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<title>A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 7: Suffixes</title>
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<h2 align="center" class="style2">Ithkuil: A Philosophical Design for a Hypotheticalhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ Language<br />
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<td height="24"><a href="00_intro.html"><span class="style25">Introduction</span></a></td>
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<td height="18"><a href="0https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/1_phonology.html"><span class="style25">1 Phonology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="05https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/_verbs_1.html"><span class="style25">5 Verb Morphology</span></a></td>
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<td heighttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ht="18"><a href="02_morpho-phonology.html"><span class="style25">2 Morpho-Phonology</span>https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/</a></td>
<td><a href="06_verbs_2.html"><span class="style25">6 More Verb Mohttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/rphology</span></a></td>
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<td><a href="03_morpholhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ogy.html"><span class="style25">3 Basic Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="07_suffixeshttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/.html"><span class="style25">7 Suffixes</span></a></td>
<td><a href="11_script.htm"><span class="https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/style25">11 The Writing System</span></a></td>
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<h2 align="center">Chindex.html/h2>
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<td whttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/idth="25%"><a href="#Sec7o1">7.1 VxC Suffixes </a> </td>
<td width="2%"> </td>
<td><a href="#Sec7o3">https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/7.3 Special Use of V<sub>3</sub>C Suffixes</a> </td>
<td width="3%"> </td>
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<tr>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td><a href="#Sec7o2">7.2 Suffix-Types </a> </td>
<td> </td>
<td><a href="#Sec7o4">7.4 List of Suffixes</a></td>
<td> <https://web.archive.org/td>
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<p align="justify" class="style24"><br />
As we have seen in https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/previous chapters, Ithkuil, like most languages, employs affixes (including both prefixes, suffixes, and
infixes) in its morphology. However, one type of affix tohttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ the formative, the <strong>Vx+C</strong> suffix from Slot XI, operates inhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ a manner warranting separate analysis. This chapter describes the morpho-phonological structure of these <strong>Vx+C</strong> suffixes (how they are
formed from consonants and vowels), as well as their function.<br />
<br />
</p>
<table width="982" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="70" height="31" valign="top"><div align="center">I</div></td>
<td width="59" valign="top"><div align="center">II</div></td>
<td width="61" valign="top"><div align="center">III</div></td>
<td width="54" valign="top"><div align="center">IV</div></td>
<td width="85" valign="top"><div align="center">V</div></td>
<td width="142" valign="top"><div align="center">VI</div></td>
<td width="30" valign="top"><div align="center">VII</div></td>
<td width="28" valign="top"><div align="center">VIII</div></td>
<td width="60" valign="top"><div align="center">IX</div></td>
<td width="104" valign="top"><div align="center">X</div></td>
<td width="36" valign="top"><div align="center">XI</div></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><div align="center">XII</div></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><div align="center">XIII</div></td>
<td width="46" valign="top"><div align="center">XIV</div></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><div align="center">XV</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="51" valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong><font color="#999999">(((Cv)</font></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong><font color="#999999">V<span class="style33">L)</span></font></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong><font color="#999999">Cg/Cs)</font></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong>Vr</strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong><font color="#999999">(Cx/Cv</font></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong><font color="#999999">Vp/V<span class="style33">L<strong><font color="#999999">)</font></strong></span></font></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong>Cr</strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong>V<span class="style27">c</span></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong><strong><font color="#999999">Ci +<strong><strong><font color="#999999">Vi</font></strong></strong></font></strong></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong>Ca</strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong><font color="#999999">VxC</font></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong><font color="#999999">(Vf</font></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong><font color="#999999"> (’Cb))</font></strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong>[tone]</strong></div></td>
<td valign="middle"><div align="center" class="style24"><strong>[stress]</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="105" valign="top"><p align="center" class="style33"> Phase +<br />
Sanction<br />
(+ Illocution)</p></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Valence</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Validation<br />
OR<br />
Aspect<br />
(+ Mood)</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Pattern +<br />
Stem +<br />
Function</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Incorp.Root<br />
OR<br />
Phase + Sanction<br />
(+ Illocution)</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Pattern + Stem + Designation of Incorp. Root<br />
OR<br />
Valence</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Root</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Case</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Illocution +<br />
Mood +<br />
Polarity</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Essence +<br />
Extension +<br />
Perspective +<br />
Configuration + Affiliation</div></td>
<td valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><div align="center" class="style26 style33"><strong>Deriv.<br />
Suffix</strong></div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Context + Format</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Bias</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Version</div></td>
<td valign="top"><div align="center" class="style33">Designa-<br />
tion + Relation</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify" class="style24"> </p>
<p align="justify" class="style24"><span class="style26"><a name="Sec7o1" id="Sec7o1"></a></span></p>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td height="20" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><div><strong>7.1 VxC SUFFIXES</strong></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify" class="style24"> All Ithkuil affixes we have analyzed up to this point, whether prefixes or infixes, have consisted of either a single vocalic form (i.e., a single vowel, a diphthong, or a dyssyllabic vocalic conjunct), or a single consonantal form (i.e., a single consonant, a geminated consonant, or a consonant cluster), each of which has been invariable in its form. Furthermore, we have found that only one such affix can occupy its given slot in the formative’s structure. </p>
<p align="justify" class="style24">However, the <strong>VxC</strong> suffix from Slot XI is different in three respects: (1) it is comprised of both a vowel form and a consonantal form, (2) the vocalic portion of the suffix can mutate, and (3) more than one <strong>VxC</strong> suffix can occupy Slot XI in the formative (i.e., <strong>VxC</strong> suffixes can be strung together sequentially one after the other).</p>
<h2 align="justify" class="style24"><br />
7.1.1 Mutation of the Vowel Vx</h2>
<p align="justify" class="style24">While the consonantal portion of the suffix, <strong>C</strong>, is always invariable,
the vocalic portion <strong>Vx</strong> mutates depending on two morphological factors known as <strong>degree</strong> and <strong>suffix-type</strong>. The nine different
degrees will be discussed in detail in the next section below. As for suffix-type,
every consonantal-based <strong>Vx+C</strong> suffix falls into one of three types, which
determine what vowel or vowels will come before the invariable consonant
<strong>C</strong>. The three suffix-types are labelled <strong>V<sub>1</sub></strong>, <strong>V<sub>2</sub></strong>, and <strong>V<sub>3</sub></strong>,
in reference to the vowel portion of the suffix.</p>
<h3 align="justify" class="style24"><a name="Sec7o1o2" id="Sec7o1o2"></a><br />
7.1.2 Degree And Degree-Shifting</h3>
<p align="justify" class="style24">In addition to the three suffix-types, the vowel(s) associated
with suffixes are also determined by degree. There are nine degrees, each of
which has three associated vowel infixes corresponding to the three suffix-types. Table 24 below shows the vowel(s) associated with each suffix-type. </p>
<p align="justify" class="style24"><br />
<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Table 24</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">:
Vocalic Infixes for Consonantal Suffixes by Suffix Type </font></strong></p>
<table width="66%" border="1" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td width="14%" height="29" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><div align="center"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix:
-V<span class="style36"><sub>1</sub></span>C</font></strong></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><div align="center"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix
Type 2: -V<span class="style33 style36"><sub>2</sub></span>C</font></strong></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><div align="center"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix
Type 3: -V<span class="style36"><sub>3</sub></span>C</font></strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="32" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
1</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-iC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-iuC / -uaC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-ieC</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="31" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
