatives for Formal Stem 2: drill, power saw, engine/motor<BR>
SSD derivatives for Formal Stem 3: drill bit, </FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">M-Č ‘SWITCH/ALTERATION BETWEEN MULTI-VALUED SETTINGS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. switch to a different value or setting</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but in reference to permanent, authoritative, formal contexts or to social or analogical contexts</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. veer, change course</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. change to a less active or more active setting; increase or decrease intensity or setting</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. switch to higher/greater value or setting</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. switch to lower/lesser value or setting</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. change to more difficult, dangerous, or unpredictable course</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. change to easier, safer, or more predictable course</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. increase to higher/stronger intensity</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. decrease to lower/weaker intensity</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">P-C ‘GROWTH/CULTIVATION/HUSBANDRY’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. grow; stage of growth</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. stage of plant growth; grow (plant)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. raise; look after; foster; function as guardian</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. till/cultivate/raise crop; stage of cultivation (e.g., etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. nurture / provide requirements for growth; husbandry</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. to garden/specialized act of plant nurturage (e.g., prune, graft, weed, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to act itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to (anticipated) result/effect</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to act itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to (anticipated) result/effect</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">Stems of this root are often used with the MAT suffix<BR>
SSD Derivatives for FORMAL Stem 2: plow, sow, irrigate, fertilize; hoe, reap, pick, dry, store<BR>
SSD Derivatives for FORMAL Stem 3: prune, graft, weed, transplant, thin out<BR>
Morphological Derivatives: shepherd, garden, gardener, field (of crop), crop, harvest, plow/plough, hoe, etc.</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">P-Č ‘LARGE IMPLEMENT FOR COUNTERING GRAVITY’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. ladder [object itself + use]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. winch/windlass</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. stair</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. expandable boom</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. bridge; span</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. derrick</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to thing itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function/use thereof</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to thing itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function/use thereof</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: staircase, stairway</FONT></P>
<P><STRONG> </STRONG></P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">Q-Č ‘PHYSICAL CONTACT’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. physical contact between 2 or more objects [contact + effect]</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P>FORMAL Stems for this root have the same meanings as the INFORMAL stems except that the context is specific to physical contact by one’s “default” appendage(s) for volitional physical contact, i.e., hands/fingers, beak, snout, tongue, pseudopod, tendril, tentacle, etc.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. application of physical pressure/force + effect</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. move or set in motion via physical contact + resulting motion</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems but with focus on physical act of contact</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems but with focus on resulting effect/movement</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE DERIVATIONS FROM THESE STEMS: feel, push, stroke, caress, tap, nudge, hit, strike, slap, punch, shove, press, rub, knock over, fall [due to being pushed], injure [via striking], etc.</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">X-Č - WEAPON</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. hand-held or hand-thrown bladed weapon for cutting or stabbing [object + use] </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. ballistically launched projectile [projectile + use]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. pointed-tipped handheld or propelled weapon for piercing [object + use]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. explosive/incendiary substance/device [substance/device + use]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. blunt force-driven hand-held or propelled weapon [object + use]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. gaseous/chemical/other weapon [substance + use]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. bladed weapon itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. use/function of bladed weapon</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. ballistically launched projectile</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. use/function of ballistically launched projectile</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. pointed-tipped handheld or hand thrown weapon itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. use/function of pointed-tipped handheld or hand thrown weapon </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. explosive/incendiary substance/device</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. use/function of explosive/incendiary substance/device</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. blunt force-driven hand-held or hand-thrown weapon itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. use/function of blunt force-driven hand-held or hand-thrown weapon</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. gaseous/chemical/other weapon</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. use/function of gaseous/chemical/other weapon</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD derivatives for Informal Stem 1: 1) dagger 2) switchblade 3) axe 4) bayonet 5) sword 6) scimitar <BR>
SSD derivatives for Informal Stem 2: arrow, lance, spear, javelin, harpoon<BR>
SSD derivatives for Informal Stem 3: mace, club, hammer, catapult fodder, shot from slingshot. cudgel<BR>
SSD derivatives for Formal Stem 1: bullet, shell, shrapnel, cannonball, shot, rocket, self-propelled missile<BR>
SSD derivatives for Formal Stem 2: bomb, grenade, plastic explosive, firecracker, dynamite stick<BR>
SSD derivatives for Formal Stem 3: gas irritant/poison, poison chemical vapor, liquid irritant/poison, radioactive compound used as weapon</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color="#000000">NOTE: In Ithkuil, guns, catapults, slings and all other firearms or devices for shooting/hurling projectiles utilize Degree 1 of the UTE suffix ('tool/implement for doing X'), as it is not the firearm/shooting device that kills but the projectile shot/fired from it. Thus a gun is a "bullet-implementer". Care must be taken in assigning appropriate noun Cases or verbal Formats to stems associated with ballistic aerial weapons to distinguish the fact that it is the projectile that is the actual "weapon" and not the object it was fired/projected from. This is the good old "shoot bullets" vs. "shoot guns" vs. "shoot bullets from a gun" vs. "shoot him with a gun" vs. "shoot him with bullets from a gun" problem . This which would translate into Ithkuil/Ilaksh as "I bulleted him due to/enabled by a gun" or incorparatively as "I gun-bulleted him" using either the RESULTATIVE Format (literally translating as "I bulleted him as a result of concurrently gun-activating") or the INSTRUMENTATIVE Format (literally translating as "I bulleted him by the enabling means of gun-activating").</FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BR>
<STRONG>CLASS 4 ROOTS: concepts relating to the physical attributes of organic
matter</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">C-M ‘SENSE OF TASTE / THE TASTE OF SOMETHING’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. to taste a taste (taste faculty + flavor tasted)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. to taste for an anticipated/expected flavor</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. tongue/palate (tissue containing taste buds + taste buds themselves)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. instrument/device for detecting flavor + flavor detected</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. imagine a taste (act + the flavor imagined)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. create/manufacture a flavor + flavor created</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. to taste; faculty of taste</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. flavor</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. to taste</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. </FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. tongue/palate (as sensory organs of tasting)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. taste bud</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. instrument for detecting flavor</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. flavor detected via instrument</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. imagine a taste in one’s mind</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. an imagined taste</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. create/manufacture a flavor</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. flavor created</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: tasty, savory, flavorful<BR>
SSD Derivatives: 1) bitter 2) chemical-like taste 3) salty 4) foul/rancid taste 5) sweet 6) sweet & sour 7) sour 8) hot (= spicy) 9) umami</FONT></P>
<P><STRONG> </STRONG></P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">C-Ņ ‘SPECIALIZED VOLITIONAL BODILY SOUNDS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. non-linguistic sound made by mouth (i.e., tongue, teeth, lips)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. consonant</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. non-linguistic sound made from throat or vocal chords</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. vowel</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. sound made by non-oral, non-vocal part of the body</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. phoneme</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to act of producing the sound</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to the sound itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to act of producing the sound</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to the sound itself</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD Derivations from Informal Stem 1: 1) whistle 2) hum 3) “raspberry” 4) hoot/whoop 5) non-avian animal call 6) bird call 7) scream 8) click-sound (i.e., w/ ingressive airstream) 9) non-phonemic consonantal gibberish sound</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD Derivations from Informal Stem 3: 1) slap 2) rubbing sound 3) footfall (--> stomp) 4) snap of fingers 5) finger tap 6) toe/foot tap 7) suction-based sound (e.g., “armpit fart”) 8) knuckle crack 9) other joint cracking</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">Ċ-N ‘IN-LAW/FOSTER RELATIONS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. member of parent/child in-law relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. member of foster family</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. male member of parent/child in-law relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. male member of foster family</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. female member of parent/child in-law relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. female member of foster family</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. parent in-law</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. child in-law</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. foster parent</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. foster child</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. father in-law</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. son in-law</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. foster father</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. foster son</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. mother in-law</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. daughter in-law</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. foster mother</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. foster daughter</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">Ç-M ‘LOWER ORDER LIFE FORM’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. lower-order life form (i.e. non-vertebrate)</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>same as INFORMAL stems but as resource (i.e., food, fuel, material, etc.)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. microbe</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. non-microbial animal</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. bacterium</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. soft-bodied animal (e.g., jellyfish, sponge, slime mold)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. virus</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. exoskeletal animal (e.g., insect, arthropod, crustacean)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. protist</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. endoskeletal animal</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Ç-Ņ ‘HEAR(ING)/SOUND’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. hear a sound; aural faculty + sound heard</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. listen to a (specific) sound / discern aurally a (specific) sound</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. ear (aural organ + physical part of body, i.e., Spanish oído + oreja)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. aural instrument / device for detecting sound waves + sound detected</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. imagine a sound (act + sound)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. create or manufacture an odor + odor created</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. to hear; aural faculty</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. sound</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. listen</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. (selected) sound</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. ear (aural organ)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. ear (body part)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. aural instrument</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. sound detected via aural instrument</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. imagine a sound / hear in one’s mind</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. imagined sound</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. create or manufacture a sound</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. sound created</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: speaker, megaphone, telephone, stereo, microphone, hearing aid</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">F-N ‘COUSIN’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. cousin [male or female]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. step-cousin [male or female]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. male cousin</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. male step-cousin</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. female cousin</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. female step-cousin</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. cousin [male or female – related through one’s mother]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. cousin [male or female – related through one’s father]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. cousin [male or female – related through one’s stepmother]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. cousin [male or female – related through one’s stepfather]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male cousin [related through one’s mother]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male cousin [related through one’s father]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male cousin [related through one’s stepmother]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male cousin [related through one’s stepfather]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female cousin [related through one’s mother]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female cousin [related through one’s father]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female cousin [related through one’s stepmother]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female cousin [related through one’s stepfather]</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FL-Ņ ‘TYPES OF HARD OR NON-LIVING BODILY TISSUES’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. tooth</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. head hair</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. fingernail/toenail/claw</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. whisker / facial hair</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. hard growth of skin (e.g., wart, corn, callus, bunion, scar)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. pubic/armpit hair</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical tissue itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function, purpose, or effect/impact</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical tissue itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function, purpose, or effect/impact</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">mustache, beard, sideburn, bald<BR>
incisor/fang, bicuspid, molar<BR>
wart, corn, callus, bunion, scar</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">H-N ‘NUCLEAR FAMILY MEMBER’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. nuclear family member</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. non-sanguine family member</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. male family member</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. non-sanguine male family member</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. female family member</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. non-sanguine female family member</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. parent</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. child/offspring</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. step-parent</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. step-child</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. father</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. boy child / son</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. step-father</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. step-son</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. mother</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. girl child / daughter</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. step-mother</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. step-daughter</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">KS-Ņ ‘COMPONENT OF BODY’S RESPIRATORY/CARDIO-VASCULATORY SYSTEM</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. heart</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. lung</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. vascular component</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. component of respiratory system</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. (an amount of) blood </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. oxygen</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems </FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD Affix with Informal Stem 1: ventricle, atrium, vein, coronary artery, capillary, <BR>
SSD Affix with Informal Stem 2: blood vessel, vein, artery, capillary, aorta, vena cava<BR>
SSD Affix with Formal Stem 1: bronchus, bronchiolus, alveolar sac<BR>
SSD Affix with Formal Stem 21: nasal cavity, trachea</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">Ķ-Ņ ‘ABDOMEN/THORAX/TORSO/CHEST’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. thorax/torso [both body part and function]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL stems are the same as INFORMAL stems but applied to “mid-section” of a non-animal entity, e.g., a mechanical device, vehicle, plant, etc.</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. abdomen/midsection (lower front half of torso) [both body part and function]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. chest (upper front of torso) [both body part and function)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body part</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>NOTE: Due to the bilateral symmetry of this body part, the above stems are often used in the DUPLEX configuration, the UNIPLEX form referring only to one side of the bodily part or the other.</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">M-Ņ ‘CLASSES OF ANIMAL’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. animal of land or air (i.e., “terroid”)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P>Same as INFORMAL holistic stems but domesticated, tamed, captive, or bred</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. waterlife (i.e., “aquoid”)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. amphibian</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems but domesticable</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems but undomesticable</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above FORMAL stems but as pets or tamed</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above FORMAL stems but as resource (i.e., food, breeding stock, etc.)</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">K-N ‘GENDER’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. gender</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. psycho-sexual identity</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. neuter </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. asexual / psychologically neuter</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. androgynous</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. sexual preference/orientation</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. male (anatomically)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. female (anatomically)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. masculine (psycho-behaviorally)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. feminine (psycho-behaviorally)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sterile (incapable of procreation)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. genderless (neither male nor female anatomically)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. celibate/chaste</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. asexual; devoid of sexual desire</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. androgyne / androgynous (difficultyfor others to determine gender)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. hermophrodite / hermophroditic (anatomically both male & female)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. sexual preference or orientation psychologically</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. sexual orientation in actuality (as manifested)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD Derivatives for Formal Stem 3: homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual, bisexual with preference for heterosexuality, bisexual with preference for homosexuality, homosexual with preference for functioning in male role, homosexual with preference for functioning in female role</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">KL-Ņ ‘BODILY JOINT’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. bodily joint (physical joint + function); to flex joint</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. specialized bodily joint/juncture</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. ball & socket-type bodily joint</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. vertebra</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. standard-type joint</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. wrist/ankle/waist (lateral circular joint type)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to external hard or knob-like external body part </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to internal joint and its function/process</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to external hard or knob-like external body part </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to internal joint and its function/process</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">hip/flex hip, shoulder, flex shoulder<BR>
finger joint, toe joint, knee, elbow<BR>
spinal column; flex spine<BR>
wrist, ankle waist</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">KŞ-Ņ ‘NECK’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. neck (as gestalt entity) [body part + function]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL stems are the same as INFORMAL stems but applied to “neck” of a non-animal entity, e.g., a mechanical device, complex 3-dimensional form, plant, etc.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. neck (as bodily support/swivel point for head) [body part + function</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. neck (as narrowest, most vulnerable body part) [body part + function]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. neck as physical body part</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. neck as functional body part</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. neck as bodily support/swivel point for head</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. neck as functional support/swivel point for head</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. neck as physically narrowest, most vulnerable body part) </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. neck as functionally narrowest, most vulnerable body part</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: nape, throat (i.e., front part of neck)</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">L-M ‘SIBLING’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. sibling</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. step-sibling</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. brother</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. step-brother</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. sister</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. step-sister</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. half-sibling [shared mother]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. half-sibling [shared father]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. step-sibling [stepmother is mother of other sibling]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. step-sibling [stepfather is father of other sibling]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. half-brother [shared mother]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. half-brother [shared father]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. step-brother [stepmother is mother of other sibling]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. step-brother [stepfather is father of other sibling]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. half-sister [shared mother]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. half-sister [shared father]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. step-sister [stepmother is mother of other sibling]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. step-sister [stepfather is father of other sibling]</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">L-N ‘CLASSES OF WATERLIFE’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. skeletal/vertebral waterlife form</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL holistic stems referring to tamed, domesticated, bred, etc. individual</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. exoskeletal/arthropod form</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. soft-bodied waterlife form</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. jellyfish-like lifeform</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. gilled/finned fish</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same INFORMAL complementary stems referring to tamed, pet, domesticated, bred, etc. individual</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. crustacean</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. “non-standard”-shaped fish (e.g., ray, eel, squid, octopus, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. shellfish</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. sea mammal (e.g., whale, seal, walrus, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIONS: fisherman, whale hunter, aquarium, fishery, fish hatchery</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">Ļ-Ņ ‘CLASSES OF LAND/AIR ANIMAL’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. mammal</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems referring to domesticated, tamed, bred, pet, etc. individual</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. non-mammalian, non-avian, non-reptilian animal, i.e., insect/arthropod/arachnid/worm/mollusk</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. avian or reptilian lifeform</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. insect</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. mollusc</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. worm</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. bird</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. arthropod/arachnid</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. reptile</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">M-L ‘TRAGICOMIC-BASED VOCAL/FACIAL GESTURE’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. mouth gesture</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but referring to deliberate (i.e., volitional) gestures/vocalizations (INFORMAL stems are affective/non-volitional)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. vocalization</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. facial expression</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. smile</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. frown</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. laugh</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. whine, moan</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. “light up” (referring to one’s face’)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. crestfallen look, look of dejection</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD DERIVATIONS: scowl</FONT></P>
<P><A name="foodplant" id="foodplant"></A></P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">N-N ‘FOOD PLANT’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. plant grown/harvested/cultured as food source</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. food dish/serving derived from plant</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. vegetable</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. food dish/serving derived from vegetable</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. fruit</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. food dish/serving derived from fruit</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to plant itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to edible part of plant or plant in edible condition following any necessary processing</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to serving/dish itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to consumption/ingestion of the dish</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD Derivatives for INFORMAL stems: stem, leaf, seed/nut, pod/fruit, flower, juice, sap, rhizome, root/tuber<BR>
SSD Derivatives for FORMAL stems: soup, stew, salad, sauteed, deep-fried, boiled, steamed, baked, fancy/other style of preparation</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-M ‘SMELL/ODOR’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. to smell (= use olfactory sense) + odor smelled</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. examine or inspect via smelling + odor smelled</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. nose (olfactory organ + facial proboscis)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. device used to detect presence of odor or gas / olfactory instrument + odor detected</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. imagine a smell (act + imagined odor)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. create or manufacture an odor + odor created</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. to smell (= use olfactory sense)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. an odor, a smell; to give off an odor</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. examine or inspect via smelling</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. odor detected via inspection or examination</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. nose (= olfactory organ)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. nose (= facial proboscis)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. device used to detect presence of odor or gas / olfactory instrument</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. odor detected via olfactory instrument</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. imagine an odor</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. an imagined odor</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. create or manufacture an odor</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. manufactured odor</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: sniff, aroma, “bouquet”, perfume, stench</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">P-Ņ ‘STATE OF HEALTH/ILLNESS/WELL-BEING’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. state of physical health / physical well-being</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. state of mental health / mental well-being</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. physical illness; sick(ness)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. mental illness</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. physical injury/wound/lesion/trauma</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. mental trauma</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on effect</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on cause</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on effect</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on cause</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD affix used with Stem 2 of both INFORMAL and FORMAL stem in conjunction w/ the AGC2/7 affix give: 1) nurse 2) emergency technician 3) therapist 4) caregiver 5) doctor 6) surgeon 7) healer 8) “medicine man” 9) medical assistant<BR>
