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<title>A Grammar of Ithkuil, a Constructed Philosophical Language</title>
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<h2 align="center" class="style2">Ithkuil: A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language<br />
<img src="images/masthead.jpg" width="465" height="50"></h2>
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<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style14"><a href="index.htm">Home</a></span></td>
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<td height="24"><a href="00_intro.html"><span class="style14">Introduction</span></a></td>
<td><a href="04_case.html"><span class="style14">4 Case Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="08_adjuncts.html"><span class="style14">8 Adjuncts</span></a></td>
<td><a href="12_numbers.htm"><span class="style14">12 The Number System</span></a></td>
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<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style14"><a href="faqs.html">FAQs</a></span></td>
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<td height="18"><a href="01_phonology.html"><span class="style14">1 Phonology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="05_verbs_1.html"><span class="style14">5 Verb Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="09_syntax.html"><span class="style14">9 Syntax</span></a></td>
<td><a href="abbreviations.html"><span class="style14">List of Abbreviations</span></a></td>
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<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style14"><a href="links.html">Links of Interest</a></span></td>
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<td height="18"><a href="02_morpho-phonology.html"><span class="style14">2 Morpho-Phonology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="06_verbs_2.html"><span class="style14">6 More Verb Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="10_lexico-semantics.html"><span class="style14">10 Lexico-Semantics</span></a></td>
<td><a href="lexicon.htm"><span class="style14">The Lexicon</span></a></td>
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<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style14"><a href="updates.htm">Updates / News</a></span></td>
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<td><a href="03_morphology.html"><span class="style14">3 Basic Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="07_suffixes.html"><span class="style14">7 </span><span class="style14">Suffixes</span></a></td>
<td><a href="11_script.htm"><span class="style14">11 The Writing System</span></a></td>
<td><span class="style15"><span class="style51"><a href="texts.html">Texts</a></span></span></td>
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<p align="left"> </p>
<p align="left"> </p>
<h2 align="center">Welcome<strong>!</strong><font size="+1"><span class="style2"><strong><br>
</strong></span></font></h2>
<p align="justify"><font size="+1"><br>
</font> <span class="style10">This website presents a comprehensive grammar of a constructed human language, <strong>Ithkuil</strong>. The original version of the language was posted to the Internet in January 2004. A variation on the language called Ilaksh, designed for easier pronunciation was posted in June 2007. These two versions of the language have now been replaced by a new, definitive (and final) version of the language as of July 2011.</span></p>
<p align="justify" class="style10">For those familiar with the history of artificial language construction, Ithkuil represents a cross between
an <em>a priori philosophical language</em> and a <em>logical language</em>.
It is by no means intended to function as a “natural” human language.
Ithkuil exists as an exercise in exploring how human languages <em>could</em> function,
not how human languages <em>do</em> function. </p>
<p align="justify" class="style10">While I enjoy the idea of inventing fictional languages which
mimic natural languages, it is not enough for me to add simply another language
to the thousands that already exist or have existed. For me, the greater goal
is to attempt the creation of what human beings, left to their own devices,
would never create naturally, but rather only by conscious effort — an idealized language whose aim is the highest possible degree of logic, efficiency,
detail, and accuracy in cognitive expression via spoken human language, while
minimizing the ambiguity, vagueness, illogic, redundancy, polysemy (multiple
meanings) and overall arbitrariness that is seemingly ubiquitous in natural
human language. This new version of Ithkuil represents the culmination of over thirty years
of personal effort toward creating such a language.</p>
<p align="justify" class="style10"><strong>Acknowledgements:</strong> I wish to thank all of those who have taken an interest in Ithkuil, including Stanislav Kozlovskiy, whose 2004 article “The Speed of Thought” brought Ithkuil to the attention of so many people in the Russian-speaking world. Спасибо, Стас! Thanks also to Lexa Samons for his hard work in translating the original Ithkuil site into Russian and to fellow linguist and conlanger David J. Peterson for bestowing upon Ithkuil the <a href="http://dedalvs.conlang.org/smileys/2008.html" target="_blank">2008 Smiley Award</a>. </p>