2</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-öC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-auC /-oaC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong> -iöC</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="33" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
3</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-eC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-êC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-ioC</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="33" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
4</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-îC</strong> / <strong>-uëC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-euC / -oeC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-oiC / -öaC</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="33" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
5</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-(a)C</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-âC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-üaC / -uìC / -iùC</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="33" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
6</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-ûC</strong> / <strong>-iëC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-eiC / -eoC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong> -ouC / -</strong><strong>öeC</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="32" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
7</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-oC </strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-ôC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-uoC</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="32" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
8</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-üC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-aiC / -eaC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-uöC</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="28" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
9</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-uC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-iaC / -uiC</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="center"><strong>-ueC</strong></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify" class="style24">Applying the above rules to three example suffixes we can see
in Table 25 below how these suffixes
would actually appear in conjunction with the word <strong>eqal</strong> <em>‘person’</em> :</p>
<p align="justify" class="style24"><br />
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <strong>TABLE 25: Example of Application of Suffixes to a Stem </strong></font></p>
<table width="80%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3">
<tr>
<td width="14%" class="style24"> </td>
<td width="24%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><div align="center"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix:
-V<span class="style36"><sub>1</sub></span>k</font></strong></div></td>
<td width="30%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><div align="center"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix
Type 2: -V<span class="style33 style36"><sub>2</sub></span>k</font></strong></div></td>
<td width="32%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><div align="center"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix
Type 3: -V<span class="style36"><sub>3</sub></span>k</font></strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="41" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
1</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalik</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaliuk / eqaluak</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaliek</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="39" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
2</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalök</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalauk /eqaloak</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong> eqaliök</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="41" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
3</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalek</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalêk</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaliok</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="41" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
4</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalîk</strong> / <strong>eqal</strong><strong>uëk</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaleuk / eqaloek</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaloik / eqalöak</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="40" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
5</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalak</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalâk</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalüak / eqaluìk / eqaliùk</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="45" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
6</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalûk</strong> / <strong>eqal</strong><strong>iëk</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaleik / eqaleok</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong> eqalouk / eqal</strong><strong>öek</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="44" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
7</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalok </strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalôk</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaluok</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="46" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
8</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalük</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqalaik / eqaleak</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaluök</strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="44" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree
9</font></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaluk</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaliak / eqaluik</strong></div></td>
<td class="style24"><div align="left"><strong>eqaluek</strong></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify" class="style24"><br />
As for the morpho-syntactic function of Degree, it is used
in Ithkuil to create a gradient system for all consonantal suffixes, which generally
indicates the degree to which the semantic concept underlying the particular
suffix applies to the particular stem. This gradient usually extends from zero-degree
(i.e., the particular concept or quality is absent or minimal) to a maximal
degree (i.e., the particular concept or quality is present in totality). We
will see in the tables of suffixes in <a href="#Sec7o4">Section 7.4</a> how this gradient system is used systematically in many
dynamic semantic contexts. As a preview we can illustrate the meanings associated
with the nine degrees for the suffix -<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">V<span class="style33 style36"><sub>1</sub></span>d</font></strong>.</p>
<br />
<table width="82%" heighhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/t="281" border="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<tr>
<td width="5%" class="style24"> </td>
<td width="12%" class="style24"><div align="center"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree</font></strong></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="left"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix</font></strong></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="left"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Meaning</font></strong></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="27" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> 1</font></div></td>
<td width="11%" class="style24"><font color="#000000"><strong>-id </strong></font></td>
<td width="72%" class="style24">wholly lacking in / a complete absence of / not at all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="26" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2</font></div></td>
<td class="style24"><font color="#000000"><strong>-<font color="#000000"><strong>ö</strong></font>d</strong></font></td>
<td class="style24">way too little / totally insufficient(ly) / not anywhere enough</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="27" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> 3</font></div></td>
<td class="style24"><font color="#000000"><strong>-ed </strong></font></td>
<td class="style24">not enough / insufficient(ly) / under-[+verb]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="28" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> 4</font></div></td>
<td class="style24"><font color="#000000"><strong>-îd</strong></font></td>
<td class="style24">not quite enough / somewhat insufficient(ly) / slightly under-[+verb]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="25" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> 5</font></div></td>
<td class="style24"><font color="#000000"><strong> -ad</strong></font></td>
<td class="style24">enough (of) / sufficient(ly)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="27" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> 6</font></div></td>
<td class="style24"><font color="#000000"><strong>-ûd</strong></font></td>
<td class="style24">a little too (much) / more than needed / slightly over-[+verb]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="26" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> 7</font></div></td>
<td class="style24"><font color="#000000"><strong>-od</strong></font></td>
<td class="style24">too / too much / over-[+verb]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="25" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> 8</font></div></td>
<td class="style24"><font color="#000000"><strong>-<font color="#000000"><strong>ü</strong></font>d</strong></font></td>
<td class="style24">way too much / totally over-[+verb]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="style24"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> 9</font></div></td>
<td class="style24"><font color="#000000"><strong>-ud</strong></font></td>
<td class="style24">nothing but / to the exclusion of all else</td>
</tr>
</table>
<span class="style24"><br />
<br />
There are approximatey 200 different consonantal suffix categories, each
of which divides into the nine degrees discussed above to render over 1800 distinct suffixes. Each degree of a suffix has a distinct meaning, often representing a point along