Derivations: madness, craziness, insanity</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">PL-Ņ ‘THROAT (interior tract of neck)/GULLET’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. throat (= interior respiratory/digestive tract of neck)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL stems are the same as INFORMAL stems but applied to “throat/gullet” of a non-animal entity, e.g., a mechanical device, complex 3-dimensional form, plant, etc.</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. gullet (= tube- or trumpet-shaped digestive conduit from oral cavity)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. interior chamber of throat (containing pharynx, larynx, plus epiglottal and glottal structures)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body part</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD derivatives: pharynx, larynx, syrinx, epiglottis, glottis, trachea/windpipe, vocal fold/chord, hyoid bone / “Adam’s apple”</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">PS-Ņ ‘GASTRO-INTESTINAL/UROLOGICAL COMPONENT’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. gastrointestinal component (body part + function)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. urological component (body part + function)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. gastrointestinal process / digestive process / digest(ion) (physical process + nutritive function</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. urological process (physical process + waste elimination function)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. (amount/piece of) feces, dung, excrement</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. (an amount of) urine, piss, pee</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body part/process itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body part itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: gastrointestinal tract<BR>
SSD Affix with Informal Stem 1: esophagus, stomach, guts/viscera/intestine, jejenum, ilium, colon, rectum, small intestine/bowel, anus<BR>
SSD Affix with Formal Stem 1: kidney, ureter, adrenal gland, bladder, urethra</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">PŞ-Ņ ‘PREGNANCY/GESTATION’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. pregnancy/gestation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but referring exclusively to human pregnancy/gestation</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. manifestation of morning sickness</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. contraction during labor</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical condition/state<BR>
</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to psycho-physiological effect/impact</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR> </TR>
<TR> </TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">Morphological Derivatives: conception, labor, birth/delivery</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Q-M ‘HIGHER ORDER ANIMAL LIFE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. higher order being (i.e., large bilateral vertebrate with discrete organs)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. authorized or officially designated person or animal/beast</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. human, person</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. official, authorized person</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. non-human higher order being or animal, beast</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. pet or zoo animal/beast</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. male higher order being</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. female higher order being</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. authorized male animal/ or officially designated man or beast</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. authorized or officially designated woman or female animal/ beast</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. human male, man</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. human female, woman</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. official, authorized man</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. official, authorized woman</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. male higher order animal or beast</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female higher order animal or beast</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. male pet or zoo animal/beast</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female pet or zoo animal/beast</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: boy, girl, child [developmentally, not as offspring], population, group of people, crowd, mob, assembly, people, masses, elder, crone, adult, youth, adulthood, fetus, adolescent, zoo<BR>
</P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">R-N DÈ- ‘HAND’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. hand (as gestalt entity) [both physical body part and function]</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL stems are the same as INFORMAL stems but applied to “hand” of a non-animal entity, e.g., a mechanical device, vehicle, plant, etc.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. hand (as holder, grasper, striker) [both physical body part and function]; to grasp-->hold</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. leg (as manipulator, handler, feeler) [both physical body part and function]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. hand as physical body part</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. function of hand as “feeler”- focuser of body’s tactile sense</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. hand as main tool of body</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. function of hand as holder/grasper</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. hand as limb/extension</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. function of hand as manipulator/handler</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD derivatives: 1) fist 2) palm 3) knuckle 4) hand as flat “blade”, e.g., for karate chop 5) finger 6) thumb 7) “butt” of hand [=lower part of palm] 8) fingernail 9) bottom side of fist [as when pounding fist onto table; for individual fingers, use following affixes + SSD/5 for ‘finger’: index = “main finger” or “first finger”, middle finger = “mid-finger” or “long finger” or “2nd finger”, ring finger = “3rd finger”, pinkie = 4th finger or small(est) finger</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">R-Ņ ‘COLLATERAL FAMILY MEMBER/RELATIVE’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. paternal collateral relative</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. maternal collateral relative</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. paternal male collateral relative</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. maternal male collateral relative</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. paternal female collateral relative</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. maternal female collateral relative</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. paternal aunt/uncle</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. paternal aunt/uncle</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. maternal nephew/neice</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. maternal aunt/uncle</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. paternal uncle</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. paternal uncle</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. maternal nephew</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. maternal uncle</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. paternal aunt</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. paternal aunt</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. maternal neice</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. maternal aunt</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">R-M ‘NUTRITION / NUTRITIONAL CONSUMPTION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. food and drink; to eat and drink</P></TD>
<TD width="372" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. eat a serving of food or drink; to dine</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. food; to eat</P></TD>
<TD width="372" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. prepared/cooked food; to eat prepared food</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. drink (i.e., substance drunk); to drink</P></TD>
<TD width="372" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. processed drink or spirits; to drink processed drink or spirits</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. eat and drink as biological process</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. food and drink (substances consumed)</P></TD>
<TD width="151" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P>same as abvoe 3 stems but with focus on the process of consumption</P></TD>
<TD width="221" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems but with focus on the items consumed</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. eat/ingest/consume</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. item of solid food</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. drink/imbibe</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. liquid (to be) drunk</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: cooking, meal, repast, feast, become drunk, gorge(d); chef, cook, brewer</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">Ŗ-N ‘CLASSES OF MAMMAL’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. marsupial</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems referring to tamed, domesticated, pet, bred, etc. individual</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. egg-laying mammal, ovoviviparous mammal</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. placental mammal</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to male</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to female</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><DIV align="center">Ŗ-Ņ - ‘INFIRMITY/PHYSICAL DISABILITY’ </DIV></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. general weakness/infirmity (e.g., age-related or illness-related)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. acute infirmity, attack, flare-up</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. specific physical disability or abnormality; disabled</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. injury; injure(d)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. lame, crippled, handicapped, impaired (permanently or chronically) </P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. impaired; decreased mobility (temporary)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on underlying condition itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on physical effect, impact, symptoms, manifestation</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on underlying condition itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on physical effect, impact, symptoms, manifestation</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">S-M ‘LEG’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. leg (as gestalt entity) [both physical body part and function]</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL stems are the same as INFORMAL stems but applied to “arm” of a non-animal entity, e.g., a mechanical device, vehicle, plant, etc.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. leg (as support) [both physical body part and function]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. leg (as ambulator, extension, limb) [both physical body part and function]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. leg as physical body part</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. leg as manipulating body part (e.g., for kicking, stomping)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. leg as or balancing appendage for body</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. leg as support against gravity</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. leg as limb/extension</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. leg as ambulatory organ</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SIMILAR PATTERNS EXIST FOR: <BR>
Ņ-N ‘TAIL’<BR>
K-Ņ ‘FOOT’ --> <FONT color="#000000">SSD Derivatives: heel, ball of foot, upper side of foot, arch, plantar fascia, achilles tendon</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">S-N ‘PLANT TYPES’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. branched/leaved plant including its fruit or flower</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>same as FORMAL stems but as resource (i.e., food, fuel, material, etc.) </P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. grass-like or stalked plant including its seed or grain</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. moss-like or fungal plant or mold including its spore or cyst</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. branched/leaved plant</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. flower, fruit, or blossom of branched/leaved plant</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. grass-like or stalked plant</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. seed, grain, or kernel of grass-like or stalked plant</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. moss-like or fungal plant or mold</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. spore or cyst of moss-like or fungal plant or mold</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD for Stem 2: 1) grass 2) ground-covering plant 3) clover 4) weed 5) wildgrass<BR>
SSD for Stem 3: 1) lichen 2) mushroom 3) mold 4) slime mold 5) moss 6) non-mushroom fungus</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">S-Ņ ‘RESPIRATORY PAROXYSM’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. affective (i.e., unwilled) cough [act + sound]</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL Stems for this root have the same meanings as INFORMAL stems except that the act/sound is deliberate (i.e., volitional)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. affective (i.e., unwilled) sneeze [act + sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. affective (i.e., unwilled) hiccough [act + sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. affective (i.e., unwilled) cough [act]</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. affective (i.e., unwilled) cough [sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. affective (i.e., unwilled) sneeze [act]</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. affective (i.e., unwilled) sneeze [sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. affective (i.e., unwilled) hiccough [act]</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. affective (i.e., unwilled) hiccough [sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological derivations: clear throat, harrumph, hacking cough, cough up</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">SX-M ‘MOUTH/ORAL’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. mouth [= oral orifice]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL Stems but for non-animal entity or figuratively</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. lip [use of DPX = lips]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. interior of mouth/oral cavity</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on bodily location/physical aspect</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on purpose, use, function</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">Ş-Ņ ‘BODY PART’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. body part/component (e.g., appendage, section, organ, gland, tissue, fluid, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. bodily tissue/flesh/sinew</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. bodily organ</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. secondary organ/gland</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. bone</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. bodily fluid/secretion</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body part itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body part itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: body, corpse<BR>
SSD Affix with Informal Stem 3: 1) spine 2) rib 3) skull 4) limb bone (tibia, femur, ulna, etc.) 5) bone of hand/foot 6) “shield” bone (e.g., patella, shoulder blade) 7) hipbone <BR>
SSD Affix with Formal Stem 1: 1) membrane 2) tendon 3) ligament 4) nerve 5) muscle 6) skin/integument 7) sphincter/valve 8) marrow 9) fat/gristle<BR>
SSD Affix with Formal Stem 2: 1) gonad 2) esophagus 3) adrenal gland 4) bowel/intestine 5) brain 6) lung 7) kidne</FONT>y 8) pancreas 9) liver<FONT color="#000000"><BR>
SSD Affix with Formal Stem 3: 1) tear 2) bile 3) semen 4) pus 5) blood 6) mucus/mucal secretion 7) saliva 8) lymph 9) sweat/perspiration</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">Š-N ‘NON-SANGUINE RELATION’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. member of godparent-godchild relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. adoptive family member</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. male member of godparent-godchild relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. male adoptive family member</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. female member of godparent-godchild relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. female adoptive family member</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. godparent</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. godchild</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. adoptive parent</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. adopted child</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. godfather</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. godson</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. adoptive father</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. adopted son</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. godmother</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. goddaughter</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. adoptive mother</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. adopted daughter</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Š-Ņ ‘SOIL/GROUND/DIRT (MIXED ORGANIC + MINERAL)’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. dirt/ground/soil [=substance + function as substrate/firmament]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. peat</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. mud</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. dirt(y)/filth(y) [= soiled, unclean]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. ground cover [organic-based, e.g., carpet of leaves]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. mulch/compost/fertilizer</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to substance itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to function as substrate/firmament</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to substance itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to function as substrate/firmament</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">T-M ‘BREATHE/RESPIRATION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. respire/inhale or exhale; a breath</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. inflate (w/ air)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. yawn</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. blow (passage of air under pressure through narrow opening)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. pump (by air)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. suck/suckle/siphon</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to gaseous compound itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to effect/impact</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems </P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: breathe, pant, gasp, suffocate, suffocation, asphyxiate, asphyxiation, drown</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">T-N ‘ALIVE/LIVING THING/LIVING BEING’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. living thing; be alive / to live</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. domesticated or civilized being</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. [wild] animal (all orders)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. domesticated animal</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. [wild] plant (all orders)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. cultivated plant</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. male being</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. female being</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. domesticated or civilized male being</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. domesticated or civilized female being</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male [wild] animal</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. female [wild] animal</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male [domesticated] animal</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. female [domesticated] animal</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. male [wild] plant</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female [wild] plant</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. male [cultivated] plant</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female [cultivated] plant</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: life, vegetation, flora, fauna, wildlife; farm, farmer, breeder, livestock</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">T-Ņ ‘PLEASURE- or PAIN-BASED VOCALIZATION’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. sigh (affective/non-volitional)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but referring to deliberate (i.e., volitional) vocalizations</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. squeal/groan/moan (affective/non-volitional)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. gasp (affective/non-volitional)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems as triggered by physical or mental pleasure or satisfaction</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems as triggered by physical or mental distress, pain, torment, or dissatisfaction</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD DERIVATIONS: cry, sob, howl, whimper, murmur<BR>
OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIONS: weep</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">TL-Ņ ‘COMPONENT OF NERVOUS SYSTEM’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. component of CNS</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. brain</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. CNS- eurological process</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. spinal cord</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. component of peripheral nervous system</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. nerve</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems </FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">sympathetic nerve, parasympathetic nerve, vegus nerve<BR>
neuron, neuron firing, synapse, synaptic uptake, axon, dendrite, glial cell, blood-brain barrier</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">Ţ-N ‘HEAD’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. head (as gestalt entity) [both physical body part and function]</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL stems are the same as INFORMAL stems but applied to “arm” of a non-animal entity, e.g., a mechanical device, vehicle, plant, etc.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. head (as seat of brain/mind) [both body part and function]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. head (as entity’s primary “interface” area of body)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. head as physical body part</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. head as functional body part</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. head as physical seat of brain/mind</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. head as functional seat of brain/mind</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. head as “top” or “forward” part or “access” point</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. head as vital seat of identity</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD Derivatives = parts of head 1) cheek 2) chin 3) upper lip [plane between mouth and nose] 4) forehead 5) temple 6) crown of head 6) occipital area [back of head] 7) socket area around eye 8) upper part of back of head 9) cheekbone</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">ŢL-Ņ ‘MISCELLANEOUS BODY PARTS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. buttock</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. haunch</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. breast/teat</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. snout/proboscis</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. navel</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. fin</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body part itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function, purpose or impact/effect</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body part itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function, purpose or impact/effect</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">X-M ‘ARM’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. arm (as gestalt entity) [both physical body part and function]</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL stems are the same as INFORMAL stems but applied to “arm” of a non-animal entity, e.g., a mechanical device, vehicle, plant, etc.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. arm (as holder, support, carrier) [both body part and function]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. arm (as protective extension of body) [both body part and function]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. arm as single body part</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. arm as reacher or manipulator</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. arm as limb (focus on part/whole relation to body)</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. arm as holder/carrier</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. arm as extension of body</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. arm as natural protective/defensive implement of body</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">X-N ‘VISION/SIGHT’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. to sight (see + thing seen); sight</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. observe / visually examine + thing seen</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. eye (functional organ + visible facial feature)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. optical instrument + image</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. visualize / imagine / picture a visual image in one’s mind + image</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. create image / render an image</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. see</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. a sight / image; to project an image</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. visually examine / observe</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. thing observed / visual evidence</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. eye (functional organ)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. eye (visible facial feature)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. optical instrument</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. thing observed via optical instrument</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. visualize / envision; act of visualization</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. an image / a vision (in one’s mind)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. create image</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. image created</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: look (at), view, glimpse, glance, ogle, gawk, stare, spy, espy, peep, voyeur, panorama, scrutinize (visually), camera, telescope, microscope, binoculars, magnifying glass, lens, glasses</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">X-Ņ ‘BACK/DORSAL AREA OF BODY’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. back/dorsal area (both body part and function)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL stems are the same as INFORMAL stems but applied to the dorsal area of a non-animal entity, e.g., a mechanical device, vehicle, plant, etc.</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. lower back/dorsal area (both body part and function)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. upper back & shoulder blade area</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body part</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to function</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">NOTE: Due to the bilateral symmetry of this body part, the above stems are often used in the DUPLEX configuration, the UNIPLEX form referring only to one side of the bodily part or the other.</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">XL-M ‘SENSE/SENSATION’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. sense/sensation, “feel” / “feeling” [faculty/act of sensing + sensation itself]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. examine via the senses [both act and result/outcome]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sensor / sensory organ [function + sensor itself]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sensor(y) device/instrument [both use and device itself]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. imagine a sensation or feeling / imagined sensation or feeling [faculty/act of sensing + sensation itself]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. create/induce a sensory experience [both act and result/outcome]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. to sense / act of sensing</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. a sensation, a feeling</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. examine via the senses [the act thereof]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. resulting evidence of senses</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sense faculty/ability</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sensor(y) organ</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sensor(y) device/instrument [the use thereof]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sensor(y) device or instrument [the device/instrument itself]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. imagine a sensation/feeling</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. a mentally imagined sensation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. create a sensory experience or feeling [the act thereof]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. sensation/feeling as externally created/induced</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">XL-Ņ ‘DEGREE OF BODILY SLENDERNESS/FATNESS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. degree of slenderness/fatness</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as INFORMAL stems except that degree of particular quality/property is unusual, abnormal, unexpected, or has been changed from expected norm</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. decrease in degree of slenderness/fatness; lose weight; become thin(ner); slenderize </FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. increase in degree of slenderness/fatness; gain weight; become fat(ter); fatten up</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring specifically to physical size/girth/volume</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to psycho-physiological effect/impact</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">The stems of this root are commonly used with the SUF, EXD, FLC, PTW and Intensity affixes. <BR>
MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: skinny, rail-thin, obese, plump</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x + cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG>-M - ‘DISEASE/DISORDER/MALADY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. chronic systemic illness/condition/ailment; to suffer from</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. acute abnormal/unhealthy condition/illness/malady/ailment; “come down with”</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. chronic illness/condition/ailment – infectious in origin; to suffer from a chronic infectious illness</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. infection; infect(ed), to “catch” a disease</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. chronic illness/condition/ailment – ideopathic, genetic/neoplastic, or unknown origin</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. acute illness/condition/ailment – ideopathic, genetic/neoplastic, or unknown origin</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on underlying condition itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on physical effect, impact, symptoms, manifestation</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on underlying condition itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on physical effect, impact, symptoms, manifestation</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>The following roots follow the same pattern as the above:<BR>