<br>
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<td width="65%"> </td>
<td width="35%"><span class="style12">—John Quijada</span></td>
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<p align="center" class="style10"><br>
<a href="http://dedalvs.conlang.org/smileys/2008.html" target="_blank"><img src="images/smiley_award.GIF" width="214" height="80"></a></p>
<blockquote>
<div align="right"><a href="00_intro.html" class="style10"><strong>Proceed to Introduction>></strong></a><font size="+1"><br>
</font></div>
</blockquote>
<a name="booklink"></a><br>
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<td width="23%"><p class="style3"><span class="style15"></span></p></td>
<td width="20%"><span class="style15"></span></td>
<td width="20%"><span class="style15"></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style14"><a href="index.htm">Home</a></span></td>
<td><span class="style15"></span></td>
<td height="24"><a href="00_intro.html"><span class="style14">Introduction</span></a></td>
<td><a href="04_case.html"><span class="style14">4 Case Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="08_adjuncts.html"><span class="style14">8 Adjuncts</span></a></td>
<td><a href="12_numbers.htm"><span class="style14">12 The Number System</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style14"><a href="faqs.html">FAQs</a></span></td>
<td><span class="style15"></span></td>
<td height="18"><a href="01_phonology.html"><span class="style14">1 Phonology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="05_verbs_1.html"><span class="style14">5 Verb Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="09_syntax.html"><span class="style14">9 Syntax</span></a></td>
<td><a href="abbreviations.html"><span class="style14">List of Abbreviations</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style14"><a href="links.html">Links of Interest</a></span></td>
<td><span class="style15"></span></td>
<td height="18"><a href="02_morpho-phonology.html"><span class="style14">2 Morpho-Phonology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="06_verbs_2.html"><span class="style14">6 More Verb Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="10_lexico-semantics.html"><span class="style14">10 Lexico-Semantics</span></a></td>
<td><a href="lexicon.htm"><span class="style14">The Lexicon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style14"><a href="updates.htm">Updates / News</a></span></td>
<td><span class="style15"></span></td>
<td><a href="03_morphology.html"><span class="style14">3 Basic Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="07_suffixes.html"><span class="style14">7 </span><span class="style14">Suffixes</span></a></td>
<td><a href="11_script.htm"><span class="style14">11 The Writing System</span></a></td>
<td><span class="style15"><span class="style51"><a href="texts.html">Texts</a></span></span></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="98%" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="18%" height="219"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/john-quijada/a-grammar-of-the-ithkuil-language/paperback/product-18708279.html" target="_blank"><img src="images/front_cover-small.png" alt="Cover of Ithkuil Grammar book" width="164" height="212" border="0" /></a></td>
<td width="66%" valign="top"><p class="style7"> </p>
<p class="style10">For those who would like a copy of the Ithkuil Grammar<br />
in book form, <a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/john-quijada/a-grammar-of-the-ithkuil-language/paperback/product-18708279.html" target="_blank">it is now available!</a> </p>
<p align="right" class="style10">And while you’re at it, you can check out the novel I co-<br />
wrote with my twin brother Paul, <a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/john-paul-quijada/beyond-antimony/paperback/product-18831117.html" target="_blank">also now available!</a> </p>
<p align="right"><span class="style10">(It’s a political thriller/science fiction story that explores the<br />
philosophical implications of quantum physics, and features<br />
Ithkuil as a “para-linguistic” interface to a quantum computer.)</span></p></td>
<td width="16%" valign="middle"><p class="style7"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/john-paul-quijada/beyond-antimony/paperback/product-18831117.html" target="_blank"><img src="images/front_cover-novel.png" alt="Cover of "Beyond Antimony" by John & Paul Quijada" width="149" height="217" border="0" align="top" /></a></p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<blockquote>
<p align="justify"></p>
</blockquote>
<p align="left"><br>
©2004-2011 by John Quijada. You may copy or excerpt any portion of the contents of this website for private, individual, or personal use which is non-commercial in nature and not for purposes of profit. Otherwise, you may copy or excerpt brief portions of the contents of this website in published, web-accessible, or commercially distributed articles, papers or webpages for purposes of review, commentary or analysis, provided you give full attribution to the author and this website. </p>
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