a continuum in terms of how much or how little the underlying semantic sense
of the suffix category is being manifested by the particular formative. </span>
<p align="justify" class="style24">It is important to remember that, since all morpho-semantic
stems are both nominal and verbal in meaning, all suffixes to a stem have both
a nominal and a verbal meaning. Therefore, the choice whether to translate the
suffixes below into their nominal or verbal meaning is entirely dependent on
the morpho-syntactical structure of the word within the context of its use in
a phrase or sentence as a whole.<br />
<span class="style24"><br />
<br />
</span></p>
<h2 align="justify" class="style24"><span class="style24">7.1.3 Notational Scheme</span></h2>
<p align="justify" class="style24">For convenience’ sake, when referring to a particular
suffix of specific type and degree, we will use the notation in the section
above, utilizing a V for the variable vocalic component, a subscript 1, 2, or 3 indicating the suffix-type, followed by a slash and a number indicating the degree. Thus, the suffix
-<strong>nt</strong> of Type 1 and 4th degree will be written <strong>-V<span class="style36"><sub>1</sub></span>nt/4</strong>,
while the suffix -<strong>r</strong> of Type 3 and 8th degree will be written <strong>-V<span class="style36"><sub>3</sub></span>r/8</strong>, and so forth.</p>
<p><br />
<font size="4"><strong><a name="Sec7o2" id="Sec7o2"></a></strong></font><br />
</p>
<table width="99%" border="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<tr>
<td><div><font size="4"><strong>7.2 SUFFIX-TYPES</strong></font></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify" class="style24">Each suffix category comes in three types, numbered 1, 2, and 3, indicated by variances in the initial vocalic component of the suffix. Use of the Type 1 version of a suffix caries a mere circumstantial meaning applicable to the context at hand in a subjectively incidental, happenstance, temporary, or informal manner, whereas the Type 2 version of a suffix implies a derivational meaning which can entail lexical differences when translating into English.</p>
<p align="justify" class="style24">For example, the Type 1 suffix -<strong>up</strong>,
i.e., -<strong>V<span class="style36"><sub>1</sub></span>p/9</strong>, and its Type 2 counterpart
-<strong>uip</strong> , i.e., -<strong>V<span class="style36"><sub>2</sub></span>p/9</strong>,
which both mean ‘exactly similar to…/identical…,’ the
difference in usage being that the Type 1 suffix conveys merely a circumstantial
or incidental similarity, while the Type 2 suffix implies that the similarity
is an integral aspect of the word. In English, such a distinction would most
likely be conveyed by using a different word. For example, note the difference
when we add these two suffixes to the Ithkuil word <strong>eqal</strong> ‘person’:<strong> eqalup </strong>means ‘identical-looking person,’ whereas <strong>eqaluip </strong>means ‘twin.’ In this way, we can say
that the suffix -<strong>Vp</strong> with Type 1 vocalic infixes conveys a circumstantial
application of its meaning to a stem, while with Type 2 vocalic infixes, it
conveys a derivational application of its meaning (i.e., wholly new concepts
or words are derived from the stem).</p>
<p align="justify" class="style24">As for Type 3 suffixes, these are used in circumstances where the meaning of the suffix is meant to be applied not to the formative itself, but rather to the immediately adjacent suffix. This
is somewhat analogous to the way that adverbs can be used to modify descriptive
adjectives in English. For example, in the phrase <em>suddenly blue sky</em>,
it is the blueness that is sudden, not the sky. In Ithkuil, Type 3 suffixes modify another suffix (usually the one following, unless there
are only two suffixes on the stem, in which case the suffix order is irrelevant);
this is done by using Type 3 vocalic infixes. For example, the suffix -<strong>Vd/5</strong>,
which means ‘enough / sufficient(ly),’ can be used both circumstantially
(using Type 1 infixes) and derivationally (using Type 2 infixes) to modify a
stem, or can be used to modify only the adjacent suffix (using Type 3 infixes).
Such suffixes must immediately precede
the suffix they are modifying, unless they are in word-final position, in which
case they modify the immediately preceding suffix. This is illustrated below:</p>
<blockquote>
<p align="justify" class="style24"><strong>eqalad</strong>: ‘a
sufficient person’ (i.e., one able to perform the task at hand)<br />
<strong>eqalâd</strong>: ‘a recruit’
(i.e., one able to meet performance or entry requirements)<br />
<strong>eqal<strong><strong><strong>ü</strong></strong></strong>adûx</strong>:
‘a sufficiently large person’ (where suffix <strong>-V<span class="style36"><sub>1</sub></span>x/6</strong> = ‘large’)</p>
</blockquote>
<p> </p>
<p align="justify" class="style24"><br />
<strong>7.2.1 Multiple Suffixation and Ordering of Suffixes</strong></p>
<p align="justify" class="style24">When adding two or more suffixes to a stem, the suffixes generally
can be added to the stem in any order desired, with the exception of <strong>V<span class="style36"><sub>3</sub></span>C</strong> suffixes
which modify an adjacent suffix. This latter type must precede the suffix it modifies, unless there are only two <strong>VxC</strong> suffixes to the word, in which case the order is irrelevant.</p>
<p align="justify"><br />
<font size="4"><strong><a name="Sec7o3" id="Sec7o3"></a></strong></font><br />
</p>
<table width="99%" border="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<tr>
<td><div><strong><span class="style24">7.3 SPECIAL USE OF V<span class="style36"><sub>3</sub></span>C SUFFIXES</span></strong></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify" class="style24">Note that when a Type 3 suffix appears alone in Slot XI, unaccompanied by another <strong>VxC</strong> suffix, it serves a different purpose than normal. Such lone Type 3 suffixes are used as “short-cut” ways of displaying a type of adunct we will discuss in Chapter 8, called a personal reference adjunct. In these cases, the consonant portion of the suffix, rather than repesenting its usual suffix category, instead corresponds to one of the numerous personal reference categories we will discuss in Chapter 8, while the vowel portion of the suffix, rather than corresponding to one of nine degrees, instead correponds to one of nine noun cases. The details for utilizing these special <strong>V<span class="style36"><sub>3</sub></span>C</strong> suffixes are discussed in <a href="08_adjuncts.html#Sec8o1o5">Section 8.1.5</a>.</p>
<p align="justify"><br />
<font color="#FF0000"><a name="Sec7o4" id="Sec7o4"></a></font><br />
</p>
<table width="99%" border="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<tr>
<td><div><font size="4"><strong>7.4 LIST OF SUFFIXES</strong></font></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify" class="style24">Thttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/he 200 suffix categories are listed in the sections which follow, indicating the difference in meaning for each of the nine degrees. Recall that each of these suffixes may (theoretically) function as both Type 1 and Type 2 suffixes, the latter type often entailing a change of meaning or lexical shift when translating into English. </p>
<h3 align="justify" class="style24"><br />
7.4.1 Demonstrative Suffixes</h3>
<p align="justify" class="style24">These suffixes correspond to various determiners and modifying
adjectives in English having to do with denoting or identifying a noun within
a larger context or discourse.</p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kt</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DEF</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Definiteness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">any (number
of) [random selection - NOT quantitative/partitive “any”]; in
any manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost
any; in almost any (number of) way(s)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some X
or other; in some way or other</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some certain
X ; in some certain way [identity unknown]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">this X
or that; a certain X or more; in this way or that [identity almost known
– choices limited]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a certain
/ a particular; in a certain or particular way [identity ascertainable]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">presumably
this/that; apparently this X ; in that way presumably [tentatively identified] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">this/that/said;
in said manner/(in) that way [identity known]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at hand/under
discussion/this one now/instant; in this manner [identity = present context]</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="DSRsuffix" id="DSRsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%"><span class="style19">-q’</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DSR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Discretion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">announced/advertised/heralded;
w/ public disclosure</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">open &
well-known; with full public knowledge</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">open/public;
for all to see/publicly/openly </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">shown,
open, or available by request/ by request</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">semi-public(ly),
exclusive(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">own/personal;
personally</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">own private;
privately </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">secret;
secretly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">confidential/classified</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-q<sup>h</sup></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>INL</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Inclusion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not a(ny),
not one, no X whatsoever, none of X; in no such manner </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hardly
any, barely any X; in hardly any such manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some few/a
few certain … ; in a few certain ways</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some (of)/certain
. . .; in certain ways</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">several
/ more than a few / various / in various ways / in several different ways</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a significant
portion of/a fair number of; in a fair number of ways</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">most/in