PS-M neurological<BR>
PL-M neuro-muscular/myalgic disorder <BR>
PŞ-M cardio-vascular disorder <BR>
KL-M peripheral nervous system disorder<BR>
KŠ-M pulmonary disorder<BR>
KŞ-M non-malignant tumorous/neoplastic disorder; non-cancerous growth <BR>
ŠL-N malignant tumorous /neoplastic disorder; cancer SSD derivatives:<BR>
TL-M genetic disorder <BR>
ŢL-M musculo-skeletal disorder <BR>
ŠL-M lower gastro-intestinal disorder; bowel problem <BR>
PŠ-M upper gastric disorder; throat/mouth disorder <BR>
SL-N mid gastric disorder; stomach/esophagal disorder <BR>
KS-N ocular/eye disorder <BR>
PS-N nasal disorder <BR>
PŠ-N mid/inner ear disorder; hearing problem <BR>
PŞ-N topical skin disorder <BR>
KL-N invasive skin disorder <BR>
KŠ-N auto-immune condition <BR>
KŞ-N blood/hematological disorder <BR>
PL-N glandular/endocrine disorder <BR>
TL-N liver disorder — SSD derivatives:<BR>
ŢL-N cellular/metabolic disorder — SSD derivative: 1) diabetes (Type 2 only)<BR>
XL-N inflammatory disorder<BR>
SL-M degenerative tissue disorder<BR>
FL-N physical brain disorder (i.e., discernible lesion) — SSD Derivatives: general dementia, multi-infarct dementia, stroke <BR>
ŞL- M mental disorder (i.e., no discernible lesion) — SSD Derivatives: 1) schizo-affective 2) sociopathic condition 3) schizophrenia 4) personality disorder 5) depression 6) dissociative disorder 7) manic condition, mania 8) unknown disorder 9) bipolar condition<BR>
ŞL- N spinal condition or disorder<BR>
FL-M back pain disorder (neuro-muscular, not spinal)</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x + cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom"></FONT>-<FONT size="-1">Ņ</FONT></STRONG> ‘GASTRONOMIC PAROXYSM’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. affective (i.e., unwilled) burp/belch [act + sound]</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL Stems for this root have the same meanings as INFORMAL stems except that the act/sound is deliberate (i.e., volitional)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. affective (i.e., unwilled) vomiting [act + sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. affective (i.e., unwilled) fart [act + sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="184" valign="top"><P>1. affective (i.e., unwilled) burp/belch [act]</P></TD>
<TD width="184" valign="top"><P>1. affective (i.e., unwilled) burp/belch [sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="184" valign="top"><P>2. affective (i.e., unwilled) vomiting [act]</P></TD>
<TD width="184" valign="top"><P>2. affective (i.e., unwilled) vomiting [sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="184" valign="top"><P>3. affective (i.e., unwilled) fart [act]</P></TD>
<TD width="184" valign="top"><P>3. affective (i.e., unwilled) fart [sound]</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG><BR>
CLASS 5 ROOTS: concepts relating to communication, learning and language</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">K-L ‘SPEAK/VOICE/ORAL SOUND/INTERPRETATION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. vocal utterance / oral sound; utter</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. meaning or interpretation of vocal utterance; to mean or signify</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. talk / speak / spoken utterance [parole]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. meaning or interpretation of word; to mean or signify</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. rhetorical utterance / express [langue]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. meaning or interpretation of sentence or phrase; to mean or signify</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to physical production of sound</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to communication/conveying of content</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to objective meaning, signification or denotation</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to subjective interpretation, connotation or “impact”</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: voice, (a) language, linguistic(s), yell, shout, cry, bark/meow/bleat/neigh, etc., [vocal] message, account, recount, story, tell, eloquence, glib(ness), smooth-talk, rhetoric, speech, dialect, slang</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">KŠ-L ‘FOOL/CLOWN’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. fool(ish); dupe</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. town fool, village idiot</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. buffoon, laughingstock</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. clown</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. nerd, dweeb</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. jester</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems in non-serious context of “in fun” or “for laughs”</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems in poignant, sorrowful, pathetic context</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems in context of entertainment</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems in context of parody or as a foil for society</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Ķ-R - ‘DESCRIPTION/ACCOUNT/STORY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. description/account; to describe, to informally communicate an account of something [process + contents]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. narrative story; communicate a story [process + contents]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. relate/report/recount = communication from memory or observations [process + contents]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. recitation; recite (=communicate/describe from record or based on memorization) [process + contents]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. historical narrative / historical account [work itself + contents]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. fictional narrative / fictional story [work itself + contents]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the process of describing/communi-cating</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to content thereof</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the process of describing/communi-cating</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to content thereof</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-L - ‘SIGN/MARK/SYMBOL/VISUAL MEANS OF INDICATION/REPRESENTATION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. sign, signal, gesture, indication (= general indication, not 2-D planar surface bearing graphic/written communication) </P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. mark, token, single graphic representation</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. track, print, trail (=naturally produced bodily trace)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. symbol, emblem, device, insignia</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. identifying characteristic or trait</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. formal representation</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the indicator/sign itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to content/meaning thereof</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the indicator/sign itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to content/meaning thereof</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">T-L ‘WRITE/INSCRIBE/DOCUMENT’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. inscribe [= make written symbol]; written symbol</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. written record / thing containing writing</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. write message; written content</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. document</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. “write” [= compose via writing] / to author</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. a writing / a written work</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to physical act of inscription</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to communication/conveying of content</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>ame as above 3 stems referring to the physical document</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the content</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: book, treatise, manuscript, author, archive</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">T-R ‘NAME/DESIGNATION/TITLE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. name + referent; to be named, to be called</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. title + referent</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. designation/reference + referent; refer to as</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. formal designation + referent</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. label / nickname + referent; to go by</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. role</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems but with focus on the reference</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems but with focus on the referent</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems but with focus on the reference</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems but with focus on the referent</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><A name="gas"></A><BR>
<STRONG>CLASS 6 ROOTS: concepts relating to the physical attributes of matter
in general</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">H-Ġ ‘GAS / FLUME’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. cloud/flume of gas/vapor + gas/vapor itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. Same as INFORMAL Stem No. 1 but referring to substance in an abnormal solid or liquid state</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. cloud/flume of gas as derived from other substance + the derived gas itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. thing/object composed of gas + its function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. source of a gas</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. status of substance/compound as being or not being in a gaseous state</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. cloud/flume of a gas or vapor</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. gas/vapor itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. substance in an abnormal solid (i.e., frozen) state</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. substance in an abnormal liquid state </FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. cloud/flume of gas as derived from other substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. the derived gas itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. thing created, molded or manufactured from a gas</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. function/purpose of thing created, molded or manufactured from a gas</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. natural source of a gas</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. derived or artificially created source of gas</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. gaseous/vapor state </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. semi-gaseous state (combination or gaseous + non-gaseous state, e.g., as w/ CO2 vapor rising from dry ice)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">L-B DIMENSIONAL/SPATIO-TEMPORAL RELATIONS</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. degree of (static) dimensional property (e.g., short/long)</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P>same as INFORMAL stems but in reference to an applied contextual gestalt (e.g., the vicinity, the depths, the expanse, the interregnum, the surroundings, the perimeter, etc.)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. dynamic decrease in degree of dimensional property (e.g., shorten/ing)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. dynamic increase in degree of dimensional property (e.g., lengthen/ing)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems applied to spatial context</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems applied to temporal context</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>The stems of this root are commonly used with the SUF, EXD, FLC, PTW and Intensity affixes. <BR>
THE PATTERN FOR THIS ROOT IS APPLIED TO ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ROOTS:<BR>
T-B ‘PROXIMITY/DISTANCE’<BR>
K-B ‘LENGTH’<BR>
Ķ-B ‘WIDTH (= “SLENDERNESS”)’<BR>
Q-B ‘GIRTH (= 2-DIMENSIONAL X-PLANAR DIMENSION)’<BR>
P-B ‘AMPLITUDE (= 2-DIMENSIONAL Z-PLANAR DIMENSION)’<BR>
C-B ‘ “REACH” (= 2-DIMENSIONAL Y-PLANAR DIMENSION)’<BR>
Č-B ‘DEPTH’<BR>
Ċ-B ‘INTERVAL/GAP’<BR>
Ç-B ‘VOLUME (= 3-DIMENSIONAL SIZE)’<BR>
Ņ-B ‘SHARPNESS/DULLNESS OF A POINT’<BR>
M-B ‘SHARPNESS/DULLNESS OF AN EDGE’ <BR>
<FONT color="#000000">ST-B ‘SPEED/VELOCITY/ACCELERATION’</FONT><BR>
Ŗ-B ‘HEIGHT (= “TALLNESS” – RELATTIVE TO GRAVITY)<BR>
H-B ‘FLATNESS/LEVELNESS (RELATIVE TO GRAVITY)’<BR>
KS-B ‘PERIPHERY/CIRCLE/RING’<BR>
PL-B ‘CONVEXITY/ROTUNDITY’<BR>
KŢ-B CONCAVITY/DEPRESSION<BR>
S-B ‘PERPENDICULARITY/UPRIGHTNESS’<BR>
Š-B ‘PLANARITY/FLATNESS RELATIVE TO OBJECT ITSELF’<BR>
Ş-B ‘STRAIGHTNESS/LINEARITY RELATIVE TO OBJECT ITSELF’<BR>
<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x + cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG>-<FONT size="-1">B</FONT> ‘SPHERICALNESS/ROUNDNESS’<BR>
KL-B ‘ “EVEN” (= SMOOTH-SURFACED IN PLANAR CONTEXT)’<BR>
TL-B ‘ “EVEN” (= SMOOTH-EDGED IN LINEAR CONTEXT)’<BR>
XL-B ‘RECTILINEAR/POLYHEDRAL/STRAIGHT-ANGLED’<BR>
Ļ-B ‘ELASTICITY / STRETCH CAPACITY’</P>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: big/large, small/little, shrink, expand, grow, diminish, huge, immense, tiny, enormous, shallow</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">SX-B ‘QUALITY OR PROPERTY OF MATTER’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. degree of quality/property of matter</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as INFORMAL stems except that degree of particular quality/property is unusual, abnormal, unexpected, or has been changed from expected norm</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. decrease in degree of quality/property of matter</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. increase in degree of quality/property of matter</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to organic-based substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to non-organic or synthetic substance</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>The stems of this root are commonly used with the SUF, EXD, FLC, PTW and Intensity affixes. <BR>
<FONT color="#000000">PS-B ‘THICKNESS (= VISCOSITY/RUNNINESS)<BR>
KŠ-B ‘TENSENESS (= STRAIN)’<BR>
SL-B ‘SOLIDITY/HOLLOWNESS (= PERMEABILITY)’<BR>
SP-B ‘DURABILITY/FRAGILITY’ (= CAPACITY FOR BEING DAMAGED)<BR>
SŢ-B ‘RESILIENCE/DELICATENESS’ (= CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY)<BR>
ŢL-B ‘TENSENESS (= STRAIN)’<BR>
PŠ-B ‘SMOOTHNESS/ROUGHNESS (= TACTILE COARSENESS)<BR>
FL-B ‘FULLNESS/EMPTINESS’<BR>
Ţ-B ‘FLEXIBILITY/RIGIDITY’<BR>
X-B ‘HARD/SOFT (= MALLEABILITY)’<BR>
F-B ‘TIGHTNESS/SLACK’ (= TAUTNESS)</FONT><BR>
R-B ‘WEIGHT/MASS’</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">PL-D ‘COLOR/HUE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. something having a color plus the color</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>same as INFORMAL stems but tinted/painted/stained, etc. to have other than its natural color</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. something light-colored plus the color</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. something dark-colored plus the color</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. something having a color</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. a color</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. something having a light color</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. a light color</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. something having a dark color</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. a dark color</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>NOTE: This stem patterns for the above root are a template for all other roots donating a specific color. The following root K-D ‘RED’ provides an example.</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">K-D ‘RED’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. something red plus the color red</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>same as INFORMAL stems but referring to something tinted/painted/stained red </P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. something light-red plus the color light-red</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. something dark-red plus the color light-red</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. something red</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. red</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. something light red</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. light red</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. something dark red</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. dark red</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SIMILARLY: T-D ‘BLUE’, N-D ‘GREEN’, H-D ‘YELLOW’, Q-D ‘ORANGE’, L-D ‘SKY BLUE’, F-D ‘PINK’, Ç-D ‘PURPLE’, R-D ‘OCHRE’, Ķ-D ‘ECRU’, Ţ-D ‘BEIGE/TAN’, Ņ-D ‘PEACH’, Ļ-D ‘MAUVE’, Ŗ-D ‘LAVENDER’, C-D ‘BURGUNDY’, Ş-D ‘TEAL’, <STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x + cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG>-<FONT size="-1">D</FONT> ‘TURQUOISE’, Š-D ‘AQUAMARINE’, Č-D ‘BROWN’, X-D ‘WHITE’, M-D ‘BLACK’, S-D ‘GRAY’, P-D ‘YELLOW-GREEN’, Ċ-D ‘MAROON’<BR>
The -V1t’ affix provides the following distinctions for all color-stems: 1) extra light 2) pale (= mixed with gray) 3) clear, transparent 4) fluorescent 5) vibrant / bright 6) –ish 7) translucent 8) opaque 9) extra dark</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">XL-D ‘WATER AS SUBSTANCE AND TOOL’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. (some) water; (be/make) wet / moist(en)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. (some) water as component of life</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. (some) water in context of usage [both substance and use]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. (some) water as nourishment; to consume/drink water</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. ice</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. (some) water as biological environment or medium</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. (some) water [substance itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. degree of moisture [from water]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. (some) water of one’s corporeal body</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. hydration; hydrate</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. water as “tool” (e.g., for washing, for powering a turbine, etc.)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. wash, clean [with water]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. act of drinking water; to drink water</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. to water (e.g., plants)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. ice / freeze</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. float</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. (some) water from a natural environmental setting</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. to inhabit water / live in water / water-dwelling</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE DERIVATIONS FROM THIS STEM: bathe, lave, submerge, sink, dunk, immerse, dry, drench(ed), irrigate, swim, the sea (as environment); dehydrate; thirst; freeze</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">KL-D ‘WATER IN NATURAL MOTION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. a flow of water / to flow or run</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. river / to flow as a river / to run as a river</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. sprinkle / shower; to sprinkle or shower upon</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. rain(fall); to rain</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. cascade / pour [= free falling of water]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. waterfall</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. water component of a flow of water</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. channel or course of a flow of water</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. water component of a river</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. channel or course of a river</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. water component of a sprinkle/shower</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. trajectory or course of a sprinkle/shower</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. water component of rain</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. “path” or course of a rain shower</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. water component of a cascade or pouring of water</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. trajectory or course of a pouring of water</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. water component of a waterfall</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. channel or “groove” of a waterfall </P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: flood, downpour, to rain “cats and dogs”, brook, stream, rivulet, arroyo, floodplain</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">TL-D ‘WATER IN STATIC SETTING’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. container of water</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. (standing) body of water</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. water/moisture located in confined space</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. ambient/atmospheric water/moisture</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. (something) imbued/drenched with water; waterlogged</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. artificial body of water (e.g., reservoir)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. some water in/from a container</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. holder/container which holds water</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. water component of a body of water</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. the basin or bed of a body of water</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. degree of moisture contained</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. the volume/space occupied by water/moisture</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. water/moisture in the air or atmosphere</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. volume of air(space) containing the water or moisture</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. the water imbued within an object, substance, or substrate</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. the object, substance or substrate imbued/soaked with water</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. water within an artificial body of water</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. the basis or bed of an artificial body of water, e.g., reservoir bed</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIONS: lake, pool, pond, tern, tank, sink, canteen, cistern, puddle, sea, ocean, water vapor</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color="#000000">NOTE: The above three roots associated with water, XL-D, KL-D and TL-D, form the patterns for three parallel roots referring to any liquid other than water: SL-D, PŢ-D and PS-D,</FONT> respectively.</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">M-G ‘HORIZONTAL SUPPORTING SURFACE AGAINST GRAVITY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. “ground”/firmament</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. floor</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. table-like horizontal flat object / slab</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. table</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. shelf-like flat object</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. shelf</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to physical gestalt/shape/form</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to function/purpose as functional supporting surface against gravity</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to physical gestalt/shape/form</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to function/purpose as functional supporting surface against gravity</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">L-G ‘ARTICLE OF CLOTHING’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. piece of clothing as covering or fashion; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. piece of clothing as part of uniform or costume; to wear such</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. piece of clothing as distinguishing marker or indicator of station; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. part of uniform or costume as indicator of station/job; to wear such</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. piece of clothing as ornament or accessory; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. part of uniform or costume as ornament; to wear such</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. piece of clothing as covering; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. piece of clothing as fashion; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. part of uniform as covering; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. part of costume as covering; to wear such</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. piece of clothing as distinguishing marker; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. piece of clothing as indicator of station; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. part of uniform as indicator of station/job; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. part of costume as indicator of station/job; to wear such</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. piece of clothing as ornament; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. piece of clothing as accessory; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. part of uniform as ornament; to wear such</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. part of costume as ornament; to wear such</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>THE STEM PATTERN OF THIS ROOT APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING ROOTS: <BR>
P-G ‘SHIRT/BLOUSE’<BR>
T-G ‘PANTS’<BR>
Č-G ‘COAT/JACKET’<BR>
Ķ-G ‘GLOVE’<BR>
Q-G ‘SCARF’<BR>
S-G ‘HAT’<BR>
Š-G ‘FOOTWEAR’<BR>
K-G ‘LEGGING/SOCK’<BR>
<FONT color="#000000">Ç-G ‘BELT’<BR>
X-G ‘APRON’<BR>
PL-G ‘COLLAR’<BR>
TL-G ‘NECKTIE/CRAVATTE<BR>
KL-G ‘HELMET’<BR>
Ţ-G ‘SKIRT/KILT’<BR>
F-G ‘DRESS’<BR>
PS-G ‘VEIL’<BR>
KS-G ‘SARI’<BR>
Ċ-G ‘TUNIC’<BR>
Č-G ‘ROBE(S)/TOGA’</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">Ļ-G ‘PLANETARY BODY’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. planet/planetary body</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. The Earth/Terra</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. moon/satellite of planetary body</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. The Moon/Luna</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. other spatial body </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. artificial satellite</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to human interaction with (i.e., sighting, influence by, speculation upon, contact with, experimentation involving, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to physical body</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to human interaction with (i.e., sighting, influence by, speculation upon, contact with, experimentation involving, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD Derivatives for Informal Stem 3: asteroid, comet, cosmic dust, cosmic gas, cosmic ray, component of Oort Cloud, cosmic string, quantum filament</FONT></P>
<P><A name="liquid"></A></P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">N-Ġ ‘LIQUID/FLUID’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. drop of liquid/fluid + liquid/fluid itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. Same as INFORMAL Stem No. 1 but referring to substance in an abnormal solid or gaseous state</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. drop of liquid/fluid as derived from other substance + the derived liquid subtance itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. thing/object composed of liquid + its function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. source of a liquid/fluid</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. status of substance/compound as being or not being in a liquid/fluid state</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. drop of liquid/fluid</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. liquid/fluid subtance itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. substance in an abnormal solid (i.e., frozen) state</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. substance in an abnormal gaseous state (i.e., vapor)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. drop of liquid/fluid as derived from other substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. the derived liquid/fluid subtance itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. object created, molded or manufactured from a liquid</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. function/purpose of object created, molded or manufactured from a liquid</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. natural source of a liquid/fluid</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. derived or artificially created source of a liquid or fluid</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. liquid/fluid state </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. viscous state (quasi-liquid but able to be deformed/shaped; semi-solid)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">The stem pattern above also applies to the root P-Ġ ‘liquid chemical’.</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">R-G ‘LIGHT / RADIANT ENERGY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. ray of sunlight</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. ray of radiant light or energy (non-solar)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. the Sun / Sol</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. flame / “tongue” of fire</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. star</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. artificial source of light or energy</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. light from a ray of sunlight</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. heat from a ray of sunlight</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. ray of light (non-solar)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. ray of energy/heat (non-solar)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. the Sun as light source</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. the Sun as energy/heat source</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. ray of firelight</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. flame as energy/heat source</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. starlight</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. energy of a star</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. lamp light / light from artificial source</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. energy/heat from artificial energy/heat source</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: fire, sunshine, illuminate, light a fire, flare (up), lamp, fireplace; galaxy, heater, to warm, warmth, to cook [= transform by heat], to melt, to smelt, to expose [via illumination], burn</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">SP-G ‘ROCK/MINERAL-BASED SOIL/GROUND’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. stone [as substance/material or substrate/ground]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. rock(y) [= specific natural embodiment of stone]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sand [as substance/material or substrate/ground]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. gravel</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. clay [as substance/material or substrate/ground]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. lava [w/ CPT = volcanic rock/lava-based rock]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Above 3 stems used to identify material nature of the substrate, ground or firmament</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Above 3 stems used to identify material nature of the substrate, ground or firmament</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><A name="solid"></A></P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">T-Ġ ‘(QUASI-)SOLID SUBSTANCE (i.e., non-liquid & non-gaseous)’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. elemental/fundamental manifestation (e.g., chunk, drop, flume, bit, piece, etc.) of a (quasi-)solid material substance/compound + substance/compound itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. Same as INFORMAL Stem No. 1 but referring to substance in an abnormal liquid or gaseous state</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. elemental/fundamental manifestation (e.g., chunk, drop, flume, bit, piece, etc.) of a substance/compound derived from a another subtance + the derived substance itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. thing/object composed of a (quasi-)solid material substance/compound + its function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. source of a (quasi-)solid material substance / compound</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. status of substance/compound as being or not being (quasi-) solid </FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. elemental manifestation (e.g., chunk, drop, flume, bit, piece, etc.) of a material substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. substance/compound itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. substance in an abnormal liquid state</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. substance in an abnormal gaseous state</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. elemental manifestation (e.g., chunk, drop, flume, bit, piece, etc.) of a substance/compound derived from refinement, distillation or processing of material substance or compound</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. derived substance / compound itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. object created, molded or manufactured from a material substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. function/purpose of object created, molded or manufactured from a material substance</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. natural source of a (quasi-)solid material substance / compound</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. derived or artificially created source of a (quasi-) solid material substance / compound</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. solid (= hard to the touch)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. quasi-solid (= non-gaseous and non-liquid but not hard; able to be deformed by touch)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BR>