most ways</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost
every; in almost every way</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">each/every;
in each way</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style17">rţ / -ţr</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EXT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Exactness of Identity / Identity As a Referent Or Standard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nothing
like that X; nothing like that ; in no way similar</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
like that X; somewhat so</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nearly
or almost that X; nearly or almost so</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just about
. . . / for all intents and purposes</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">kind of
/ type of / this sort of; typically</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">such (a);
in such a manner </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">clear (case
of); clearly / certainly / indeed[in negative sentences = no way / at all]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just like
that; just so, thus(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the exact
X / the very (one); exactly thus / exactly so</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style19">-ň<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>s</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FAM</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Familiarity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unknowable
/ alien; unable to even try X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">totally
unfamiliar; totally unaccustomed to X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unfamiliar;
unaccustomed to X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
unfamiliar; somewhat unaccustomed to X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">only just
(recently) familiar; only just recently familiar to X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
familiar; somewhat accustomed to X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">familiar/known;
accustomed to X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-known
/ utterly familiar with / ingrained; inherently accustomed or used to X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">intimate
with; intimately involved with / intimately accustomed to</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>p</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SIM</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Similarity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">opposite;
as different as possible / at the other extreme</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">completely
different/dissimilar; in a totally different or dissimilar way</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">rather
different / barely similar / almost completely different or dissimilar;
in an almost completely different way</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">other [=different];
in another [=different] way</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
different, only superficially similar; somewhat differently</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">similar
in the ways that count/similar down deep, some sort of X; similarly at deep
level</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(somewhat)
similar, only superficially different, sort of like, something like, X-like;
similarly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very similar;
very similarly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[exactly
the] same, indistinguishable from; in the [exactly] same way</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3 class="style24"> 7.4.2 Deictic Suffixes</h3>
<p align="justify"><span class="style24">Deictic suffixes refer to the grammatical process of <strong>deixis</strong>,
the act of pointing to or pointing out. The suffixes correspond to the different
variants of the concepts of ‘here’ and ‘there.’ In Ithkuil,
distinctions are made in these suffixes as to whether a referent is near the
speaker, near the listener, distant from both, whether it is observable or accessible,
and in some case, whether it is alienable or inalienable (i.e., whether the
entity can be separated from the associated person).</span><br />
</p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-č’</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DEX</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Deixis Categories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">yonder
/ way over there somewhere / a long way away (not near anyone) [inaccessible
or unobservable] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">over there
somewhere (by third party) [inaccessible or observable]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">there somewhere
(by listener) [inaccessible or observable] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">here somewhere
(by speaker] [inaccessible or observable]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">here (by
speaker and accessible] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">here with
us (by speaker and listener and accessible] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">there [by
listener and accessible] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">there (by
third party, but accessible to speaker and listener) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">yonder
/ way over there [not near any party but accessible]</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style17">č<sup>h</sup></span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DXX</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Additional Deixis Categories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread
out/ everywhere / scattered yonder / all over out there [inaccessible]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread
out/ everywhere / scattered all about listener / all over the place around
listener [inaccessible]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread
out/ everywhere / scattered all about speaker / all over the place / here
and there [inaccessible]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread
out/ everywhere / scattered all about speaker / all over / here & there
[observable but inaccessible]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread
out/ everywhere / scattered all throughout speaker / enveloping speaker
[inalienable]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread
out/ everywhere / scattered all throughout speaker / enveloping speaker
[alienable]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread
out/ everywhere / scattered all about speaker/all over the place / here
and there [accessible]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread
out/ everywhere / scattered all about listener / all over the place around
listener [accessible]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread
out/ everywhere / scattered yonder / all over out there [accessible]</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="left"><a name="Sec7o4o3" id="Sec7o4o3"></a></p>
<h3>7.4.3 Sequential Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nn</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SEQ</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Numerical Sequence</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">first /
initial; first(ly) / first of all</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">second;
secondly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">third;
thirdly </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">still near
the beginning / not yet halfway</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the middle
one, in between (sequentially)/ just about halfway there</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nearing
the end</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">third from
last; antepenultimately</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">next to
last; penultimately</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">last /
final; last(ly) / finally (in terms of sequence)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-nš / -šn</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SQT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Sequence Relative to Present Context</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">immediately
beforehand / first</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one before
preceding</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the former;
primarily</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">two before
preceding </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">current/at
hand; now/currently / at the moment [in sequence of events]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">second
one after next</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the latter;
secondarily </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one after
next</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">next /
following; then / next</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>c’</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SQC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Sequence of Cause and Effect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">originating;
originally / in the first place / initially / at the outset</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">preliminary;
preliminarily</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">preparatory
/ in preparation for / getting ready to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">awaited;
waiting to/ waiting for [focus on imminency or sequential position, NOT
on anticipation] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">precursor
to; but just beforehand</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">based on
the preceding and setting the stage for what follows</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">eventual
/ at last; at last / finally (result) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">following
/...which follows; then subsequent to that / following that... </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">subsequent
/ consequent; then / so / thus / therefore </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="Sec7o4o4" id="Sec7o4o4"></a> </p>
<h3> 7.4.4 Coordinative Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17"> -ň</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>COO</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Adjunctive Coordination</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in conjunction
with / combined with / including X</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">and / also
/ additionally/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> . . .
and so forth / and so on / and all that/ and whatever else</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">and at
the same time / and simultaneously</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">and [all
in a series]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">or [potentially
inclusive] = and/or</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">either
. . . or [exclusive or] / or else</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">. . . or
something else / or whatever / or whatever else</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">either
. . . or [exclusive or in a series] </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-ňň</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CTR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Contrastive Coordination</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">still /
nevertheless / however — (despite seemingly inherent conflict or contradiction)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">besides
/ not just . . . but also / in addition to X… also </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">even /
or even / … still [e.g., thicker still]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">or [= otherwise]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">as opposed
to / but not</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">but [qualifying]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">however
/ on the other hand — (simple difference in expected outcome, no inherent
conflict)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">but (rather)
[= substitute]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just in
case / should the need arise</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nz / -zn</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DST</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Distributive Coordination</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">applying
to each equally [unfairly]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">applied
selectively by decision/preference [unfairly]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">respectively
(=to each) but in differing amounts [unfairly] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">selectively
at random [unfairly]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">respectively
[= applied in the sequentially spoken order]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">selectively
at random [fairly]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">respectively
(=to each) but in differing amounts [fairly]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">applied
selectively by decision/calculation [fairly]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">applying
to each equally [fairly]</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p></p>
<p><a name="Sec7o4o5" id="Sec7o4o5"></a></p>
<h3> 7.4.5 Temporal Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-t<sup>h</sup></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TPI</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Impact or Duration Over Time</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">immediate
/ at this instant / for this moment; momentary</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">temporary
/ for right now / for the moment; temporarily / in the meantime [duration
of context. recent]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">short term/for
now; in the short term/for now/ / for the immediate future [hours to days]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for the
meantime / for the meanwhile [days to weeks to months]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for a while
/ for some time to come [months to several years]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for the
foreseeable future [years to decades]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">long term/in
the long run; over the course of time [over the course of a lifetime, decades
to centuries]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">through
the ages / over the course of the ages [centuries to millenia]; permanent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ever-present
/ eternal / constant / incessant / neverending; from now on / eternally
/ all the time / for all time</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rč</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TPD</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Temporary Duration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">brief, momentary (lasting a few seconds)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">for a "minute"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">for a few minutes (e.g., "while you wait")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">for a little while (i.e., up to an hour approximately)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">for a while (i.e., from one to several hours)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">for today (i.e., from several hours to 24 hours approximately)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">for one or two days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">from two to four days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">up to a week</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"></p>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ll</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FRQ</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">never</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">rare /
hardly ever / once in a great while; rarely / almost unheard of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">infrequent;
seldom / infrequently</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">now and
then / from time to time / off and on / every so often / now and again occasionally
/ sometimes</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">frequent;
frequently / often</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">usual;
usually / customarily / generally</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost
always / rarely fail to / routinely</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ever-faithful
/ unwavering; always / every time / without fail / like clockwork / never
fail to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">constant
/ continuous; constantly / continuously / all the time</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>z</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TPR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Temporal Placement/Reaction/Viewpoint</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wistfully
looking back / in the (good) old days [with longing]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in hindsight
/ looking back</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">upon further
consideration/upon reflection</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">initial;
at first/initially / at first blush / at first glance</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">now that
the moment has come / now that the time is here / now that the deed or event
is at hand</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">any moment
now; on the verge of; just about to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imminent(ly)
; very soon</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">soon [w/
anticipation]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">someday.
. . / one day [with longing]</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kk</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TPP</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Temporal Position Relative to Present</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in the
remote past, once upon a time</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">past/former/previous;
once [e.g., I was young once], a long time ago</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">recent;
recently</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">. . . just
past / just (happened)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">present/current/present
day; now / at present / presently / currently</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imminent;
just about to / about to / on the verge of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">forthcoming
/ soon to arrive; soon</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">future
/ -- to be / --to come / eventual(ly); someday... </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in the
remote future / far in the future / long after we’re gone</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><a name="ATCsuffix" id="ATCsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>pţ</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ATC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Anticipation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">long-awaited
/ long looked for</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">eagerly
awaited; can’t wait for / dying to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">anticipated
/ awaited; in anticipation of / look forward to </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">up for
/ up to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">await /
wait to / wait for / waiting to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ambivalent
about ; could take or leave it</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not looking
forward to </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dreaded;
dread X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">long-dreaded;
dread the day when</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-nž <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>/ -žn</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>LAT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Lateness/Earliness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way too
early / way too soon</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too early
/ too soon</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little
early / a bit soon </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost
late / not a moment too soon</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just in
time / sharp / on the dot </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little
late</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">late</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too late</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way too
late</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="ITNsuffix" id="ITNsuffix"></a><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nt / -tn</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ITN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Iteration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just once
/ once only</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">again /
once more / one more time / re-</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">again and
again / keep X-ing over and over [focus on habit, not periodicity]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">again and
again / keep X-ing over and over [focus on periodicity, not habit]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">irregular,
unpredictable ; at irregular or unpredictable intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[cyclic]
return of... / ...once again; return to / …back again [e.g., summer’s
back]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">intermittent;
intermittently / at regular intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">repetitive
/ repeating; repeatedly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">constantly
cycling or repeating / continuously or perpetually repeating / constant,
eternal, perpetual repetition of </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="RPNsuffix" id="RPNsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">kţ</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>RPN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Pattern of Spatio-Temporal Repetition or Distribution of Set
Members</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow-paced
repetition at regular intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow-paced
repetition at irregular intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow-paced
repetition at mixed intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mid-paced
repetition at irregular intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mid-paced
repetition at regular intervals </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mid-paced
repetition at mixed intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast-paced
repetition at mixed intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast-paced
repetition at irregular intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast-paced
repetition at regular intervals</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><a name="CALsuffix" id="CALsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rl</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CAL</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Calendrical Sequencing (used with numerical stems to indicate calendrical concepts)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sequential number +] day of the week</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sequential number +] day of the month</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sequential number +] day of the year</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sequential number +] week of the month</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sequential number +] month of the year</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sequential number +] year</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sequential number +] decade of the century</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sequential number +] century</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sequential number +] millenium</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The V<span class="style34">1</span> value of these suffixes merely indicates sequential position on the calendar, e.g., <strong>llalirl</strong> <em>'the first day of the week,' </em>whereas V<span class="style34">2</span> values give the names of the days of the weeks, days of the month, months of the year, etc., e.g., <strong>llaluarl</strong> <em>'Sunday,'</em> <strong>ksaluarl</strong> <em>'Monday,'</em> <strong>ksalârl</strong> <em>'February,'</em> <strong>llalökearl</strong> <em>'the 21st Century',</em> <strong>mřalik (ňial) xmalukeorl</strong><em> 'the year 1999.'</em></p>