<STRONG>CLASS 7 ROOTS: spatial concepts, form and motion</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">Ċ-Ļ ‘THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPHEROID SHAPES/FORMS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. sphere(oid) [rigid or solid]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. ball-like form [flexible/mutable or hollow]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. ovoid / elliptoid / round [rigid or solid]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. ovoid /elliptoid / round [flexible/mutable or hollow]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. torus / toroid (hoop/ring-like form with circular/elliptical/oval cross-section) [rigid or solid]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. torus / toroid [flexible/mutable or hollow]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to shape itself as abstract archetype</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to an object having that shape or form</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to shape itself as abstract archetype</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to an object having that shape or form</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">F-Ç ‘COMPONENTIAL PART OF WHOLE’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. component/part of something + its function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but referring to a separable/detachable component/part, as opposed to INFORMAL stems which refer to an inalienable or integrated component/part</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. appearance/condition of component/part + its function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. component/part as seen in relation to the greater whole</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. component/part itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. function/purpose of component/part</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. phsycial appearance/condition of component/part</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. impact/effect of component’s/part’s condition on its function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. component/part itself as seen in relation to the greater whole</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. function/purpose of component/part itself in relation to the greater whole</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>THE ABOVE PATTERN APPLIED TO FOLLOWING ROOTS <BR>
<FONT color="#000000">Ţ-Ç ‘front [relative to directional orientation or primary interface]’<BR>
Ç-Ç ‘rear, back part of [relative to directional orientation or primary interface]’<BR>
X-Ç ‘side/flank, lateral area’<BR>
<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x + cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG>-<FONT size="-1">Ç</FONT> ‘middle, center (as seen perpendicular to long axis of entity)<BR>
S-Ç ‘middle, center (as seen parallel to long axis of entity)<BR>
Ş-Ç ‘top, peak, summit’<BR>
SP-Ç ‘bottom, lowest part of, foundation’<BR>
ST-Ç ‘upper part or “half”’<BR>
SK-Ç ‘lower part or “half”’<BR>
SF-Ç ‘edge’<BR>
SŢ -Ç ‘interior, inner/internal part of, insides, innards’<BR>
SX-Ç ‘exterior, outer/external part of, outside, “skin”’</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">F-Ļ ‘VERTICAL ELEVATION’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. level [= relative vertical elevation]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but as applied to buildings and other architectural forms/constructs</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. layer/stratum</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. degree of size/expanse of level relative to adjacent or surrounding level</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. low spot in relative elevation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. high spot in relative elevation</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. low-layered; deep</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. upper-layered; shallow</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. plateau-like level, abuttmant; loft-like</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. ridge-like formation; crest-like formation</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">H-F ‘PATH-ORIENTED TRANSLATIVE MOTION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. move from one place to another; translative motion (i.e., motion from one place toward another)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. journey; to travel, traverse, to journey</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. course/way/route/trajectory followed between two points</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. route travelled/traversed on journey </P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. move between two points; motion along path from one point to another; to cross/go across from one side to another</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. travel between two points / make a crossing / travel across</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. motion “outward”; go</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. motion “inward”; come</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. go travelling / be off</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. journey toward </P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. movement away; go away (= increase distance between two objects)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. close in / get close(r) (= decrease distance between two objects)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. travel further away from</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. reach vicinity of / close in on</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. leave (= move away from one point toward some distant point)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. approach (= approach one point from direction of some distant point)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. departure; depart</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. arrival; arrive / reach destination</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological derivations: sojourn, set off / set out, set in motion; self-directed movement<BR>
THE PATTERN FOR THE ABOVE ROOT IS APPLIED TO ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ROOTS:<BR>
P-Ţ ‘VERTICAL MOTION / ASCENT & DESCENT / UP & DOWN’<BR>
S-Ţ ‘OBLIQUE VERTICAL MOTION’<BR>
L-Ţ ‘PLANAR RANGE OF MOTION’ (= randomly directed movement within/throughout 2-dimensional horizontal plane)<BR>
T-Ţ ‘VERTICAL RANGE OF MOTION’ (= randomly directed movement within<FONT color="#009900">/throughout </FONT> 2-dimensional vertical plane)<BR>
SK-Ţ ‘<FONT color="#009900">GENERIC OR </FONT>OBLIQUE 3-DIMENSIONAL RANGE OF MOTION/3-DIMENSIONAL PERVASIVE MOVEMENT / MOVEMENT THROUGHOUT 3-D VOLUME’<BR>
N-Ţ ‘LINEAR/HORIZONTAL MOTION ALONG Y-AXIS RELATIVE TO TOPICAL REFERENT’ <BR>
Č-Ţ ‘LINEAR/HORIZONTAL MOTION ALONG X-AXIS RELATIVE TO TOPICAL REFERENT’<BR>
KŢ-F ‘CIRCULAR MOTION IN HORIZONTAL PLANE’<BR>
FL-F ‘CIRCULAR MOTION IN VERTICAL PLANE’<BR>
ŠK-F ‘GENERIC OR OBLIQUE CIRCULAR MOTION’<BR>
ŞQ-F ‘SPIRAL MOTION ALONG HORIZONTAL PLANE’<BR>
ŢL-F ‘SPIRAL MOTION ALONG VERTICAL PLANE’<BR>
ŞK-F ‘GENERIC OR OBLIQUE SPIRAL MOTION’<BR>
KŢ-Ţ ‘CIRCULAR VECTOR MOTION’ (i.e., “corkscrew” motion)<BR>
QŢ-Ţ ‘SPIRAL VECTOR MOTION (i.e., corkscrew motion with increasing or decreasing amplitude)<BR>
X-Ţ ‘ARC / PARABOLIC MOTION RELATIVE TO GRAVITY’<BR>
ST-Ţ ‘CURVED MOTION / CURVE’<BR>
<FONT color="#000000">XL-F ‘SWITCH BACK / VEER’<BR>
SL-F ‘OBLIQUELY LINEAR MOTION (relative to XYZ grid)</FONT><BR>
SP-F ‘2-DIMENSIONAL EXTERNAL CIRCUMLATIVE MOTION / MOVEMENT AROUND/ALONG PERIPHERY OR OUTSIDE EDGE’ encircle, surround<BR>
Q-Ţ ‘2-DIMENSIONAL INTERNAL CIRCUMLATIVE MOTION / MOVEMENT AROUND/ALONG BOUNDARY OR INSIDE EDGE’ <BR>
KL-F ‘3-DIMENSIONAL EXTERNAL CIRCUMLATIVE MOTION / MOVEMENT AROUND/ALONG PERIPHERY OR SURFACE OF’<BR>
SL-Ţ ‘3-DIMENSIONAL INTERNAL CIRCUMLATIVE MOTION / MOVEMENT AROUND/ALONG INTERNAL 3-D BOUNDARY OF’</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">H-Ļ ‘LONGITUDE / EAST-WEST’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. east-west axis/orientation/direction/areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. longitude</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. west axis/orientation/direction/areal designation </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. West longitude</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. east axis/orientation/direction/areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. East longitude</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. east-west axial direction or orientation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. east-west geographical or geopolitical areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. meridian</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. zero meridian (Greenwich meridian)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. west direction or orientation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. west geographical or geopolitical areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. time zone</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. Western Hemisphere</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. east direction or orientation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. east geographical or geopolitical areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. International Date Line</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. Eastern Hemisphere</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">K-Ļ ‘LATITUDE / NORTH-SOUTH’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. north-south axis/orientation/direction/areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. latitude</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. north axis/orientation/direction/areal designation </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. north latitude </FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. south axis/orientation/direction/areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. south latitude</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. north-south axial direction or orientation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. north-south geographical or geopolitical areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. polar area</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. parallel [= line of latitude]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. north direction or orientation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. north geographical or geopolitical areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. north polar area (Arctic)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. Northern Hemisphere</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. south direction or orientation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. south geographical or geopolitical areal designation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. south polar area (Antarctic)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. Eastern Hemisphere</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bordercolor="#808080">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">K-Ţ ‘ANGULAR STRUCTURE / CORNER’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. (two-dimensional) angle</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but in reference to permanent, authoritative, formal contexts or to social or analogical contexts</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. (three-dimensional) vertex</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. angle-based constraint on access or movement</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. interior angle of two-dimensional surface or analog</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. exterior corner/vertex of two-dimensional surface or analog</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. interior vertex/corner of three-dimensional space</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. exterior corner/vertex of three dimensional space</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. corner as constraint</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. corner as opportunity for choice of movement</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">KL-Ç ‘THREE-DIMENSIONAL BLOCK-LIKE SHAPES/FORMS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. cube [solid volume]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems but as outline edges/frame only, not as solid volumes</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. rectilinear block [solid volume]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. disc</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to shape itself as abstract archetype</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to an object having that shape or form</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">M-Ļ ‘CURVATURE/BENDING/OPEN LINEAR FORMS OR SHAPES’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. linear curve/curl/bent line at obtuse/open angle or tangential rate [the line itself + object manifesting such a line]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. obtuse angle [degree of size/openness + object or bounded space manifesting such an angle]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. linear curve/curl/bent line at acute/sharp angle or tangential rate [the line itself + object manifesting such a line]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. acute angle [degree of size/narrownness + object or bounded space manifesting such an angle]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. linear curve based on mathematical function (e.g., algebraic or logarithmic) [the line itself + object manifesting such a line]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. mathematically determined form made of lines (e.g., polygon, quadrilateral, etc.) [pattern + object having the pattern]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. linear curve/curl/bent line at obtuse/open angle or tangential rate [the line itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. object manifesting a linear curve/curl/bent line at obtuse/open angle or tangential rate</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. obtuse angle [in reference to its size, i.e., degree of openness]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. obtuse angled object or bounded space</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. linear curve/curl/bent line at acute/sharp angle or tangential rate [the line itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. object manifesting a linear curve/curl/bent line at acute/sharp angle or tangential rate </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. acute angle [in reference to its size, i.e., degree of narrowness]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. acute angled object or bounded space</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. linear curve based on mathematical function (e.g., algebraic or logarithmic) [the line itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. object manifesting a linear curve based on mathematical function (e.g., algebraic or logarithmic)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. mathematically determined form made of lines [the pattern]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. object manifesting a mathematically determined form made of lines</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological Derivatives: fold, bend, pleat, zig-zag/“sawtooth”/serrated pattern, undulate/undulation, S-curve, wave(s)/wavy, bent, crooked, jagged, serrated, curvature<BR>
The above root use PHASE and the iterative series of affixes to specify extent/number/pattern of folds.<BR>
SSD Derivatives for INFORMAL Stem 3: parabola, hyperbola, exponential curve</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">M-Ţ ‘ACCESS/PASSAGE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. access point / passage; pass through, access</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. doorway (= the access portal itself, not the door which opens/closes off access)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. passage or infiltration of one substance into another</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. gateway / portal</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. filter / screening [selective access]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. checkpoint</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. enter / go in / pass within / ingress</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. exit / go out / egress</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. enter (through primary/official entrance/access portal)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. exit (through primary/official entrance/access portal)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. infiltrate / imbue / immerse</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. emit / dispense</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. receive (= welcome) ; reception</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. remove / dispel</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. filter through</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. filter out</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. admittance; admit</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. oust / eject</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: door, gate, let in, insert, introduce, take out, remove, penetrate, emanate, emerge</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE width="751" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bordercolor="#FF0000">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">N-Ļ ‘PRESSURE-BASED or REACTION-BASED <BR>
or GRAVITATION-BASED EQUILIBRIUM/MOTION/PROPULSION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="373" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. something hovering or floating; for something to hover, float, or be suspended upon (based on equilibrium, via pressure or volume-dispersion, against other medium such as air, water, gas, vapor, etc.) [both the object hovering/suspended + the act of suspension/hovering/floating]</P></TD>
<TD width="373" colspan="2" rowspan="5" valign="top">The Formal stems for this root are identical
to the Informal roots in meaning, with the distinction of referring specifically to man-made, mechanical means/vehicles/vessels or contexts involving reaction-based (i.e., fuel-driven) propulsion, as opposed to the naturally occurring or non-mechanical contexts
implied by use of the Informal stems.
<P align="center"> </P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. something hovering or floating; for something to hover, float, or be suspended upon (based on gravitational equilibrium or nullification, e.g. at the top of an arc of trajectory or at a La Grange point) [both the object hovering/suspended + the act of suspension/hovering/floating]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. something in orbit around another body; to orbit [both the object hovering/suspended + the act of suspension/hovering/floating]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top">Same as the above 3 stems but with specific reference to the object which hovers, floats, or is suspended</TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top">Same as the above 3 stems but with specific reference to the act or state of hovering, floating, or suspension</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<BR>
<FONT color="#FF0000">NOTE: this root was added to the lexicon on December 23, 2009</FONT>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">P-Ç ‘INVERSION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. orientational inversion</P></TD>
<TD width="370" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL Stems for this root have the same meanings as INFORMAL stems except that context is formal/authorized/permanent/abstract as described in Sec. 3.7</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. unidirectional topological inversion [= mirror-image]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. three-dimensional topological inversion [= inside-out]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. orientational inversion along y-axis [= backwards]</P></TD>
<TD width="196" valign="top"><P>1. mirror-image inversion along x-axis [= lateral/sideways]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. mirror-image inversion along y-axis [= backwards]</P></TD>
<TD width="196" valign="top"><P>2. orientational inversion along z-axis [= upside down]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. orientational inversion along x-axis [= lateral/sideways]</P></TD>
<TD width="196" valign="top"><P>3. mirror-image inversion along z-axis [= upside down]</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-Ļ ‘RECLINE / PRONE POSITION OR ORIENTATION / HORIZONTALITY</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. recline(d) / prone position (relative to long axis of object) / lie (down) / lay (out) </P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. horizontal (relative to gravity or plane of the earth’s surface) / orientation perpendicular to direction of gravity</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. recumbent position / position of relaxation relative to gravity --> sprawl, loll</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. occupying position of maximum repose or having a positional or dynamic orientation based on the path of least resistance relative to gravity</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. flush / flat against / position or orientation level with some flat or even firmament / lay flat</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. flatten(ed); collapse(d) or configure(d) to minimum height perpendicular to background firmament</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on the position itself </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on object/thing in that position</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on the position itself </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on object/thing in that position</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">SF-Ļ ‘QUASI-TWO-DIMENSIONAL SHAPES/FORMS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. strip [solid/rigid]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. ribbon-like shape [flexible]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. plane/planar [solid/rigid]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sheet-like shape [flexible]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. tube/cylinder/cylindrical [solid/rigid]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. tube-like shape [flexible]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to shape itself as abstract archetype</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to an object having that shape or form</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to shape itself as abstract archetype</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to an object having that shape or form</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">SK-F ‘SPATIAL ORIENTATION / POSITION / DIRECTION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. general spatial position [currently or within context of utterance]; be situated at</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. specific spatial position at “end point”; be situated at “end point” of</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. general orientation (along or relative to directional axes); to “face” [toward]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. specific orientation toward “end point” of; to “face” squarely</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. general direction/axis of movement; direct/move along axis of</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. specific direction/axis of movement toward “end point” of; to head straight for</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. general position toward “one side” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. general position toward “other side” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. specific position at “one end” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. specific position at “other side” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. general orientation toward “one side” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. general orientation toward “other side” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. specific orientation toward “one end” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. specific orientation toward “other end” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. general direction toward “one side” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. general direction toward “other side” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. specific direction toward “one end” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. specific direction toward “other end” of opposed spatial points</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>THE ABOVE PATTERN OF STEMS IS APPLIED TO THE FOLLOWING ROOTS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING 3-DIMENSIONAL NOTATIONAL SCHEMA: <BR>
-X = LEFT, +X = RIGHT<BR>
-Y = BEHIND, +Y = AHEAD<BR>
-Z = BELOW, + Z = ABOVE<BR>
0 = LEVEL WITH OR IN LINE WITH SPECIFIC X, Y, OR Z AXIS<BR>
PL-F ‘+X/+Y/+Z’<BR>
Ņ-F ‘+X/+Y/-Z’<BR>
R-F ‘+X/-Y/+Z’<BR>
Ŗ-F ‘+ X/-Y/-Z’<BR>
Ļ-F ‘-X/+Y/+Z’<BR>
PS-F ‘-X/+Y/-Z’<BR>
KS-F ‘-X/-Y/+Z’<BR>
PŢ- F ‘-X/-Y/-Z’<BR>
Ķ-F ‘+X/+Y/0’<BR>
K-F ‘+X/-Y/0’<BR>
Q-F ‘-X/+Y/0’<BR>
M-F ‘-X/-Y/0’<BR>
F-F ‘+X/0/+Z’<BR>
Ţ-F ‘+X/0/-Z’<BR>
Ç-F ‘-X/0/+Z’<BR>
<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x + cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG>-<FONT size="-1">F</FONT> ‘-X/0/-Z’<BR>
S-F ‘0/+Y/+Z’<BR>
Ş-F ‘0/+Y/-Z’<BR>
C-F ‘0/-Y/+Z’ <BR>
Ċ-F ‘0/-Y/-Z’<BR>
Č-F ‘+X/0/0’<BR>
Š-F ‘-X/0/0’<BR>
L-F ‘0/+Y/0’<BR>
N-F ‘0/-Y/0’<BR>
P-F ‘0/0/+Z’<BR>
T-F ‘0/0/-Z’<BR>
SK-F ‘0/0/0’<BR>
SF-F ‘POSITION BETWEEN / AMIDST / AMONG [linear unidimensional context, e.g., between two others in a queue]<BR>
ŠL-F ‘POSITION BETWEEN / AMIDST / AMONG [planar 2-dimensional context, e.g., among others in a crowded room]<BR>
ŠP-F ‘POSITION BETWEEN / AMIDST / AMONG [volume-based 3-dimensional context, e.g., sky crowded with balloonists]<BR>
ŠT-F ‘INTERTWINED/INTERMINGLED/INTERMIXED POSITION/STATE’ [individual components separable/extractable]<BR>
TL-F ‘INTERTWINED/INTERMINGLED/INTERMIXED POSITION/STATE’ [individual components inseparable/mixed/permanently combined]</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">SL-Ç ‘ONE-DIMENSIONAL (i.e., LINEAR) SHAPES/FORMS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. point / dot [solid/fixed/rigid]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. point / dot [flexible/movable/fluid]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. line / linear [solid/fixed/rigid]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. line / linear [flexible/movable/fluid] / string-like</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. hoop / ring [solid/fixed/rigid]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. hoop / ring [flexible/movable/fluid] / loop</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to shape itself as abstract archetype</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to an object having that shape or form</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to shape itself as abstract archetype</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to an object having that shape or form</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">SP-Ţ ‘TWO-DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE SHAPES’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. generic 2-D outline shape (e.g., the shape of a close-course race-track, the outline of the shore of a lake, a drawing of a national border on a map, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. 2-D outline shape generically distorted</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. generic 2-D outline horizontally elongated</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. 2-D outline shape obliquely elongated / skewed along one axis</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. generic 2-D outline vertically elongated</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. 2-D outline shape medially compressed, i.e., “squished/pinched in the middle”</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to shape itself as abstract archetype</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to an object having that shape or form</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to shape itself as abstract archetype</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to an object having that shape or form</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>The above root’s stem pattern is applied to all of the following roots:<BR>
<FONT color="#000000">XL-Ţ : ‘square/rectangle/rhombus’<BR>
R-Ļ : ‘circle/ellipse’<BR>
PS-Ç : ‘oval’<BR>
ŠF-Ţ : ‘egg-shaped’<BR>
Š-Ç : ‘half-circle/semi-circle’<BR>
K-Ç : ‘sliver-moon shaped’<BR>
SX-Ţ : ‘irregular/amorphous outline’</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">ST-F ‘FIT/HOLD/CONTAIN AS INTERNAL-EXTERNAL PARTITION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. holding area / containment area; hold/keep/contain</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. room, chamber</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. fit; to fit, contain (= have sufficient room for)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. reside, situate; room as place of residence, quasi-permanent situation or default location</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. volume or boundary of containment area</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. room boundaries (i.e., walls, floor, ceiling)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the physical boundaries (“walls”) which define the containment area and prevent contents from leaking or escaping</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the space (“room”) within the holding area and protection of contents from external environment</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the room as a container separating inside from outside</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as abvoe 3 stems referring to the space within the room as shelter or sanctuary</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD Derivatives for Formal Stem 3: ceiling, wall, floor, dividing panel, piece of furniture serving to divide room space<BR>
EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: house, building, cell, booth, closet; <FONT color="#000000">snug, snugness, loose, looseness, baggy, bagginess</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">ST-Ļ ‘2-DIMENSIONAL CURVATURE/DISTORTION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. curve/curl/bent formation in 2-dimensional planar surface or surface of 3-dimensional object [the curvature itself + object manifesting such curvature]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. volume of space defined/bounded by curvature or bending of a 2-dimensional planar surface or surface of 3-dimensional object [the spatial volume itself + object manifesting such bounded space]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. dimple/depression in 2-D planar surface or surface of 3-D object [the depression itself + object manifesting the depression]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. volume of space defined/bounded by a dimple or depression in a 2-dimensional planar surface or surface of 3-dimensional object [the spatial volume itself + object manifesting such bounded space]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. undefined distortion/blurring/anomaly in 2-D planar surface or surface of 3-D object [the distortion itself + object manifesting the distortion]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3.volume of space affected by the undefined distortion/blurring/anomaly in 2-D planar surface or surface of 3-D object [the spatial volume itself + object manifesting such bounded space]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. curve/curl/bent formation in 2-dimensional planar surface or surface of 3-dimensional object [the curvature itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. object manifesting a curve/curl/bent formation in 2-dimensional planar surface or surface of 3-dimensional object </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. volume of space defined/bounded by curvature or bending of a 2-dimensional planar surface or surface of 3-dimensional object [the spatial volume itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. object manifesting a volume of space defined/bounded by curvature or bending of a 2-dimensional planar surface or surface of 3-dimensional object</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. dimple/depression in 2-D planar surface or surface of 3-D object [the depression itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. object manifesting a dimple/depression in 2-D planar surface or surface of 3-D object </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. volume of space defined/bounded by a dimple or depression in a 2-dimensional planar surface or surface of 3-dimensional object [the spatial volume itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. object manifesting a volume of space defined/bounded by a dimple or depression in a 2-dimensional planar surface or surface of 3-dimensional object </P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. undefined distortion/blurring/anomaly in 2-D planar surface or surface of 3-D object [the distortion itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. object manifesting an undefined distortion, blurring or anomaly in 2-D planar surface or surface of 3-D object </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3.volume of space affected by the undefined distortion/blurring/anomaly in 2-D planar surface or surface of 3-D object [the spatial volume itself]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. object manifesting a volume of space affected by the undefined distortion/blurring/anomaly in 2-D planar surface or surface of 3-D object </P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological Derivatives: crease, pleat, wrinkle(s), curl up, crumple(d), wad(ded), zig-zag, groove/furrow<FONT color="#009900"><BR>
</FONT></P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Ş-Ţ ‘EXTERIORITY / POSITION OR ORIENTATION OUTSIDE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. position/orientation somewhere outside (of), i.e., beyond or on other side of surface or boundary layer</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. the space beyond/outside/excluded from an interior space/compartment (e.g., of house, car, device, etc.)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. position/orientation somewhere outside of (2-D context), i.e., beyond/outside the area defined by a boundary line</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. an external surface / functional planar area beyond/outside the boundaries of (e.g., the “out of bounds” area of a tennis court)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. position/orientation somewhere outside of (3-D context), i.e., beyond/outside the volume set off by a boundary membrane, surface/wall, etc.</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. the space beyond/outside an interior volume / functional space outside the boundaries of</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on exterior position (i.e. position other than on outside surface of boundary between interior and exterior</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on position on exterior surface (i.e. position on outside surface of boundary between interior and exterior</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on exterior position (i.e. position other than on outside surface of boundary between interior and exterior</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on position on exterior surface (i.e. position on outside surface of boundary between interior and exterior</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>compare to root SX-Ç </P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Š-Ţ ‘PATH/WAY/COURSE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. course/way [taken]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. route [taken]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. [marked] path [taken]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. road [taken]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. trajectory; move(ment) along a trajectory / “sail” / arc</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. channel [taken]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the course/way/path/trajectory itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to following or travelling along the course/path/trajectory</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on the route/road/channel itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as a stems with focus on following or travelling along the route/road/channel</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: walkway, sidewalk, highway, street, slide, tunnel, conduit</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">T-Ļ ‘UPRIGHT POSITION OR ORIENTATION/VERTICALITY/PERPENDICULAR/PROTRUSION</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. upright/erect position or orientation (relative to long axis of object) / stand (up)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. vertical (i.e., parallel to gravity or plane of earth’s surface)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. stick up or out/ protrude</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. occupying position of maximum contrast to a position of repose; position of maximum “alertness” or readiness or action</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. perpendicular / position or orientation at right angles to background firmament (relative to long axis of object); be or stand on end</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. stretch(ed) outward; pull(ed) or configure(d) to maximum height perpendicular to background firmament</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on the position itself as an abstract concept</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on object/thing in that position</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on the position itself as an abstract concept</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on object/thing in that position</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">X-F ‘AMBULATION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. ambulate (as natural to specific species, e.g., walk, slither, fly, crawl, etc.)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. “formal” ambulation, e.g., march, prance</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. rapid ambulation (as per specific species, e.g., run, gallop, scamper, scurry, etc.)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. purposeful rapid ambulation, e.g., flee, race</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. unnatural or affected ambulation</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. deliberately unnatural or affected ambulation, e.g., swagger, saunter</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the nature of the bodily movement/gait</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the translative/directional motion from one point toward another</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the nature of the bodily movement/gait</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the translative/directional motion from one point toward another</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: skip, shuffle, slink; lead, follow<BR>
<FONT color="#000000">SSD Derivatives: 1) swim on surface 2) swim/glide underwater 3) slither 4) crawl 5) walk 6) hop 7) jump/leap 8) swing (e.g., through trees, from vines, etc.) 9) fly</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">X-Ļ ‘TERRAIN-BASED/GEOGRAPHICAL ELEVATION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="379" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="360" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="379" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. relative elevation in comparison to other geological feature/terrain</P></TD>
<TD width="360" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>FORMAL Stems for this root have the same meanings as INFORMAL stems except that context is geo-political or in terms of formal property [geographic ownership]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="379" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. geological layer/stratum</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="379" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. flatland area/plain</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="379" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="172" valign="top"><P>1. v alley / geographic depression relative to surrounding terrain</P></TD>
<TD width="207" valign="top"><P>1. hill / upland / raised geographic feature relative to surrounding terrain</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="172" valign="top"><P>2. deep underground</P></TD>
<TD width="207" valign="top"><P>2. near-surface / shallow [in terms of depth underground]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="172" valign="top"><P>3. plateau / raised flat-topped geographic feature relative to surrounding terrain</P></TD>
<TD width="207" valign="top"><P>3. ridge / crest / flat-linear edge between different geographic/geologically-based elevations</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">X-Ţ ‘INTERIORITY / POSITION OR ORIENTATION INSIDE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. position/orientation somewhere inside (of), i.e., underneath or on other side of surface or boundary layer</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. entirety of an interior space/compartment (e.g., of house, car, device, etc.)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. position/orientation somewhere inside of (2-D context), i.e., within the area defined by a boundary line</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. entirety of an interior surface / functional planar area within the boundaries of</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. position/orientation somewhere inside of (3-D context), i.e., within the volume set off by a boundary membrane, surface/wall, etc.</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. entirety of an interior volume / functional space within the boundaries of</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on interior position (i.e. position other than on inside surface of boundary between interior and exterior</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on position on interior surface (i.e. position on inside surface of boundary between interior and exterior</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on interior position (i.e. position other than on inside surface of boundary between interior and exterior</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on position on interior surface (i.e. position on inside surface of boundary between interior and exterior</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>compare to roots SŢ -Ç<FONT color="#009900"> </FONT></P>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BR>
<STRONG>CLASS 8 ROOTS: taxonomies of organic life</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The stem pattern of the following Class 8 Roots is identical to the pattern for the Class 4 Root <A href="ithkuil-lexicon.htm#foodplant">N-N ‘FOOD PLANT</A>’:<BR>
P-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> cabbage (plant/leaves of sp. Brassica oleracea capitata)<BR>
Ķ-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> lettuce (plant/leaves of genus Lactuca)<BR>
Ċ-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> spinach (plant/leaves of sp. Spinacia oleracea)<BR>
F-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> tea (plant/leaves of sp. Camellia sinensis)<BR>
ŠL-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> kelp (seaweed of orders Laminariales and Fucales)<BR>
QŢ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> mustard (plant of sp. Brassica hirta / B. nigra / B. juncea)<BR>
Ţ-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> corn, maize (plant/seeds of sp. Zea mays)<BR>
KŢ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> oat (plant/seed of genus Avena)<BR>
Ç-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> wheat (plant/seed of sp. Triticum aestivum)<BR>
PŢ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> tobacco (plant/leaves of sp. Nicotiana tabacum)<BR>
SP-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> hemp, marijuana (plant/material of sp. Cannabis sativa)<BR>
ŞP-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> sesame (plant/seed of genus Sesamum)<BR>
M-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> pea (plant/seed of sp. Pisum sativum)<BR>
PS-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> bean (lima/snap/etc.: plant/seed of genus Phaseolus or similar)<BR>
ST-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> lentil (plant/seeds of sp. Lens culinaris)<BR>
ŞT-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> soya, soybean (plant/seed of sp. Glycine max)<BR>
PŞ -P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> peanut (plant/seed/pod of sp. Arachis hypogaea)<BR>
S-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> rice (plant/seed of sp. Oryza sativa)<BR>
ŠT-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> pepper (hot/sweet/bell pepper -- plant/pod of genus Capsicum)<BR>
Ş-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> pepper (black -- plant/seed of sp. Piper nigrum)<BR>
SK-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> millet<BR>
ŞK-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> amaranth<BR>
ŠK-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> sorghum<BR>
SF-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> teff<BR>
ŞF-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ginseng (plant/root of genus Panax)<BR>
KŠ-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> potato (plant/tuber of sp. Solanum tuberosum)<BR>
PŠ -P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> carrot (plant/root of sp. Daucus carota sativus)<BR>
ŠF-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> yam, sweet potato<BR>
SX-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> garlic (herb of sp. Allium sativum)<BR>
Ŗ-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> onion (plant/bulb of sp. Allium sepa)<BR>
L-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> grape (plant/fruit of genus Vitis)<BR>
SŢ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> tomato (plant/berry of genus Lycopersicon)<BR>
ŞŢ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> squash, melon (plant/fruit of genus Cucurbita grown for edible fruit)<BR>
ŠŢ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> gourd (plant/hard-rinded fruit of genera Lagenaria & Cucurbita)<BR>
ŞX-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> date (tree/fruit of sp. Phoenix dactylifera)<BR>
ŠX-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> cucumber (Cucumis sativus)<BR>
Š-Q<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> bamboo (plant/stem of genera Bambusa / Arundinaria / Dendrocalamus)<BR>
N-Q<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> cork (tree/elastic tissue of sp. Quercus suber)<BR>
L-Q<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> cotton (plant/fibers of genus Gossypium)<BR>
H-Q<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ginger (plant/rhizome of genus Zingiber)<BR>
Ņ-Q<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> mint (plant of family Labiatae)<BR>
Ŗ-Q<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘BRANCHED AND/OR LEAVED PLANT’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. genus of branched tree/bush and/or leaved plant</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. wood product</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. leaf</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. leaf product</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. bark</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. bark product</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. wood</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. seed/fruit/nut</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. wood as resource</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. seed/fruit as food or resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. root</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. flower/blossom</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. root as food or resource</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. flower as food or resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. branch</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. sap</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. branch as resource</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. sap product/syrup</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD Suffix = -V1t’ used as follows: 1) meat of fruit, 2) seed within fruit, 3) rind, 4) juice, 5) flavor, 6) odor of fruit, 7) oil, 8) [unassigned/specific to individual root] 9) fermented juice, i.e., wine<BR>
THE ABOVE PATTERN IS APPLIED TO THE FOLLOWING ROOTS:<BR>
C-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘BIRCH’<BR>
T-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘SPRUCE’<BR>
Ķ -T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘CEDAR’<BR>
X-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘OAK’<BR>
K-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘PINE’<BR>
Ċ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘PALM’<BR>
F-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘CHERRY’<BR>
Č-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘WALNUT’<BR>
Ţ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘MAPLE’<BR>
Ç-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘ASH’<BR>
<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘CYPRESS’<BR>
S-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘BEECH’<BR>
Ş-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘MAHOGANY’<BR>
M-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘COCONUT’<BR>
N-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘EUCALYPTUS’<BR>
Ņ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘MAGNOLIA’<BR>
Š-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘REDWOOD’<BR>
H-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘LARCH’<BR>
L-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘ELM’<BR>
Ļ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘FIG’<BR>
R-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘BANANA’<BR>
Ŗ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘YEW’<BR>
PS-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘ALMOND’<BR>
PŞ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘CHESTNUT’<BR>
PŠ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘ALDER’<BR>
KS-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘OLIVE’<BR>
KŞ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘POPLAR’<BR>
TL-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘PINEAPPLE’<BR>
KŠ-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘APPLE’<BR>
PL-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘ORANGE’<BR>
KL-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘LEMON’<BR>
FL-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘LIME’<BR>
ŢL-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘PEAR’<BR>
XL-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘PLUM’<BR>
SL-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘PEACH’<BR>
ŞL-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘TANGERINE’<BR>
Q-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘COFFEE’<BR>
<FONT color="#000000">ŠP-T<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> FLAX</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000"> Q-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘INSECT’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. membe r of genus as resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. male member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. male as resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. female member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. female as resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. wild member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. bred or domesticated member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus as food/prey</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus as derived resource or processed product</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. wild male member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. bred or domesticated male member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male as food/prey</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male as derived resource or processed product</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. wild female member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. bred or domesticated female member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female as food/prey</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female as derived resource or processed product</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>MAT Suffix –V0k used to indicate life stage: larvae/grub, chrysalis, cocoon, adult, etc.<BR>
SSD Suffix = -V1t’ used as follows: 1) egg, 2) wing, 3) oil/secretion, 4) silk/web, 5) skin/pellicle, 6) tail, 7) horn, 8) leg(s) 9) [open]<BR>
THE ABOVE PATTERN IS APPLIED TO THE FOLLOWING ROOTS:<BR>
ŠT-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘BUMBLEBEE’<BR>
ST-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘HONEYBEE’<BR>
SL-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ANT’<BR>
ŞL-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘COCKROACH’<BR>
SX-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘BUTTERFLY’<BR>
ŠX-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘MOTH’<BR>
ŞT-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘HOUSEFLY’<BR>
SK-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘WASP’<BR>
ŞK-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘HORNET’<BR>
SŢ-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GNAT’<BR>
ŠK-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘MOSQUITO’<BR>
ŞŢ-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘APHID’<BR>
SF-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘FIREFLY’<BR>
ŠŢ-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘FLEA’<BR>
ŠL-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘BEETLE’<BR>
QŢ-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SPIDER’<BR>
ŠF-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘TICK’<BR>
Ş-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘TERMITE’<BR>
ŞF-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘WATERBUG’<BR>
SP-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GRASSHOPPER’<BR>
ŠP-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘LOCUST’<BR>
ŞX-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘DRAGONFLY’<BR>
KŞ-P<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘MANTIS’<BR>
PŢ-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> BLẠ- ‘GENERIC CRAWLING BUG’<BR>
KŢ-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> GLẠ- ‘GENERIC FLYING BUG’</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">SK-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GENERIC MAMMAL/AVIAN/REPTILE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. member of mammalian/avian/reptilian genus</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus as resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. male member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. male as resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. female member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. female as resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. wild member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. bred or domesticated member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus as food/prey</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus as derived resource or processed product </P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. wild male member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. bred or domesticated male member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male as food/prey</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male as derived resource or processed product</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. wild female member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. bred or domesticated female member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female as food/prey</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female as derived resource or processed product</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>MAT Suffix –V0k used to indicate life stage: e.g., foal, fawn, yearling, adult, etc.<BR>
SSD Suffix = -V1t’ used as follows: 1) egg, 2) milk, 3) oil/secretion/venom, 4) fat, 5) skin/hide, 6) tail, 7) tusk/horn, 8) fur/feathers 9) flesh/meat<BR>
THE ABOVE PATTERN IS APPLIED TO THE FOLLOWING ROOTS:<BR>
P-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘HORSE’<BR>
T-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘COW’<BR>
Ķ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘PIG’<BR>
C-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SHEEP’<BR>
F-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GOAT’<BR>
Ċ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘DEER’<BR>
K-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘BISON/BUFFALO’<BR>
M-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘CHICKEN’<BR>
Š-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘DUCK’<BR>
PL-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GOOSE’<BR>
Ş-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SWAN’<BR>
Q-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘TURKEY’<BR>
Ţ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘OSTRICH’<BR>
Ç-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘DOLPHIN’<BR>
Č-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘MULE’<BR>
X-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘DONKEY’<BR>
<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ZEBRA’<BR>
XL-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘LION’<BR>
L-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘TIGER’<BR>
R-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘BEAR’<BR>
S-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ELK’<BR>
Ņ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘MOOSE’<BR>
Ļ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘BOAR’<BR>
PS-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘YAK’<BR>
KS-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘CAMEL’<BR>
PŞ -K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘WALRUS’<BR>
Ŗ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ELEPHANT’<BR>
PŠ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GIRAFFE’<BR>
N-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘CAT’<BR>
H-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘DOG’<BR>
KŠ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘RABBIT’<BR>
TL-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘CHIMPANZEE’<BR>
KŞ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GORILLA’<BR>
ŢL-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘LEMUR’<BR>
KL-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ORANGUTAN’<BR>
FL-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘OTTER’<BR>
SL-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘WHALE’<BR>
ŠL-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SEAL’<BR>
ŞX-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SEA LION’<BR>
PŢ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ANTELOPE’<BR>
ŞL-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GAZELLE’<BR>
KŢ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘BABOON’<BR>
QŢ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘FOX’<BR>
SP-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘WOLF’<BR>
ST-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘COYOTE’<BR>
ŠP-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SKUNK’<BR>
SF-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘PORCUPINE’<BR>
ŞP-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘POSSUM’<BR>
ŞT-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘KANGAROO’<BR>
SŢ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘MOUSE’<BR>
SX-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘RAT’<BR>
SF-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘LEOPARD’<BR>
ŠK-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘CHEETAH’<BR>
ŠX-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘PANTHER’<BR>
ŠF-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘JAGUAR’<BR>
ŞF-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘MOLE’<BR>
ŞK-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SQUIRREL’<BR>
ŞŢ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘VOLE’<BR>
ŠT-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘CHIPMUNK’<BR>
ŠŢ-K<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SHREW’<BR>
P-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ROBIN’<BR>
T-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘LARK’<BR>
F-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SPARROW’<BR>
Ţ-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘OWL’<BR>
Ç-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘PIGEON’<BR>
Č-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘EAGLE’<BR>
Ċ-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GULL’<BR>
Ķ-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ALBATROSS’<BR>
C-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘HAWK’<BR>
Q-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘VULTURE’<BR>
K-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘PHEASANT’<BR>
S-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘NIGHTINGALE’<BR>
R-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SNAKE’<BR>
TL-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘VIPER’<BR>
KS-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘COBRA’<BR>
PS-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘RATTLESNAKE’<BR>
SX-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘PYTHON’<BR>
SF-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ASP’<BR>
SK-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘ALLIGATOR’<BR>
ST-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘CROCODILE’<BR>
PL-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘LIZARD’<BR>
KŞ-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GILA MONSTER’<BR>
PŞ-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘IGUANA’<BR>
KŠ-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘FROG’<BR>
PŠ-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘TOAD’<BR>
KL-Q<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘TURTLE’</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">T-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘GENERIC WATERLIFE ’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus as resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. male member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. male as resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. female member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. female as resource</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. wild member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. bred or domesticated member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus as food/prey</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. member of genus as derived resource or processed product</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. wild male member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. bred or domesticated male member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male as food/prey</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. male as derived resource or processed product</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. wild female member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. bred or domesticated female member of genus</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female as food/prey</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. female as derived resource or processed product</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD Suffix = -V1t’ used as follows: 1) egg, 2) meat, 3) skin/shell, 4) fluid/ink, 5) smoked meat, 6) as bait, 7) as fodder, 8) as ingredient in food or as fishmeal 9) cooked meat<BR>
THE ABOVE PATTERN IS APPLIED TO THE FOLLOWING ROOTS:<BR>
N-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘OCTOPUS’<BR>
X-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SQUID’<BR>
R-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘EEL’<BR>
Ş-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘LAMPREY’<BR>
Ņ-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘RAY’<BR>
K-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SHARK’<BR>
XL-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘CLAM’<BR>
FL-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SCALLOP’<BR>
PL-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘MUSSEL’<BR>
ŢL-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘CRAB’<BR>
TL-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘SHRIMP/PRAWN’<BR>
KL-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘LOBSTER’<BR>
<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘TROUT’<BR>
H-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘TUNA’<BR>
Ļ-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘COD’<BR>
Ç-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘BASS’<BR>
C-P<FONT color="#0000FF"><IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"></FONT> ‘PIKE’</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P></P>
<P><STRONG>CLASS 9 ROOTS: taxonomies of physical substances </STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">The stem pattern of the following Class 9 roots is identical to that of the Class 6 root</FONT><FONT color="#0000FF"> <A href="ithkuil-lexicon.htm#solid">T-Ġ ‘(QUASI-)SOLID SUBSTANCE (i.e., non-liquid & non-gaseous)</A>’:<BR>
<FONT color="#000000">P-P’ ‘brass’<BR>
P-T’ ‘chalk’<BR>
P-K’ ‘cloth/fabric’<BR>
P-Q’ ‘coal’<BR>
T-P’ ‘spice/herb/seasoning’<BR>
T-T’ ‘glass’<BR>
T-K’ ‘jade’<BR>
T-Q’ ‘metal/ore’<BR>
Ķ-P’ ‘mineral’<BR>
Ķ-T’ ‘oil (petroleum)’<BR>
Ķ-K’ ‘plastic’<BR>
Ķ-Q’ ‘quartz’<BR>
K-P’ ‘rubber’<BR>
K-T’ ‘salt’<BR>
K-K’ ‘steel’<BR>
K-Q’ ‘silk’<BR>
C-P’ ‘tar’<BR>
C-T’ - ‘wax’<BR>
C-K’ Aluminium <BR>
C-Q’ Antimony<BR>
Ċ-P’ Arsenic <BR>
Ċ-T’ Beryllium <BR>
Ċ-K’ Bismuth <BR>
Ċ-Q’ Boron <BR>
Č-P’ Cadmium <BR>
Č-T’ Calcium <BR>
Č-K’ Carbon <BR>
Č-Q’ Chromium <BR>
Ç-P’ Cobalt <BR>
Ç-T’ Copper <BR>
Ç-K’ Gallium <BR>
Ç-Q’ Gold <BR>
F-P’ Iridium <BR>
F-T’ Iron<BR>
F-K’ Lead <BR>
F-Q’ Lithium <BR>
Ţ-P’ Magnesium <BR>
Ţ-T’ Manganese <BR>
Ţ-K’ Molybdenum <BR>
Ţ-Q’ Nickel <BR>
X-P’ Palladium <BR>
X-T’ Phosphorus <BR>
X-K’ Platinum <BR>
X-Q’ Plutonium <BR>
S-P’ Potassium <BR>
S-T’ Radium <BR>
S-K’ Rubidium <BR>
S-Q’ Selenium <BR>