<p>Note: the CAL suffix inherently conveys Functional (FNC) Context, since calendrical notions are, of course, societal conventions as opposed to being natural ontological concepts. Therefore, for formatives carrying the CAL suffix it is not necessary to inflect for FNC Context.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3> 7.4.6 Quantifying Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>lz<strong> / -zl</strong></strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DGR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Exactness of Degree </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unknowable
degree or amount of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unknown
degree or amount of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost
impossible to determine degree of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nowhere
near the desired degree of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hard to
pinpoint / hard to determine / difficult to determine </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fluctuating,
ever-changing (amount of); to changing/fluctuating degree or extent of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">vaguely
around / vaguely in the range of / somewhere around / loosely in the vicinity
of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">approximate(ly)
/ somewhere around / just about; or something like that / …or so</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">exact/specific;
exactly / specifically / on the dot / sharp / to the letter</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ss</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTW</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Contiguous Portion of the Whole</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">no amount
of / none (of)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a very
few / a tiny amount of / a tiny number of; only a tiny bit / a tiny bit</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">few / a
little / a bit; a little / a bit</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some, any
[= some of] / some of or any of the / a portion; partially / to some extent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a fair
number of / a fair amount of / pretty (+adj.) / fairly (+adj.) / rather
/ somewhat; more or less / to a fair extent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">much /
many / (such) a lot of / very / quite (a); quite; a lot / very much / to
a large extent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a whole
lot of / a verly large amount or number of / immensely, in an incredible
amount / so much…; so</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">most of
/ mostly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> every
/ all (of)/whole; entirely/in its entirety</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ns / -sn</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Non-Contiguous (i.e., Intermixed) Portion of the Whole </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">no amount
of / none (of)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a very
few / a tiny amount of / a tiny number of; only a tiny bit / a tiny bit</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> few/a
little / a bit; a little / a bit</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some, any
[= some of] / some of or any of the / a portion; partially / to some extent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a fair
number of / a fair amount of / pretty (+adj.) / fairly (+adj.) / rather
/ somewhat; more or less / to a fair extent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">much /
many / (such) a lot of / very / quite (a); quite /; a lot / very much /
to a large extent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a whole
lot of / a very large amount or number of / immensely, in an incredible
amount / so much…; so</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">most of
/ mostly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">every /
all (of) / whole; entirely / in its entirety</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="CNMsuffix" id="CNMsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mt / -tm</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CNM</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Type of Container/Packaging/Conveyance/Holder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="27"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">jar/pot
of X [storage + containment]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dispensor-type
container/package, e.g., tube, barrel, bottle for multiple use</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">can/tin/bottle/sealed
pouch [= storage + packaging + protection/preservation]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">carton/box/basket
[= temporary containment]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural
or generic mass containment/packaging/holder (e.g., a loaf of bread, a lump
of clay)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">satchel,
pack of [= for personal conveyance/moving]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pile of,
load of [= in context of conveyance/moving or bulk storage]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">X-ful of
[+ Partitive], e.g., a roomful of clowns, a skyful of clouds, a treeful
of leaves, a spoonful</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">embodiment/manifestation
of abstract essence, e.g., a life form [= an embodiment of life]</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>d</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SUF</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree Of Sufficiency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">none at
all; not…at all</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way too
little / woefully insufficient / way too few; not...anywhere enough / totally
under-[+verb]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not enough
/ insufficient / too few; not...enough / insufficiently / under-[+verb]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not quite
enough / slightly insufficient; not...quite enough / a bit insufficiently
/ slightly under-[+verb]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">enough
(of) / sufficient; enough / sufficiently</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little
too / a little too much; a little too much / slightly over- [+verb]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too / toomuch;
too much / too many / over- [+verb]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way too
/ way too much; way too much / totally over- [+verb]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inundated
with; to the exclusion of all else / to the point that X overwhelms or takes
over</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>b</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EXN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree or Extent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">none (at
all); to no extent at all</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tiniest
part of / a bit of; to smallest extent / hardly / barely</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">only a
part of / only some of; to some extent / partially / partly / somewhat</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">less than
usual / below normal; less so than usual/ to a lesser degree or extent than
usual</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the normal,
expected or usual amount (of)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">more than
usual / above normal; more so than usual; to a greater degree or extent
than normal</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way more
than usual / way above normal or expected; to a much greater degree or extent
than normal</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost
as much as possible / near(ly) maximum</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">total,
-ful; to greatest extent / maximum / maximal; maximally / at full capacity,
e.g., She bought out the store.</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rd / -dr</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EXD</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Dynamically Changing Degree or Extent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">less and
less / fewer and fewer / ongoing decrease in; decreasingly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a lot fewer
/ a lot less (of); a lot less</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fewer /
less (of); less </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little
less (of) / a bit less (of); a little less / a bit less </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a fluctuating
amount or degree of; to a fluctuating degree or extent </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little
more (of) / a bit more (of); a little more / a bit more </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">more (of);
more </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a lot more
(of); a lot more </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">more and
more / continuing increase in / increasingly more</font> / <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ever-increasing</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> This suffix is used with all vector-like or gradient concepts. When used with
the <font size="2">COMPLETIVE</font> version, degrees 1 and 9 imply attainment
of a change in state, e.g., <em>sleepiness → sleep.</em></p>
<h3><a name="Sec7o4o7" id="Sec7o4o7"></a><br />
7.4.7 Modulative Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>zb</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>RCO</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Recoil in place (spring back; snap back; fall back into place)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>zg</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TFI</strong></div></td>
<td>Back & forth; to & fro in place (e.g., pendulum, wagging tail)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="style17">-žd</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TFV</strong></div></td>
<td>Back & forth over linear vector (e.g., snake-like; zig-zag)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>zd</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CRI</strong></div></td>
<td>Cycle or circular motion in place (spin, revolve)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="style17">-žb</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CRV</strong></div></td>
<td>Cycle or circular motion over linear vector (e.g., train wheels, bike
wheels)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="style17">-žg</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MDL</strong></div></td>
<td>Random pattern of modulation (unpredictable/irregular movement pattern)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> These suffixes operate in conjunction with Phase (<font color="#000000"><a href="05_verbs_1.html#Sec5o3">see
Sec. 5.3</a></font>) to describe contexts involving recoil, spring motion, oscillative,
cyclic, reflective or vibrative motion, using the following degrees:</p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="12%"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td width="88%" colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arihttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/al, Helvetica, sans-serif">not enough</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hardly
at all </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a small
degree </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a less
than normal degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to the
normal / standard / usual degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a greater
than normal degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a large
degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a very
large degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too much
/ overly</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>g</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FLS</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Fluctuation/Stability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inherently
and consistently unstable and random to a high degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly
variable/random fluctuation or instability</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moderately
variable/random fluctuation or instability</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">increasing
fluctuation or destabilization in pattern</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tending
toward fluctuations and periods of instability</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">decreasing
fluctuation or instability in pattern = increasing stability</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moderately
stable and lacking in fluctuations</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">complete
lack of fluctuation or instability; highly stable</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inherently
and consistently stable</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br />