Ş-P’ Silicon <BR>
Ş-T’ Silver <BR>
Ş-K’ Sulfur<BR>
Ş-Q’ Tin <BR>
Š-P’ Titanium <BR>
Š-T’ Uranium <BR>
Š-K’Vanadium <BR>
Š-Q’ Tungsten <BR>
M-P’ Zinc <BR>
M-T’Zirconium<BR>
</FONT></FONT>KL-P’ Germanium <BR>
KL-T’ Krypton <BR>
KL-K’ Osmium <BR>
<FONT color="#0000FF"><FONT color="#000000">M-K’ asbestos magnesium silicate <BR>
M-Q’ aspirin acetylsalicylic acid <BR>
N-P’ baking soda <BR>
N-T’ bicarbonate of soda <BR>
N-K’ graphite (carbon) <BR>
N-Q’ diamond <BR>
Ņ-P’ marble <BR>
Ņ-T’ emery powder <BR>
Ņ-K’ epsom salts <BR>
Ņ-Q’ fluorspar <BR>
L-P’ gypsum <BR>
L-T’ linoleum <BR>
L-K’ lime <BR>
L-Q’ magnesia <BR>
H-P’ milk of magnesium <BR>
H-T’ plaster of Paris <BR>
H-K’ potash <BR>
H-Q’ saltpeter <BR>
R-P’ silica <BR>
R-T’ sugar, table <BR>
R-K’ talc or talcum <BR>
R-Q’ washing soda <BR>
Ŗ-P’ zinc white <BR>
</FONT></FONT>PS-P’ NATURALLY OCCURRING ACTINIDE OR UNSTABLE/RADIOACTIVE HEAVY ELEMENT<BR>
SSD Derivatives specify exact element:
1) Actinium
2) Thorium
3) Protactinium
4) Neptunium
5) any radioactive isotope of an element
6) Astatine
7) Francium
8) Polonium
9) Technetium<BR>
PŠ-P’ SYNTHETIC ACTINIDE ELEMENT <BR>
SSD Derivatives specify exact element:
1) Americium
2) Curium
3) Berkelium 4) Californium
5) Einsteinium
6) Fermium
7) Mendelevium
8) Nobelium
9) Lawrencium<BR>
PŞ-P’ NATURALLY OCCURRING ELEMENT FOUND ONLY IN COMPOUNDS OR MIXED ORES<BR>
SSD Derivatives specify exact element:
1) Barium
2) Caesium (Cesium)
3) Hafnium
4) Niobium
5) Rhenium
6) Rhodium <BR>
7) Ruthenium
8) Strontium
9) Tellurium <BR>
<IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x-cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom">-P’ RARE NATURAL ELEMENT FOUND ONLY IN COMPOUNDS OR MIXED ORES<BR>
SSD Derivatives specify exact element:
1) Indium
2) Scandium
3) Yttrium
4) Tantalum
5) source compound for such elements
6)
7)
8)
9) primary source ore in which element is found<BR>
KS-T’ SYNTHETIC HEAVY ELEMENT<BR>
SSD Derivatives specify exact element:
1) Rutherfordium
2) Dubnium
3) Seaborgium
4) Bohrium
5) Hassium
6) Meitnerium 7) Darmstadtium
8) Roentgenium
9) trans-Roentgenium synthetic element (i.e., Ununbium, Ununtrium, etc.)<BR>
KŞ-T’ LANTHANIDE ELEMENT<BR>
SSD Derivatives specify exact element:
1) Lanthanum
2) Cerium
3) Praseodymium
4) Neodymium
5) Promethium
6) Samarium
7) Europium
8) Gadolinium
9) Terbium <BR>
KŠ-T’ HEAVIER LANTHANIDE ELEMENT<BR>
SSD Derivatives specify exact element:
1) Dysprosium
2) Holmium
3) Erbium
4) Thulium
5) Ytterbium
6) Lutetium 7) <BR>
8)
9) lanthanide-based compound </P>
<P> </P>
<P><FONT color="#000000">The stem pattern for the following Class 9 roots are identical to the pattern for the Class 6 root </FONT><FONT color="#0000FF"><A href="ithkuil-lexicon.htm#liquid">N-Ġ ‘LIQUID/FLUID</A>’:<BR>
<FONT color="#000000">SK-P’ ‘paint’<BR>
Ŗ -T’ ‘oil (fatty liquid derived from plants/animals)’<BR>
Ŗ -K’‘honey’<BR>
Ŗ -Q’‘vinegar’<BR>
Ļ-P’ acetone <BR>
Ļ-T’ alcohol, grain <BR>
Ļ-K’ alcohol, wood <BR>
Ļ-Q’ ammonia<BR>
PL-P’ iodine <BR>
PL-T’ mercury <BR>
PL-K’ brine aqueous sodium chloride solution <BR>
PL-Q’ benzene <BR>
TL-P’ lye or soda lye sodium hydroxide <BR>
TL-T’ formalin aqueous formaldehyde solution <BR>
TL-K’ rubbing alcohol isopropyl alcohol <BR>
TL-Q’ methanol methyl alcohol </FONT></FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<P><FONT color="#000000">The stem pattern of the following Class 9 roots is identical to the pattern of the Class 6 root </FONT><FONT color="#0000FF"><A href="ithkuil-lexicon.htm#gas">H-Ġ ‘GAS / FLUME</A>’:<BR>
<FONT color="#000000">SL-P’ ‘carbon dioxide’<BR>
SL-T’ ‘carbon monoxide’<BR>
SL-K’ Chlorine <BR>
SL-Q’ Argon <BR>
PŢ-P’ Helium <BR>
PŢ-T’ Hydrogen <BR>
PŢ-K’ Fluorine <BR>
PŢ-Q’ Nitrogen <BR>
SP-P’ Oxygen <BR>
SP-T’ Neon <BR>
SP-K’ Radon <BR>
SP-Q’ Xenon <BR>
ST-P’ ozone<BR>
ST-T’ laughing gas <BR>
ST-K’ air</FONT></FONT></P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">ST-P’ ‘STICKY/ADHESIVE MATERIAL’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. sticky substance or material; to stick/be mired in</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. adhesive substance material; adhere/stick (via adhesive)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. goo / ooze / slime</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. glue / liquid adhesive</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. sap / resin</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. cement / mortar / grout</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to organic-based substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to non-organic or synthetic substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to organic-based substance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to non-organic or synthetic substance</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG>CLASS 10 ROOTS: relational concepts, identity, associations</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">L-C’ ‘SIMILARITY/SAMENESS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. similar(ity) to oneself (on another occasion)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. same (= selfsame)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. similar(ity) to (an)other entity/instance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. same (= identical to (an)other entity/instance)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. remind (one) of / reminder</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. same (= copy/replacement)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on appearance or superficial impression</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on function, purpose or behavior</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on identity or appearance</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on function, purpose or behavior</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">M-C’ ‘VALUE/WORTH/PRICE/COST’<BR>
(Often used in conjunction with various Quantifying and Modulative affixes from Sections 7.7.6 and 7.7.7 to show relative degree of value within context)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. be valuable/worthwhile, have value/worth [in terms of usefulness, convenience, efficacy, service, applicability]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. cost appraisal, assessment, estimate, quote</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. be valuable/worthwhile, have value/worth [in terms of personal desire or emotional attachment]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. cost, expense, expenditure [what is (to be) given up or released in exchange for something, either a commercial or non-commercial context]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. be valuable/worthwhile, have value/worth [in terms of financial benefit or gain, profit, or remuneratively]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. rate (of payment); formula/terms for determining payment</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on intrinsic value</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on actual value (i.e., degree to which the intrinsic value can actually be utilized, consumed or manifested)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ reference to cost quoted or agreed to </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ reference to actual payment</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD Derivatives for FORMAL Stem 2: 1) fee/toll or service charge 2) tithe 3) duty/tariff/levy 4) ransom 5) tax 6) dues 7) wage(s) 8) fare 9) price/charge [in money or legal tender]</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" height="25" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">T-C’ ‘POSSESSION / OWNERSHIP’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. have/possess; possession (temporary/circumstantial and alienable – e.g., a library book in one’s hand)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. have/possess/own; possession, piece of property (alienable but quasi-permanent by law/right and in one’s immediate possession-, e.g., a hat I bought and am wearing)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. have/possess; possession (circumstantial and affective + (quasi-) inalienable, either permanent or temporary – e.g., a medical condition, an office at work I occupy, a seat at a cinema showing)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. have/possess/own; possession, piece of property (alienable but quasi-permanent by law/right, not necessarily in one’s immediate possession -, e.g., a hat I bought/own but am not necessarily wearing)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. have/possess; possession (genetic, intrinsic and inalienable, but not considered property – e.g., a sibling, a child, a limb, a memory)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. have/possess/own; possession, piece of property (quasi-permanent and legally inalienable except through formal/legal separation process – e.g., a house I own, a pet dog I registered</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to act/state of possession</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to thing possessed</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to act/state of possession/ownership</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to thing owned; piece of property</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG>CLASS 11 ROOTS: concepts relating to order, arrangement, configuration</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">F-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS (ORNAMENTAL/SPECIALIZED)’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. tower</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. window opening</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. dome</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. doorway</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. spire/steeple</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. balcony/terrace</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to physical shape/form</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to physical shape/form</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center">M-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘CONTAIN / HOLD / CONTENTS’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. contain(ment) via gravity (e.g., basin) + contents</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P>Same as INFORMAL stems but in quasi-permanent context or by intrinsic nature as opposed to the INFORMAL stems which convey an incidental or circumstantial context</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. contain(ment) via enclosure / surrounding conveyance + contents</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. contain(ment) via imbuement / as ingredient; to “carry” [as integrated component or ingredient] + contents</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to contents</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the container</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>The -V1t’ affix provides the following distinctions: 1) bottle 2) jar/pot 3) barrel/cask 4) bin 5) vat / tub / basin [distinguished via SIZ affix] 6) can/tin 7) piece of furniture 8) purse/bag/satchel/pack 9) case/trunk</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> - ‘TEXTURE/TACTILE SENSATION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. texture, tactile sensation (tactile sensation + physical-emotional reaction)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. act/process to render (an object/entity having) a particular texture (tactile sensation + physical-emotional reaction)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. material impact/benefit/effect of a particular texture to the object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. psychological or emotional impact/benefit/effect of a particular texture to the object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. material impact/benefit/effect of having a particular texture to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that texture</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. psychological or emotional impact/benefit/effect of having a particular texture to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that texture</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. object having a particular texture</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. the texture itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. act/process designed to render a certain texture</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. actual results of an act or process to render a certain texture</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. assumed, expected, potential, or theoretical material impact, benefit, effect of a particular texture to the object/entity having that texture</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. actual material impact, benefit, effect of a particular texture to the object/entity having that texture</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. assumed, expected, potential, or theoretical psychological or emotional impact, benefit, effect of a particular texture to the entity having that texture</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. actual psychological or emotional impact, benefit, effect of a particular texture to the entity having that texture</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. assumed, expected, potential, or theoretical material impact/benefit of a particular texture to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that texture</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. actual material impact/benefit of a particular consistency to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. assumed, expected, potential, or theoretical psychological or emotional impact/effect of a particular texture to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that texture</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. actual psychological or emotional impact/effect of a particular texture to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that texture</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD suffix specifies reaction: sensuous, delightful/fun, soothing, as-expected, surprising/positive, surprising/negative, annoying/irritating, painful</P>
<P>ROOTS BELOW ARE MODELED LIKE THE ABOVE; OFTEN USED WITH DEGREE/EXTENT AFFIX</P>
<P>P-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> gummy<BR>
T-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> chewy<BR>
PL-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> slimy<BR>
T-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> sticky<BR>
Ķ-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> prickly<BR>
TL-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> burning, heat conductive<BR>
Ķ-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> tingly<BR>
K-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> soft like fur<BR>
KL-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> soft like a cushion<BR>
Q-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> liquidy<BR>
Q-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> lumpy<BR>
FL-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> cartilaginous<BR>
F-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> viscous<BR>
M-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> rough (like sandpaper)<BR>
ŢL-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> coarse (like handling gravel)<BR>
Ţ-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> powdery<BR>
N-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> gritty (like fine sand)<BR>
XL-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> grainy/granular <BR>
Ç-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> mushy <BR>
L-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> slushy<BR>
PS-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> gooey<BR>
X-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> slippery<BR>
Ņ-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ice-cold, numbing cold<BR>
KS-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> numbing (= loss of sensation)<BR>
<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> “pins & needles” sensation<BR>
H-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> needle-like sharpness (e.g., a cactus)<BR>
PŠ-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> bristly<BR>
S-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> feathery<BR>
PS-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> wispy/wafting<BR>
KŠ-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> “cobwebby”/like cotton-candy<BR>
M-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> curvaceous/sensual (= soft/smooth/squeezable/rounded)<BR>
PŞ-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> rubbery<BR>
L-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> hard + semi-smooth (like wood)<BR>
N-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> hard + natural mix of smooth/rough (like a rock)<BR>
PL-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> complexly textured + hard/honeycombed (like handling a pine cone)<BR>
R-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> metallic<BR>
L-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> plastic-like<BR>
Ŗ-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> papery<BR>
TL-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> sponge-like<BR>
Ņ-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> downy<BR>
KL-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> woolly<BR>
Ļ-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> fluffy/puffy/airy<BR>
H-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> hairy<BR>
FL-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> dusty<BR>
XL-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> soggy/waterlogged</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘CONSISTENCY/MALLEABILITY/FLEXIBILITY/PLASTICITY/RHEOLOGICAL PHENOMENON’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. consistency, degree of malleability/flexibility/ plasticity</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. act/process to render (an object having) a certain consistency or degree of malleability / flexibility / plasticity</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. material impact/benefit/effect of a particular consistency to the object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. psychological or emotional impact/benefit/effect of a particular consistency to the object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. material impact/benefit/effect of having a particular consistency to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. psychological or emotional impact/benefit/effect of having a particular consistency to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. object having a particular consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. the consistency itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. act/process designed to render a certain consistency or degree of malleability/plasticity</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. actual results of an act or process to render a certain consistency or degree of malleability/plasticity</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. assumed, expected, potential, or theoretical material impact, benefit, effect of a particular consistency to the object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. actual material impact, benefit, effect of a particular consistency to the object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. assumed, expected, potential, or theoretical psychological or emotional impact, benefit, effect of a particular consistency to the entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. actual psychological or emotional impact, benefit, effect of a particular consistency to the entity having that consistency</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. assumed, expected, potential, or theoretical material impact/benefit of a particular consistency to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. actual material impact/benefit of a particular consistency to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. assumed, expected, potential, or theoretical psychological or emotional impact/effect of a particular consistency to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. actual psychological or emotional impact/effect of a particular consistency to consumer/user/owner of object/entity having that consistency</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>THE STEMS OF THE ROOTS BELOW ARE MODELED ON THE SAME STRUCTURE AS THE ABOVE ROOT; THESE ROOTS USE THE EXTENT/DEGREE SUFFIX TO SPECIFY THE POINT ON A SPECTRUM BETWEEN TWO EXTREMES AS INDICATED<BR>
Ċ-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> suppleness/pliancy/flexibility/ductility/bendability <--> stiffness/rigidity<BR>
T-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> squeezability/compressability <--> stiffness/rigidity<BR>
R-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> sponginess <--> stiffness/rigidity<BR>
X-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> elasticity <--> stiffness/rigidity<BR>
K-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> springiness/spring <--> inertness/immobility<BR>
XL-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> jiggliness <--> inertness/immobility<BR>
Ç-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> limpness/flaccidity <--> stiffness/rigidity<BR>
Ķ-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> buoyancy<BR>
FL-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> bounce/recoil <--> inertness/immobility<BR>
Ţ-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> brittleness <--> resiliency<BR>
Š-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> flimsiness/fragility <--> resiliency/strength<BR>
KL-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> flabbiness <--> cohesiveness / compactness<BR>
F-Ċ<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> tendency to disintegrate/crumble/fall apart <--> coherence/cohesiveness/compositional integrity<BR>
S-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> spreadability<BR>
PL-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> deformability / “dentability”</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">Q-Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘GEOGRAPHICAL/GEOPOLITICAL ELEMENTS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. geographical feature or element</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. geopolitical feature or element</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. geographical area / “land”</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. geopolitical area / “land” or “country”</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. natural piece of territory</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. (piece of) property</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on geophysical feature or element</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus as natural habitat</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus as political entity</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on political boundaries/borders</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">TL-C<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS/FORMS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. column/pillar</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. strut/buttress</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. “side”/wall (external)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. partition</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. floor [= base/ground]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. roof</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to physical shape/form</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to physical shape/form</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to function/purpose</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">X- Č<IMG src="assets/aspiration-h.gif" alt="aspiration" width="4" height="17"> ‘MAKE/CONSTRUCT/INTEGRATE/FORM’<BR>
(NOTE: This root does not refer to ‘make/create’ meaning ‘emit/secrete/produce’as in ‘make noise’ or ‘make milk’, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. make/construct/create (non-mechanical) [= construct via integration of material resources]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. mechanically construct / build from a design</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. to form/fashion/mix (non-mechanical) [= combine ingredients/parts to form]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. integrate parts / integration of parts</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. integrate/organize (non-mechanical)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. machine / mechanical device</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on effort/work involved</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the result or product</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on effort/work involved</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the result or product</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">NOTE: The above meanings represent these stems as used in conjunction with the COMPLETIVE (CPT) version. Their default PROCESSUAL (PCT) counterparts would translate as ‘plan (to)’, ‘design’, etc.<BR>
Derivations: cobble together, rig, system, conspire</FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> </P>
<P><BR>
<STRONG>CLASS 12 ROOTS: socially or externally-induced affectations</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT size="-1"><STRONG>L</STRONG></FONT><STRONG>-</STRONG><STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><STRONG><IMG src="assets/Qv.gif" alt="q + hacek" width="10" height="18" align="absmiddle"></STRONG></FONT></STRONG> ‘MUSIC’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. musical note or tone / produce [i.e., play] musical note or tone [sound + its playing]</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>Same as INFORMAL stems except that they apply to the production of song, i.e., vocal music or for voice with musical accompaniment</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. consciously select musical note [for purpose of composition] + sound of note</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. a musical beat or measure [sound + its playing]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. sound of musical note or tone</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. producing/playing of musical note or tone</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. sound of selected musical note</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. conscious selection of musical note [for purpose of composition]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. sound of a musical beat or measure</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. production/playing of a musical beat or measure</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: piece of music, melody, music [abstract concept], composition, musical instrument, musician, composer, rhythm, band, orchestra, song</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000" size="-1"><STRONG>N</STRONG></FONT><FONT color="#000000"><STRONG>-<FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x + cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG>’ ‘GOODWILL/FRIENDLINESS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. being nice [= emotional/spiritual/physical support of another’s interests]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. good samaritanship, going out of the way to help</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. goodwill, benevolent intent, kind(ness)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. peace / fellowship</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. amicability / friendliness</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. friendship (unidirectional)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act(ions) or behavior</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on emotion or feeling</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act(ions) or behavior</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on emotion or feeling</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Derivations: altruism, being friends, affable</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">P-X’ ‘CELEBRATORY ACT/ CEREMONIAL RITE’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. act of jubilation (as manifestation of personal joy, contentment, freedom, self-indulgence, etc.) [both act + cause/reason]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. solemn act of commemoration/memorial</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. act of celebration (in positive recognition of something) [both act + cause/reason]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. solemn act of recognition/acknowledgement</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. joyful or celebratory symbolic/ceremonial rite [both act + cause/reason]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. solemn symbolic/ceremonial rite</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to act itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to reason, cause or motive</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to act itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to reason, cause or motive</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: party, celebration, fête, festivities, ceremony</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000"><STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">q</FONT></STRONG>-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><STRONG><IMG src="assets/Qv.gif" alt="q + hacek" width="10" height="18" align="absmiddle"></STRONG></FONT></STRONG> ‘SALUTATION/GREETING/ACKNOWLEDGEMENT’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. acknowledge/demonstrate awareness of</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. greet(ings) / salutation(s)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. hail / get attention of / bring attention to</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. formal welcome or farewell</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. congratulate</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. socially introduce / to socially present</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on purpose or desired outcome</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on purpose or desired outcome</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD affix for FORMAL Stem Nos. 1 and 2 by degree: 1) bow upon arrival/introduction 2) shake hands upon arrival/introduction 3) wave hand or arm upon arrival/introduction/seeing 4)verbal salutation only upon arrival/introduction/seeing 5) words used in greeting/salutation/farewell 6) say goodbye 7) wave goodbye 8) shake hands upon farewell/leavetaking 9) bow upon farewell/leavetaking</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">T-X’ ‘REPUTE/NOTORIETY’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. repute/reputation</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. distinction/mark</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. public image/persona</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. degree of eminence [= power or influence]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. notoriety [= degree of renown/recognition by others]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. degree of prestige/status</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to perspective of person reputed</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to perspective of audience</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to perspective of person reputed</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to perspective of audience</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">This root is usually used in conjunction with the NOTORIETY affix.</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG>CLASS 13 ROOTS: personal affect, emotion, feelings, preferences</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Č-Ř ‘DEGREE OF FUN/MERRIMENT/JOVIALITY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. fun/ merriment; feel/be merry, have fun (both cause/source + feeling derived)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. be jovial/jocular/jolly; express/manifest joviality, jollity</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. frolic, skylark = aimless, innocent pursuit of fun and amusement (both cause/source + feeling derived)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. formal amusement (activity or cause + feeling derived), e.g., from/at party, fete, show, performance, etc.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. whim, impulsive moment for purpose of amusement</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. revel; an instance of revelry</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the cause</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the feeling of merriment derived</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the cause</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the feeeling of merriment/amusement derived</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>carouse, with wild abandon, spree, escapade, jaunt, romp, party, fete</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">F-Ř ‘HUMOR/WIT/JEST’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. something funny or humorous = comical</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. a jest or prank; make a jest or pull a prank = act or situation designed to evoke humor</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. something witty = subtlely and cleverly humorous</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. a joke; make a joke = communicated situation or message designed to evoke humor</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. something farcical = something humorous based in irony</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. something sardonic = double-edged humor based in sarcasm</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on the joke or source of humor </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on the humorous effect/impact</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on the joke or source of humor </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems but w/ focus on the humorous effect/impact</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD derivatives: pun, riddle</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000"><STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">h</FONT></STRONG>-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘LOVE/AFFECTION/EMOTIONAL BOND’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. act of affection / display of fondness or endearment</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. like / value as source of emotional fulfillment</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. familial/genetically-tied bond of love</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. love of country, heritage, race, etc.</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. romantic love</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. love of or emotional allegiance to abstract idea (e.g., freedom, life, wealth)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act or display</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the emotion/feeling itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act or display</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the emotion/feeling itself</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">Morphological Derivations: love, tenderness, infatuation, obsession, passion, passionate<BR>