</font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>f</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ICR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Increase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ft</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>DCR</strong></td>
<td>Decrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>pf</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>ICD</strong></td>
<td>Increase then Decrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kf</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>DCI</strong></td>
<td>Decrease then Increase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>qţ</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>IDR</strong></td>
<td>Random/Varying Increases and Decreases<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Used with the following degrees, the above five suffixes operate to expand Phase
into showing increases or decreases (or wavering) of intensity of an action
during its duration.</p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td width="89%"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">so slowly
as to seem immovable</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very slowly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slowly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat slower than
normal </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">normal/usual/standard
speed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat faster than
normal</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast/quickly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very rapidly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">so rapidly as to be
unable to follow</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>fs</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MVT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Stillness/Movement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unmovable
– integrated</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unmovable
due to mass</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not easily
moved</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inclined
to stillness</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">holding
still</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moving
around slightly, stirring</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moving
around in one place</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moving
around, agitated</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly agitated, unable to keep still</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br />
<br />
<br />
</font> 7.4.8 Qualifying Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>x</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SIZ</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Size</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too small</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very small/
very little/ miniscule/ tiny/ itty-bitty;in a very small manner; barely/hardly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">small/little</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little
on the small size / undersized / petite </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little
on the large size / oversized / jumbo </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">big/large;
in a large manner </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very big/very
large; in a very large manner </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">enormous(ly)
/ huge(ly) / humoungous(ly) / gigantic(ally)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too big
/ too large / too huge; in too large a manner</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><a name="SCOsuffix" id="SCOsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">xh</font></strong></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SCO</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Dynamic Change of Size</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">smallest
single manifestation of / particle of </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">runaway
shrinkage of / rapid disappearance or diminishment of </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">solitary
/ only / sole / lone / unaccompanied; alone / by -self / on his own / unaccompanied
/ solely</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">decreasing
/ de-escalating / shrinking </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">compact/concentrated;
in efficient or compact way [e.g., <em>canyon → </em><em>gorge</em>]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">expanded/enhanced;
in expanded or enhanced way [e.g., <em>canyon → </em><em>rift valley</em>] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">growing,
increasing, escalating </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">runaway
/ runaway growth, increase or expansion of </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">synergistic
expansion e.g., hit (+ <font size="1">RCP</font> valence) → fight</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="AFTsuffix" id="AFTsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-ç</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>AFT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Affect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">cute/darling
/ in a cute or darling manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too cute
/ schmaltzy / in a maudlin way</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">kitschy
/ quaint(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dear, endearing(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">lovely
/ elegant</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">esteemed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imperious
/ royal / most high / most excellent / revered </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too grand
/ too imperious</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">great /
grand; in a great / grand / grandiose manner</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<strong class="style19">č</strong></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>QUA</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Quality, Effectiveness or Adequacy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too poor(ly);
too badly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very bad(ly)
/ very poor(ly) / very inadequate(ly) / intolerable / intolerably / terrible
/ terribly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">bad / poor
/ inadequate; badly / poorly / inadequately / wanting / lacking</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not-so-good
/ could be better; somewhat poor(ly) or bad(ly) / somewhat wanting or lacking
/ below average</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not-so-bad
/ average; could be worse; so-so / somewhat well / OK, I guess / adequate(ly)
/ acceptably </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">good/effective;
well/effectively/ more than adequate / above-average</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very good
/ very effective(ly) / very well</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">excellent(ly)
/ superb(ly) / outstanding(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">astounding(ly)
/ amazing(ly) great or well / unbelievably excellent / absolutely superb(ly)
/ unsurpassable(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="UNQsuffix" id="UNQsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>c</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>UNQ</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Specialness or Uniqueness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">vulgar,
trashy, too cheap / in a vulgar or trashy manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">cheap,
tasteless, gaudy, gauche / in a cheap, gaudy, gauche or tasteless manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">run of
the mill / unexceptional / average / commonplace / ordinary; in a commonplace
or unexceptional manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
ordinary / somewhat common(place)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
special / somewhat out of the ordinary / interesting(ly) / intriguing(ly)
/ eye-catching / appealing(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">special;
epecially</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">extraordinary
/ highly unusual; extraordinarily</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(one and)
only/unique; in the only way / uniquely / unparallelled</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">marvelous
/ wonderful / wondrous / awesome / awe-inspiring</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style37">rň</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>IPT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Importance/Impact/Signficance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">utterly unimportant, insignficant, unnecessary, irrelevant</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hardly necessary, seemingly unimportant, essentially insignificant, essentially irrelevant</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">third-string / no remaining alternative but X</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">back-up / understudy / second-string</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">secondary</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fairly significant, somewhat important</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">importan t/ significant / considerable</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">primary / foremost / very significant</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Indispensable/crucial/critical</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p><table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>k<sup>h</sup></strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CNQ</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Consequentiality, Finality or Irrevocability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inconsequential/sham/having
no effect; like it didn’t even happen/with no effect</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">relatively
inconsequential / having little effect / easily reversible or undone / to
little effect / minor / to minor degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
inconsequential/having only some effect/reparable/reversible/to some effect
/ somewhat minor</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not so
minor / somwhat significant degree / reversible with effort / having a somewhat
significant impact or effect</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">consequential
/ having a fair effect / reversible only with concerted effort / to good
effect</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Overall
/ signifcant degree of; all in all / for the most part/to great effect /
on the whole</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">virtually
total/near total; nearly for good/almost completely</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">utter /
complete / total; altogether / completely / for good / utterly / irrevocably
for all intents and purposes</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for all
time / forever / finally</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="NTRsuffix" id="NTRsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-q</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NTR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Notoriety, Acceptance, Respect, Honor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pariah-like
/ ostracized; in an alienating or self-ostracizing manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">infamous;
infamously</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">frowned-upon
/ disapproved ; in a manner guaranteed to arouse disapproval</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tolerated;
in a tolerated manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">common
/ customary / expected / accepted; in an common, customary, expected, or
accepted manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">notorious(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-known
/ well-liked / well thought of; in a totally appropriate way / in a manner
befitting a gentleman or lady</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">respected
/ honored; respectfully / honorably</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly
praised / highly honored / highly esteemed / highly respected / most excellent
/ most honorable</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rg</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>BEH</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Subjective Effect or Behavioral Appropriateness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">grotesque, gross, nauseating, sickening</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">repugnant, revolting, repulsive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">despicable, deplorable, detestable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">lurid, spectacle-inducing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">offensive, ill-mannered, in poor taste</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">lewd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">spectacular, showy, larger-than-life</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">well-mannered, polite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">classy, dignified, in good taste</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>xht</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>APR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Contextual Appropriateness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">contemptable(-ly)
/ utterly inappropriate(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">scandalous(ly)
/ trashy(-ly) / inappropriate(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> ill-mannered