SSD Derivatives from INFORMAL Stem 1: kiss, embrace, hug, hold hand, cuddle, caress, massage, pat, wink</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">L-Ř ‘ “HEART” / “ESSENCE” / VALUES ’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. metaphorical/psychological seat of one’s personality and emotions, i.e., “heart”, “soul”, mind</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. personal value(s)/ what one holds dearest or as most important</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. degree/depth of one’s emotions / “feelings” / experience a certain depth of emotion</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. personal virtues/ personality traits</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. essence; essential subjective/intangible qualities of an entity</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. personal principles</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to volitionally controllable aspect(s) thereof</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to non-volitional aspect(s) thereof</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to volitionally controllable aspect(s) thereof</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to non-volitional aspect(s) thereof</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">Derivations: personality</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">P- Ğ ‘EXPERIENCE / UNDERGO A STATE OR FEELING’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. non-volitional (i.e., affective) experience of a state/feeling/emotion; feel (an) emotion [state + content]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P>Same as INFORMAL stems except referring to a formal/institutionalized/symbolic expressions of the particular emotion.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. act or action caused by non-volitional experience of state or feeling</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. cause or causal circumstance for non-volitional state/feeling</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on process itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on experiential state/feeling itself</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>The stem patterns of the above root are applied to all of the following roots:<BR>
<FONT color="#000000">P-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘excitement/thrill’<BR>
Č-Ğ ‘agitation/disquietude’<BR>
ST-V ‘awe / be or feel impressed / humbleness in face of something’<BR>
N-Ř ‘depression / be or feel depressed’<BR>
T-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘eagerness / fervor / zeal’<BR>
Š-Ř ‘cordiality/benevolence’<BR>
X-Ğ ‘hysteria/loss of control’<BR>
SX-V ‘commitment/loyalty’ Derivations: ‘intransigence’, ‘stubbornness’<BR>
PŠ-Ř ‘tenderness/nuturing/caring’<BR>
Ķ-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘feel hurt/offended’<BR>
Ķ-Ř ‘spite’<BR>
K-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘stoicism/repression’<BR>
Ş-Ğ ‘nonchalance/indifference’ Derivations: ‘callousness’<BR>
Ţ-Ř ‘torpor/lethargy’ Derivations: ‘stupor’, ‘catatonia’<BR>
R-Ğ ‘numbness / emotional saturation’<BR>
Q-V ‘wonder/enthrallment’<BR>
C-V ‘inspiration / feeling of positive energy’<BR>
M-V ‘fear/fright’ <FONT color="#0000FF">Derivation: panic</FONT><BR>
H-V ‘uplift/inspiration (e.g., by beauty, art, music, etc.)<BR>
FL-Ğ ‘jollity/merriment/gayness’<BR>
M-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘feeling carefree / frivolity / relaxed’<BR>
ŠX-Ř ‘stress / feel pressured’<BR>
KŢ-Ř ‘worry / feel preoccupied’<BR>
ŠK-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘grief / sadness from loss’<BR>
KS-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘angst / weltschmertz’<BR>
</FONT>P-V ‘regret, repining, ruefulness’<BR>
T-Ř ‘woe, despair, desolation’<BR>
SL-V ‘sorrow, lamentation’<BR>
Q-Ř ‘wistfulness, bittersweetness’<BR>
X-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘bittersweet longing’ (Portuguese “saudade”)<BR>
T-V ‘anticipate (something positive); feeling of anticipation (for something positive)’<FONT color="#000000"><BR>
QŢ-V ‘feeling of surprise, revelation and self-growth upon discovering that achievement of long-awaited vengeance or vindication is hollow and meaningless due to personal maturation or present irrelevance of original circumstances’<BR>
XL-V ‘mix of humor and shame felt upon pulling joke on someone or at their expense but the target doesn’t “get it” or remains ignorant of the joke’</FONT><BR>
K-V serenity, peace of mind<BR>
T-Ğ schadenfreude; malicious glee at another’s (implicitly deserved) discomfort or inconvenience<BR>
KL-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> impatience due to feeling that time/resources being wasted<BR>
Ņ-Ř bother, annoyance (based on displeasure at or disagreement with external circumstances)<BR>
Ķ-V bother, annoyance at self due to one’s own actions/behavior<BR>
K-Ğ feeling of disappointment at being letdown by another<BR>
TL-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> feeling of disappointment/let-down at one’s own actions/behavior<BR>
Ċ -Ř anticipate a negative; dread<BR>
Ċ-V feeling of emotional maturity/superiority; feeling “above it all”<BR>
Ķ -Ğ feeling of surprise, revelation and self-growth upon discovering that one can get past, and need not succumb to, feelings of defensiveness or “victimhood” upon being criticized, maligned, slandered, or disrespected<BR>
Č-V achievement of zen-like enlightenment through meditation<BR>
Q-Ğ meditative bliss<BR>
Ņ-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> post-orgasmic/post-coital bliss; “afterglow”<BR>
C-Ř feeling of being “on edge”; at cusp of loss-of-control or loss of one’s actions/inhibitions<BR>
F-V being ultra-alert with senses heightened<BR>
M-Ğ ecstatic/euphoric feeling of joie-de-vivre<BR>
L-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> feeling of inherent “connection” to or oneness with the universe through space and time<BR>
Ç-Ř feeling of puzzlement and curiosity, a desire to solve a mystery<BR>
Ţ-V feeling of piquancy, stimulated curiosity, a desire for a new experience<BR>
N-Ğ feeling of “devilishness” and spontaneous non-conformity<BR>
Ş-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> feeling flustered at not knowing how to react or what to think<BR>
M-Ř embarrassment due to social faux pas, behavioral misstep, or others seeing through one’s façade or airs<BR>
Ç-V embarrassment at being unable to perform a task or activity as expected<BR>
L-Ğ humiliation<BR>
N-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> poignancy, “aaaaw” reaction to irresistable cuteness<BR>
R-Ř material lust, avarice, greed (for sexual lust see root H-Z ŠŬ-)<BR>
S-V shock, reeling (e.g., from bad news or an unexpected discovery)<BR>
Ņ-Ğ swooning, feeling of faintness due to emotional overload<BR>
S-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> repugnance, repellant feeling, disgust<BR>
H-Ř discomfiture at having been socially snubbed or at being ill-prepared for a situation after believing that one was accepted or was well-prepared<BR>
Š-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> solace, comfort in the face of sadness/grief</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">P-Ř ‘AFFECTIVE/NON-VOLITIONAL MENTAL STATE/PROCESS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. mood; be in a mood</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. rationalization; rationalize</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. instinct; act/behave on instinct [state + content]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. delusion; (be) delude(d)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. psychic phenomenon, altered state of consciousness</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. dream [state + content]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to state or process itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to content thereof</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to state or process itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to content thereof</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD Derivatives for Stem 3: 1) “high”, under-the-influence of a psycho-active substance 2) hallucination; hallucinate, (observe) apparition 3) trance 4) instance of telepathy 5) (experience) premonition/vision 6) synaesthetic experience 7) sensory illusion 8) out-of-body experience 9) state of prescience/clairvoyance</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Q-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/d-cedilla.gif" alt="d + cedilla" width="12" height="17" align="absbottom"></FONT></STRONG> ‘DEGREE OF PLEASURE/FULFILLMENT/SATISFACTION/HAPPINESS’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. degree of physical/sensual pleasure [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. degree of spiritual/value-based/philosophically-oriented pleasure/contentment [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. degree of emotional/psychological contentment/pleasure [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. degree of happiness <BR>
(spiritual/value-based/philosophically-oriented) [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. degree of physical satisfaction/satiety [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. degree of emotional/psychological satisfaction and fulfillment [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to the affective state/feeling/experience itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to the cause or causal context, e.g., ‘a pleasant visit’ or ‘a satisfying meal’</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to the affective state/feeling/experience itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to the cause or causal context, e.g., ‘a happy home’ or ‘a fulfilling job’</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Derivations: gratify/gratification, satiety, ecstasy, joy</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">S-Ř ‘PRIDE/EGO/RESPECT’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. feel proud (of oneself); feeling of pride (in oneself)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. self-esteem</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. feel proud (of someone); feeling of pride (of someone)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. respect/admiration</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. one’s feelings/sensibilities (e.g., to hurt one’s feelings)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. ego/sense of self-identity; to sense (some)one’s ego / to gain an impression of someone’s self-identity</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the cause</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the feeling</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the cause</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the feeling</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological Derivatives: arrogance/arrogant, haughtiness/haughty, pomposity/pompous, put on airs, vainglorious; magisterial/imperious</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">X-V ‘DEGREE OF PAIN/LOSS/DISSATISFACTION/MISERY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. degree of physical pain [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. degree of spiritual/value-based/philosophically-oriented displeasure/discontent [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. degree of emotional/psychological discontent/pain [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. degree of unhappiness/misery<BR>
(spiritual/value-based/philosophically-oriented) [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. degree of physical dissatisfaction/lack [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. degree of emotional/psychological dissatisfaction and loss/lack [both feeling and cause]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to the affective state/feeling/experience itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to the cause or causal context, e.g., ‘an unpleasant visit’ or ‘a terrible meal’</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to the affective state/feeling/experience itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to the cause or causal context, e.g., ‘an unhappy home’ or ‘a miserable job’</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BR>
<STRONG>CLASS 14 ROOTS: concepts of intersocial volition and personal relations</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">F-Z ‘ATTRACTION</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. feel/be attracted to (physical attraction to other person)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. feel/be attracted/drawn to (emotional-philosophical attraction to inanimate thing or abstraction, e.g., a political platform, buying a certain car, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. feel/be attractive (physical attraction to other person)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. be attractive/seductive (emotional-philosophical attraction to inanimate thing, idea or abstraction, e.g., a political platform, buying a certain car, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. act/gesture indicating or hinting of attraction to; “(give) clue/hint” (physical attraction to other person)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. “selling point” / a “pro” (vs. “con”)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to viewpoint of others</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to viewpoint of party feeling attraction</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to viewpoint of others</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to viewpoint of party feeling attraction</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL Derivations: seduce, seduction</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">H-Z ‘ROMANTIC AND/OR SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. state of sexual/romantic relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. significant other / boyfriend or girlfriend</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. erotic/sexual act; engage in a sexual/erotic activity</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. lover / sex partner</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. to date / to court; pursue romantic relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. dating partner</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. sexual/romantic relationship itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. emotional / hormonal basis underlying sexual relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. boyfriend</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. girlfriend</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. sexual/erotic act itself </FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. feeling of lust or other motive underlying sexual act</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. male lover</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. female lover</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. particular act involved in dating or courtship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. feeling of hope or long-term goal of monogamous relationship or marriage underlying pursuit of romantic relationship</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. male dating partner</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. female dating partner</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>MORPHOLOGICAL Derivations: h<FONT color="#000000">ave sex, make love, cheat, monogamous relationship</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">H-Ž ‘CONFLICT-BASED HOSTILITY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. hostility / anger / be angry [both emotion and display/actions]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. authoritative/official (i.e., police/military, etc.) use of force / act of aggression</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. threat(en) [reason for plus act]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. threat of official/authoritative use of force</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. defend oneself / defense [reason for plus act]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. official/authoritative defense</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. feeling of anger</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. show/display of anger</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. rationale/cause behind military agression</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. official/authoritative act of force/agression</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. cause/rationale for threat</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. effect of threat or being threatened</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. cause/rationale for official/authoritative/ military threat</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. effect of official/authoritative/ military threat or being threatened</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. situation/rationale for defensive act</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. defend / take defensive action</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. situation/rationale for official/authoritative/ military defensive act</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. defend / take official/authoritative/ military defensive action</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Derivations: peeved, conflict, intimidate, fight, battle, skirmish, military operation or campaign, war</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">K-Z ‘TRANSFER OF POSSESSION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. temporary, circumstantial, incidental direct transfer of possession (i.e., give / take)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. quasi-permanent or official transfer of possession (i.e., rendering/reception; render, receive)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. temporary, circumstantial, incidental indirect transfer (i.e., to leave for someone / to take based on discernment of availability)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. quasi-permanent or official transfer (i.e., bestowal or bequest/acquisition; bestow/acquire)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. temporary, circumstantial, incidental transfer over distance (i.e., to bring something / to leave with something)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. deliver/take ownership of</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. give, lend</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. take, borrow</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. donate; donation</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. receive; reception</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. leave (something for someone), make available</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. get, obtain</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. leave to heir</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. inherit; inheritance</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. thing given, gift (given)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. thing taken, gift (taken)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. bestow; bequest</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. acquire; acquisition</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIONS: procure(ment), requisition, accept (= willingly receive)</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">L-Z ‘MANAGE/GUIDANCE/COMPLIANCE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. guide / guideline + compliance</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. rule, precept + obedience</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. manage / direct + compliance</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. preside over / mete out law / govern + abidance</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. discipline + submission/obedience</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. moral guideline + personal rectitude</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. guide / guideline</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. follow guide / follow guideline</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. rule, precept</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. obey rule or precept</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. manage / direct</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. comply / follow direction(s)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. preside over / met out law / govern</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. abide by law / obey law</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. apply discipline</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. submit to discipline</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. moral guideline</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. personal rectitude</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: guidance, management, morality, law, president, ruler; set of rules, steer, administer, order, drive; oversee, custom, “norm”, authority</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">N-Z - ‘SOCIAL INTERRELATION/INTERACTION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. act/state of social interaction/interrelation + benefits, consequences, or implications thereof</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. expected/natural role of member of a relationship + benefits, consequences, or implications thereof</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. act/state of “dominant” or initiating partner in social interaction/relationship</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. expected/natural role of “dominant” or initiating partner of a relationship + benefits, consequences, or implications thereof</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. act/state of “passive” or secondary/complementary partner in social interaction/relationship</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. expected/natural role of “passive” or secondary or complementary partner of a relationship + benefits, consequences, or implications thereof</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems with focus on act/state of social interaction or interrelation itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on benefits, consequences, or implications of act/state of social interaction or interrelation </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems with focus on act/state of social interaction or interrelation itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on benefits, consequences, or implications of act/state of social interaction or interrelation </P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Note: The above root (and those immediately below) are likely to be used in conjunction with the various Valence categories (see Section XXX) to specify the exact nature of the relationship between the parties involved. Note also that, for relationships where the parties are acting in equivalent roles or positions of equal stature (i.e., no “dominant” vs. “passive” roles), use of Stems 2 and 3 above would be inapplicable.</P>
<P>THE STEMS OF THE FOLLOWING ROOTS DESCRIBING SPECIFIC TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS ARE STRUCTURED IDENTICALLY WITH THE ROOT ABOVE:<BR>
Ķ-Ž close loving friendship<BR>
<IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x-cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom">-Z business partnership<BR>
K-Ž marriage<BR>
M-Z, temporary or youthful romantic dalliance/lovers (with or without involving sex)<BR>
F-Ž sexual partners<BR>
N-Z, club members<BR>
Ţ-Ž fellow hobbyists or enthusiasts<BR>
L-Z, fan + celebrity<BR>
Ç-Ž sage + disciples<BR>
Ņ -Z “center of attention” + sycophants<BR>
X-Ž master/servant<BR>
Ķ-Z sibling relations<BR>
X,-Ž fellowship, “band of brothers”, fraternity, sorority, etc.<BR>
Ţ-Z members of secret society<BR>
S-Ž members of stigmatized/isolated/oppressed societal group<BR>
Ç-Z owner + pet<BR>
M-Ž co-workers/associates<BR>
PL-Z co-authors/creators of joint opus or artistic work<BR>
L-Ž autocrat or autarch + subjects<BR>
TL-Z official/agent of authority + supplicant/petitioner/applicant<BR>
Ņ-Ž interviewer/interrogator + interviewee<BR>
KL-Z seller + buyer<BR>
PL-Ž members of same religion or belief system<BR>
FL-Z members of holy order or spiritual fellowship<BR>
TL-Ž members of business/executive management<BR>
ŢL-Z strangers brought together by circumstances of the moment<BR>
KL-Ž romantic love relationship<BR>
XL-Z parent-child relationship<BR>
FL-Ž relationship between business associates<BR>
Ŗ-Z supervisor/boss + employee<BR>
ŢL-Ž partners or team members in sporting match or sporting activity<BR>
Ļ-Z adversaries or opposing team members in sporting match or sporting activity<BR>
XL-Ž socially adversarial based on social one-upmanship/ego gratification<BR>
<IMG src="assets/x-cedilla.gif" alt="x-cedilla" width="10" height="14" align="absbottom">-Z, socially adversarial based on enmity/hatred<BR>
PŢ-Ž relationship based on compulsion/threat<BR>
X-Z, adversarial based on a feud<BR>
KŢ -Ž adversarial based on jealousy/coveting of one’s situation<BR>
Ç-Z, adversarial based on material envy/coveting of one’s possessions<BR>
QŢ -Ž enmity based on revenge<BR>
Ţ-Z, adversarial based on anger/resentment<BR>
SL-Ž allies<BR>
F-Z, predator + prey<BR>
SP-Ž invader + invadee<BR>
Q-Z, co-participants in general activity<BR>
ST-Ž matchmaker + parties being matched<BR>
Ņ-Z member of couple being matched or “set up” with each other<BR>
SK-Ž lender + borrower<BR>
Ķ-Z, perpetrator + victim<BR>
SF-Ž traders/barterers<BR>
K-Z, lessor + lessee<BR>
SŢ-Ž creditor + debtor<BR>
T-Z, advisor + party seeking advise<BR>
SX-Ž warring parties<BR>
P-Z, entertainer/emcee + audience<BR>
R-Ž speaker/speechmaker/presenter + audience</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">N-Ž ‘MARITAL/SPOUSAL RELATIONSHIP’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. state of marriage / marital state / state of being married</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. spouse</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. act of infidelity / extramarital liaison / to be unfaithful / to betray spouse</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. extramarital sex partner / mistress or gigolo</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. betrothal / engagement; be betrothed, be engaged</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. fiancé(e) / being a fiancé(e)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000"></FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. formal/legal state of marriage</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. emotional bond of love/fidelity underlying marriage</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. husband</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. wife</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. physical act of infidelity/betrayal</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. breaking of emotional bond underlying marriage</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. gigolo, kept man (male equivalent of mistress)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. mistress</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. formal/legal status of being betrothed/engaged</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. emotional bond of love/fealty underlying betrothal/engagement</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. fiancé</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. fiancée</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<P><FONT color="#000000">MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES: wed, wedded, marry, get married, marriage, wedding ceremony, cuckold (male or female)</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-Z ‘EXCHANGE/PURCHASE’ <BR>
Note: The stems below are generally used in conjunction with PROCESSUAL versus COMPLETIVE version (See Secs. 5.3.1 and 5.3.2) in order to distinguish an offer of exchange from a completed exchange. Alternately, the distinction between MONOACTIVE and COMPLEMENTARY valence (Sec. 5.2) can be used for the same purpose.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. exchange / swap</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. act of trade / act of barter</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. substitute / transpose / interchange</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. purchase / commercial transaction; buy(ing) and sell(ing)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. change out / supplant / replace</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. invest(ment)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. exchange (focus on entity given)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. exchange (focus on entity taken)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. to trade for / acquire through trade; act of acquiring via trade</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. to trade away / give up through trade; act of given away via trade</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. substitute / transpose / interchange (focus on entity substituted into new function/place)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. substitute / transpose / interchange (focus on entity substituted out of old function/place)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. buy; acquisition via purchase</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. sell; act of selling</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. change out / supplant / replace (focus on entity newly placed)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. change out / supplant / replace (focus on entity taken out of action)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. acquire via investment; act of acquisition via investment</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. release interest in / sell one’s investment</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: commercial venture, a purchase, acquisition via trade, acquisition via investment; purvey, goods, thing sold, market, warehouse, buyer, seller, agent, business</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-Ž - ‘MASTERY/AUTHORITY/SERVITUDE/OBEDIENCE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. act/state of mastery/ownership/overlordship + servitude/subservience/subjugation to that mastery</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. military command/office + obedience/following of orders</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. act/state of supervision or formal oversight + following of orders/instructions</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. lordship, class-based rule/oversight by noble right + recognition/submission to that rule</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. take charge of; act/state of leadership + following that leadership</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. formal authorization, appointed/elected authority / political authority; being official, being authorized + recognition/compliance with that authority</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. act/state of mastery, ownership, overlordship</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. servitude, subservience, subjugation to mastery or overlordship</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. military command/office</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. obedience/following of military orders</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. act/state of supervision or formal oversight</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. following of orders or instructions from super-visor/overseer</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. lordship, class-based rule/oversight by noble claim or “right”</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. recognition/submission to claim of noble rule</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. take charge of; act/state of leadership</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. follow/obey a leader</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. formal authorization, appointed/elected authority / political authority; being official, being authorized</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. recognition/compliance with appointed, elected, official/political authority</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological derivatives: boss, supervisor, master, owner, lord, commander, leader, person-in-charge, officer<BR>
SSD derivatives for Formal Stem 1: general, commodore, admiral, colonel, major, captain, lieutenant</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Q-Ž - ‘PSYCHOLOGICAL or PSYCHO-LINGUISTIC MANIPULATION/TREATMENT’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. to fool someone (into doing/believing something); state of being fooled</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. state of delusion (both state + content)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. to “play games” (with someone) = mentally manipulate via words/behavior/actions; state of being toyed with mentally</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. means of psychiatric treatment; component of psychotherapy</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. be mesmerized, entranced (by something)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. hypnotic state; be hypnotized</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to state or process itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to content thereof</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to state or process itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to content thereof</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Derivations: to delude, to hypnotize, to “do a number” on someone mentally, to entrance</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">R-Z ‘EFFORT/WORK’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. exert / expend energy</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. perform / operate / act / function</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. work / labor / effort</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. job task / employment-related task; perform job task</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. handiwork / craftsmanship</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. act of industry or enterprise</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to activity itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to result/product</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to activity itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems referring to result/product</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: strain, struggle, “fight”, toil, strenuous, persevere, operation, job, achievement, industry, enterprise, employment, employer, employee</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">T-Z ‘OCCUPANCY/RESIDENCY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. entity present + presence</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. tenant + domicile</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. occupant + place occupied</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. resident + residence</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. denizen + claimed property</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. citizen + property</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. entity present</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. presence of entity</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. tenant</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. domicile</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. occupant</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. place occupied</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. resident</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. residence</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. denizen</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. claimed property</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. citizen</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. property</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: dwelling, quarters, population, community, town, village, city, hamlet, county, geopolitical area, state/province, nation, geopolitical bloc<FONT color="#000000">; nest, lair, den</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">T-Ž ‘MANNERS/DECORUM/DIGNITY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. well-mannered, well-behaved; display a sense of manners </P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. decorum/cultural appropriateness; have/display a sense of decorum, politeness and civility</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. dignified; have/display a sense of dignity</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. courtly/stately/refined; stateliness</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. noble, distinguished, cultivated; have/display a noble, distinguished or cultivated air</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. aristocratic, well-bred; having/displaying a sense of aristocracy, nobility and breeding</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the cause</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the effect</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the cause</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the effect</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological derivatives: polite(ness); courtesy/courteous</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">X-Z ‘GRATITUDE/THANKFULNESS/PRAISE’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. thank(s) / offer gratitude due to unexpected favor or convenience performed</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. praise</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. thank(s) / offer gratitude due to being relieved/rescued from negative situation</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. gratefulness; feeling or manifestation of being beholden to someone or something [feeling is justified and an honor to be feeling]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. thank(s) / offer gratitude within ironic circumstances or merely as a courtesy, i.e., where expectation of thanks is for an unwanted, unnecessary, or purely symbolic act or required little or no effort on doer’s part</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. feeling or manifestation of being beholden or obliged to someone or something [feeling is resented and unwanted]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on intent to convey gratitude</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on actual display of gratitude</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on desire/intent to convey the feeling</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems with focus on actual display of the feeling</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIONS: worship, indebted(ness)</P>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BR>
<STRONG>CLASS 15 ROOTS: concepts relating to existence, state, occurrence, subjectiveness</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">K-R ‘APPEARANCE/SEMBLANCE/IMPRESSION’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. appear to be/seem/look as if/give (off) the impression of; appearance/semblance/impression</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. ostensible/ostensibly</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. on the face of it, on first blush</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. resemble, look like</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. on the surface/superficially/seemingly</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. façade, veneer</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on thing giving off the impression or appearance</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on affective impression to the observer</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on thing giving off the impression or appearance</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on affective impression to the observer</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">M-J ‘HAPPEN/OCCUR(ENCE)/MANIFEST/EVENT’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. happen / occur / take place / to “pass”</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. step / act / action</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. manifest / be or make real / reify</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. phenomenon</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. event (spacio-temporal context)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. incident</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on physical manifestation itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the effect or consequence</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on physical manifestation itself</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the effect or consequence</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">Various derivations from the above stems: turn out, situation, chain of events, doings, process, phase, deed, result(s), consequence(s)</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bordercolor="#D4D0C8">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">P-J ‘EXISTENCE/ONTOLOGY/METAPHYSICS’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. exist objectively; something that exists; be(ing) [both ontological and metaphysical]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="5" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as INFORMAL stems except in reference to epistemological context [i.e., in relation to knowledge/awareness of ontological or metaphysical existence]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. law of nature / existential axiom</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. natural/inherent</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to ontology / ontological aspect</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to metaphysics / metaphysical aspect</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">K- <IMG src="assets/z-bar.gif" alt="z-bar" width="9" height="11"> ‘TRANSCENDENCE / SPIRIT / RELIGION’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. one’s spirit or soul / transcendent “connection” to the universe</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. religious belief</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. universal oneness / metaphysical interconnectedness between all things</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. feeling of religious fervor or zeal</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. striving/quest for ultimate destiny/purpose/”Omega point”</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. striving/quest for salvation/redemption/enlightment (specific to particular religion)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to ontological nature</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to belief/faith therein</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to ontological nature</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">same as above 3 stems referring to belief/faith therein</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-R ‘APPEAR/MANIFEST/SHOW/EXHIBIT/DISPLAY’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. appear/manifest/show = be/make observable to the senses of others; manifestation, appearance</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. exhibit; display</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. expose; exposure</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. show off, flaunt</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. bring/call attention to = make others aware of the appearance/showing of something</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. announce; advertise</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act of manifestation/showing</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on thing manifested or shown</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act of exhibiting or display</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on thing exhibited or displayed</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological derivations: demonstrate, flourish, show off, display, spectacle, parade, promenade, procession, ostentation, gaudy, garish, pomp, pompous</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">SP-R ‘MANNERCONDUCT/BEHAVIOR/DEMEANOR’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. manner (= the way something or someone acts or behaves)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. method, the way something happens, course of action; conduct</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. guise, form; to take the form/guise of</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. behave/comport/conduct onself = outward display of one’s personality/thoughts/emotions/motives; behavior/conduct/deportment</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. practice/policy</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. bearing/carriage/demeanor</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the manner/form/practice itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the effect, impact or outcome</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the method or behavior itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the effect, impact or outcome</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological Derivatives: process, procedure, regimen, strategy</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">X-J ‘TEMPORARY ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. momentaneous or short-lived atmospheric phenomenon [physical occurrence + manifestation/effect]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. zone of high or low barometric pressure relative to surrounding pressure</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. flash of lightning + peal of thunder [electrical phenomenon + associated sound]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. cold or warm air front</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. cloud [in the sky]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. eye of a storm</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. momentaneous or short-lived atmospheric phenomenon [physical occurrence]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. manifestation/effect of momentaneous or short-lived atmospheric phenomenon </P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. low pressure zone</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. high pressure zone</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. flash of lightning</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. peal of thunder</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. cold air front</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. warm air front</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. cloud [in the sky] – physical occurrence</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. impact/effect of cloud [in the sky], e.g., its hiding of the sun, it causing zero visibility as a plane flies through it, etc.</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. eye of storm [physical occurrence]</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. short-lived calm/still conditions associated with the eye of a storm</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG>CLASS 16 ROOTS: concepts relating to individual volition and choice</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">C-H ‘PLAY/RECREATION/LEISURE’<BR>
(These stems are often used with the various Valence categories (Section 5.2) to specify the manner of participation)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. play/recreate/amuse oneself (activity + feeling of enjoyment derived) = self-involved activity, e.g., play w/ a toy, play hide-and-seek, etc.</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. play/recreate (activity + feeling of amusement/enjoyment derived) = formal rule-oriented activity, e.g., a board game, a sport, etc.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. element of participitory or self-involved leisure activity (activity + feeling of enjoyment/relaxation derived), e.g., a dance, a hike, fishing, camping</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. attend/view a formal entertainment (activity + feeling of enjoyment/diversion derived), e.g., view a show, live performance, movie, a sporting event, etc.)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. practice hobby or pastime (activity + feeling of enjoyment/relaxation derived)</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. engage in (a) sport activity (activity + feeling of competitive spirit) for motive of formal competition, e.g., victory-oriented</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the thing/activity being enjoyed, i.e., a toy, game or diversion</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the feeling of amusement/enjoyment derived</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the thing/activity being enjoyed</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the feeeling of amusement/enjoyment derived</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>SSD Derivatives:<BR>
sports, toys, traditional board games, participitory outdoor games</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Č-H ‘DEGREE OF WAKEFULNESS OR CONSCIOUSNESS’<BR>
Note: Stems from this root are used in conjunction with various degree indicator affixes such as the EXN, EXD and SUF affixes from Sec. 7.7.6 in order to distinguish which polarity (awake vs. asleep) is implied.</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. degree of consciousness or unconsciousness</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. degree of activity/vivaciousness/“energy”</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. degree of wakefulness or sleepiness</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. degree of dormancy or hibernation</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. degree of alertness/focus/attention/awareness or lack thereof</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. degree of personal intent/diligence/enterprise</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. capacity for or faculty of consciousness</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. object/entity/thought of which one is conscious</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. state of activity / vivaciousness / liveliness / energy</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. object of activity / vivaciousness / liveliness / energy</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. capacity for or faculty of wakefulness/sleepiness</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. that which stimulates awakening or lulls into sleep</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. state of dormancy/hibernation</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. object of dormancy/hibernation</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. capacity for or faculty of alertness/attention/awareness</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. that to or of which one is alert/attentive/aware</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. state of personal intent/diligence/enterprise</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. object of one’s intent/diligence/enterprise</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: sleepy, listless(ness), grogginess, “fresh”, unconscious, dull, inattentive, vigilant, to “stir”, frisky, ardent, eager, persevere, bustling, zeal</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-H ‘SEEK/SEARCH’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. search, seek, look for something unknown [i.e., location/existence uncertain]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. hunt, hunt for [i.e., location/existence uncertain]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. search, seek, look for something lost [i.e., something known to exist which is missing]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. pursue, track down [i.e., existence certain, location surmisable]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. inspect </P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. quest / seek to accomplish/achieve something</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ reference to search/quest itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ reference to thing being looked for or sought</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ reference to search/quest itself</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ reference to thing being looked for or sought</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological Derivations: find, scan, reconnoiter, ransack, pry, ferret out, winnow through, fulfill a quest</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">P-X ‘WANT/DESIRE/REQUEST’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. affective (i.e., unwilled) want/desire [emotion + object of desire]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. request [desire + thing requested]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. conscious desire based on need/lack/goal</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. need/lack/necessity + thing needed or lacking</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. hope/wish [feeling + thing wished/hoped for]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. ambition/goal/aspiration; aspire</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the feeling of desire</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the thing desired</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the feeling of desire/need</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems referring to the thing requested/needed</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: whim, fancy, inclination, appetite, “hunger”, greed, covet, propensity, aptness, eagerness, longing, crave, urge, passion, attract, tempt, persuade, allure, popularity, demand</P>
<P></P>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">Q-H - ‘HUNTING & GATHERING/PLANTING & HARVESTING/SUBSISTENCE FROM THE LAND’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. searching for and gathering/collection of plants, vegetable matter for purposes of sustenance </P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. plant/sow and harvest an annual crop</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. nomadic hunting/harvesting, subsistance-style nomadic sustenance [practices + products]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. plant/sow and harvest a permanent seasonal crop (e.g., vines, trees, bushes, etc.)</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. live off the land [hunting/gathering practice + product(s) derived]</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. manage crop(s) and practice animal husbandry [sowing/raising + reaping/product(s) derived]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the hunting or gathering process</P></TD>
<TD width="185" rowspan="3" valign="top"><P>Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the products hunted or gathered</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. till/plow & plant seeds or seedlings</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>1. harvest/reap an annual crop</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. raise/grow a permanent seasonal crop</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>2. harvest/reap a permanent seasonal crop</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. raise/grow crop(s) & manage domesticated food-producing animal(s)</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>3. harvest/reap crop products and process/collect animal products</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Morphological Derivations: to farm, a farm, practice agriculture</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">T-H ‘CHOICE/ALTERNTIVE’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. choose/choice [from open selection]</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. select/pick [from limited selection]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. prefer(ence)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. alternative/option</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. settle (for)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. vote [w/ CPT = elect]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act of choosing/preferring</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on choice or preference made</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on act of choosing/preferring</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems w/ focus on choice or preference made</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG>CLASS 17 ROOTS: temporal concepts</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="3" valign="top"><P align="center"><STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">k</FONT></STRONG>-<STRONG><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><IMG src="assets/Jv.gif" alt="j + hacek" width="9" height="20" align="absmiddle"></FONT></STRONG> ‘DAY/NIGHT’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD width="372" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. day [= 24-hour period]</P></TD>
<TD width="372" rowspan="7" valign="top"><P>same as for INFORMAL stems except applied to a particular date or scheduled day as in “my first day at work” or “Independence Day”</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. sky</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. degree of sunlight [use with EXN, EXD, SUF affixes, etc. from Sec. 7.7.6]</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="367" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>1. daytime</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>1. nighttime</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>2. daytime sky</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>2. nighttime sky</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P>3. daylight</P></TD>
<TD width="194" valign="top"><P>3. natural darkness</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>EXAMPLE MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIVES FROM THE ABOVE STEMS: dawn, sunrise, daybreak, evening, sunset, twilight, morning, evening, afternoon, mid-day, noontime, midnight, the “wee” hours [= Spanish ‘madrugada’]</P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">M-Ķ ‘TIME PERIOD/DURATION LESS THAN ONE DAY’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="346" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="394" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="346" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. moment/instant</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="394" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. ‘second’ [= basic unit of cyclic time, based on clapping of hands once together then once with back of hands together]</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="346" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. a ‘while’</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="394" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. ‘minute’ = 100 seconds</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="346" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. portion of a day</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="394" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. ‘hour’ = 100 minutes</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="346" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="394" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above three stems w/ focus on elapsed time</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above three stems w/ focus on time during which</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="173" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above three stems w/ focus on elapsed time</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="221" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above three stems w/ focus on time during which</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD affix used with FORMAL stems by degree: 1) 1/100 of time period 2) 1/10 3) ¼ 4) ½ 5) exactly/precisely 6) twice the duration 7) 4 times 8) 10 times 9) 100 times</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color="#000000">SSD affix used with INFORMAL Stem No. 3 by degree: 1) midnight to dawn period [Spanish ‘madrugada’] 2) dawn [use of CPT or TRM = ‘sunrise’] 3) early morning 4) morning 5) midday 6) afternoon [use of CPT or TRM = ‘sunset’] 7) twilight 8) evening 9) late night, from darkness till midnight</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color="#000000"><STRONG> </STRONG></FONT></P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center">N-Ķ ‘WAIT/AWAIT’</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">INFORMAL Stems</P></TD>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">FORMAL Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. wait (for), await; waiting, a wait</P></TD>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>1. vigil/a watch; be vigilant/watchful</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. expect; expectation; expected/impending</P></TD>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>2. foresee; foresight; prospective/foreseeable</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. predict; prediction</P></TD>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P>3. prognosticate, forecast</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
<TD colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the process</P></TD>
<TD width="184" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on what is awaited, expected, predicted</P></TD>
<TD width="186" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on the process</P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P>same as above 3 stems w/ focus on what is awaited, expected, predicted</P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">P-Ķ ‘TIME PERIOD/DURATION MORE THAN ONE DAY’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. expanse of time/period/duration more than 1 day</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. subjective long-term period/era</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. lunar period / month</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. geologic era</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. solar year</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. ‘lifetime’; timespan from beginning to end of something</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above three stems w/ focus on elapsed time</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above three stems w/ focus on time during which</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above three stems w/ focus on elapsed time</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above three stems w/ focus on time during which</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">Use of SSD affix give equivalents to ‘decade’, ‘century,’ ‘millenium’, etc.</FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD width="739" colspan="4" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">T-Ķ ‘SEASON’</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">INFORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">FORMAL Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. season, time of year</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">1. social behavior/custom associated with particular season (e.g., celebration, recreation, vacation, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. weather associated w/ particular season / seasonal weather</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">2. weather-determined practice/behavior/custom associated with particular season (e.g., migration, mating, nesting, hibernation, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. cyclic state/condition of flora/fauna associated with a particular season</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">3. practice/behavior/custom relating to maintenance/upkeep of crops, game and other material resources associated with a particular season (e.g., foraging, hunting, planting, harvest, storage, etc.)</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="370" colspan="2" valign="top"><P align="center"><FONT color="#000000">COMPLEMENTARY Stems</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to the timeframe itself relative to the greater annual cycle or calendar year</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to the context of the season itself irrespective of the greater annual cycle</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to the timeframe itself relative to the greater annual cycle or calendar year</FONT></P></TD>
<TD width="185" valign="top"><P><FONT color="#000000">Same as above 3 stems referring to the context of the season itself irrespective of the greater annual cycle</FONT></P></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><FONT color="#000000">THE ABOVE PATTERN IS APPLIED TO FOLLOWING ROOTS:</FONT><FONT color="#0000FF"><BR>
<FONT color="#000000">R-Ķ ‘SPRING’<BR>
L-Ķ ‘SUMMER’<BR>
S-Ķ ‘AUTUMN/FALL’<BR>
C -Ķ ‘WINTER’<BR>
PS-Ķ ‘TROPICAL RAINY SEASON’<BR>
TL-Ķ ‘TROPICAL DRY SEASON’</FONT></FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<TD width="37%" valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch5a-verbs.html">5a
Verb Morphology </A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="27%" valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch9-syntax.html">9
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<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-intro.html">Introduction</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch5b-verbs-contd.html">5b
Verb Morphology (continued)</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch10-lexicosemantics.html">10
Lexico-Semantics</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
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<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT size="2"></FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch1-phonology.html">1
Phonology</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch6-moreverbs.html">6
More Verb Morphology</A></FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD valign="top"><DIV align="left"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch11-script.html">11
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<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch2-morphophonology.html">2
Morpho-Phonology</A></FONT><FONT size="2"> </FONT></TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch7a-affixes.html">7a
Using Affixes </A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch12-numbers.html">12
The Number System</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
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<TD valign="top"><FONT size="2"> </FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch3-morphology.html">3
Basic Morphology</A></FONT></TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch7b-affixes-contd.html">7b
Using Affixes (continued) </A></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="assets/ithkuil-lexicon.html">The
Lexicon</A></FONT></FONT></TD>
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<TD valign="top"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A href="ithkuil-ch4-case.html">4
Case Morphology </A></FONT> </TD>
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Adjuncts</A></FONT></TD>
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