/ boorish(ly) / improper(ly) / tasteless(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">eyebrow-raising
/ questionable(-ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
improper(ly) / unorthodox(ically) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">acceptable(-ly)
/ adequate(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">appropriate(ly)
/ proper(ly) / correct(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">utterly
appropriate(ly), very proper(ly); strictly correct(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">stuffy
/ orthodox / old-fashioned; utterly predictable(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>tļ</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>HRC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Position on Social, Occupational, or (Para-) Military Hierarchy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">bottom
rung / the “dregs”</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">rank &
file </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">lower echeleon</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">lower-mid</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mid-level</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">upper mid</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">upper echeleon</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">senior</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">head /
chief / top / executive</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>This suffix, for example, would be used to distinguish the names of the various
ranks within a military or paramilitary organization such as <em>private, corporal,
sergeant, lieutenant</em>, etc. all the way up to <em>general</em> and <em>supreme
commander</em>.</p>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-ż</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FRM</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Formality</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too casual
/ overly casual</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very casual</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">casual</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
casual</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">neither
casual nor formal </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
formal </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">formal</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very formal</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too formal
/ overly formal</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>j</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TYP</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Typicalness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unique
/ never-before-seen / one of a kind / shocking</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">original
/ avante-garde; surprising(ly) / innovative(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">atypical(ly)
/ unusual(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
atypical(ly) or unusual(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">garden
variety / run-of-the-mill / typical(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">expected
/ common; in a commonplace manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">disappointingly
typical; very typically </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unoriginal
/ mundane; in an uninspired way</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">stereotyped
/ stereotypical(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ňx</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTY</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Prototypicalness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very dissimilar
to prototype, very atypical member, closer to members of different set</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dissimilar
to prototype, atypical member </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">having
noticeable dissimilarities from prototype </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
dissimilar to prototype</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">having
unknown degree of closeness or similarity to prototype </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">adequately
similar to prototype</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">as close
to prototype as is typically found</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">as close
to prototype as possible</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">prototype/archetype/model</font> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">mž / -žm</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ITG</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Intelligence Manifested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dumb /
stupid / assinine; idiotic(ally) / moronic(ally)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">foolhearty
/ foolish(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ill-conceived(ly)
/ (in a) poorly thought out (way) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">naïve(ly)
/ simplistic(ally) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-intentioned
but ill-conceived / reckless(ly); risky </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-reasoned
/ intelligent(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">innovative(ly)
/ daring [based on analysis and judgement] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ingenious
/ brilliant </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wise(ly);
[V2 = ‘philosophical(ly)] </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-ļ</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MDN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Age or Modernity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">prehistoric
/ proto-</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ancient</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">old (first)
/ archaic </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">classic(al) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">old-fashioned;
in the old-fashioned way </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“yesteryear”;
in the era just passed; in the previous zeitgeist </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">modern,
contemporary, present-day </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">innovative
/ trailblazing; innovatively, trailblazingly, cutting-edge </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">avant-garde </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="Sec7o4o9" id="Sec7o4o9"></a></p>
<h3>7.4.9 Modifying Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="10%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>r</strong></font></td>
<td width="8%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NA1</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Negation/affirmation of all morphological components</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="27">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>l</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NA2</strong></div></td>
<td>Negation/affirmation of stem + affixes but not adjunct information</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<span class="style19">ř</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NA3</strong></div></td>
<td>Negation/affirmation of all morphological components except Modality </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<span class="style19">ř</span><span class="style19">ř</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NA4</strong></div></td>
<td>Negation/affirmation of all but aspectual or Modality information </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify"> The above four suffixes are used to affirm or negate a formative. Because much
of the information associated with an Ithkuil formative is carried in adjuncts,
the above suffixes are used to indicate exactly which morpho-semantic information
is being affirmed or negated. For example, in English the sentences <em>I don’t
want to stop eating, I want to not stop eating, and I want to stop not eating</em> mean different things. The above four suffixes are used with the following degrees. </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="12%"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td width="88%" colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">on
the contrary…most cerainly does NOT/is NOT [absolute negation]; no
X whatsoever; absolutely not = emphatic negation/denial</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">on the
contrary…does NOT or is NOT [absolute negation contrary to expectation]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">on the
contrary…does NOT or is NOT [relative negation contrary to expectation]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">no; not
[absolute negation] = e.g.,<em> I will not win the race (because I’m
not in the race)</em></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">no; not
[relative negation] = e.g., <em>I will not win the race (although I am in
the race)</em></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost
/ near(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hardly
/ barely</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">…does
(too) / is (too) [= simple affirmation contrary to expectation]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">…is
indeed / does indeed / most certainly is / most certainly does [emphatic
affirmation]</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><a name="PLVsuffix" id="PLVsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%"><span class="style17">-rr</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PLV</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Polarity / Logical valence values</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">false/negative [bivalent polarity or logic]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">false/negative [trivalent polarity or logic]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">superpositional – neither true/positive nor false/negative</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">unknown polarity or logical state/value [trivalent polarity or logic]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">neutral [trivalent polarity or logic]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">unknown polarity or logical state/value [bivalent polarity or logic]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">superpositional – both true/positive and false/negative</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">true/positive [trivalent polarity or logic]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40"> true/positive [bivalent polarity or logic]</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="style38"><br /></p>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a name="DEVsuffix" id="DEVsuffix"></a><br />
</font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%"><span class="style17">-ţ</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DEV</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Development</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">reversal
or undoing of process = ‘un-’ / ‘de-’ / ‘dis-’</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">reversal/undoing
of process in large chunks = ‘un-’ / ‘de-’ / ‘dis-’</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">reversal
little by little / a little at a time = entropic change in / slowly falling
apart / unravelling</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moribund
/ stagnant; in a moribund or stagnant manner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-maintained
/ well-kept / “healthy”; keep X going / maintain X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one by
one / one at a time / one after another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">little
by little / a little at a time / bit by bit / a piece at a time</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by leaps
and bounds / in large amounts at a time</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">complete
achievement now irreversible / set in stone</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="REAsuffix" id="REAsuffix"></a> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>pt</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>REA</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Genuineness or Veracity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">real /
actual / true / genuine; truly, genuinely, really, actually, indeed [affirmation
contrary to suggestion otherwise]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">real /
actual / true / genuine; truly, genuinely, really, actually, indeed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">apparent
/ seeming / looks like a; apparently / appears to have / seems to have</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">suspicious-looking
/ ”fishy” seeming; presumably /allegedly / gives the appearance
of having</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ersatz
/ facsimile; as an equivalent to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">substitute
/ replacement / proxy / fill-in / placeholder; as a substitue or proxy for</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fake /
pretend / mock; pretend to, fake X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imaginary
/ unreal / made-up ; imagine X-ing, not really X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imaginary
/ unreal / made-up ; imagine X-ing, not really X-ing [contrary to suggestion
otherwise]</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rk / -kr</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SCS</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Success versus Failure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">total failure
in; completely fail to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">failed,
would-be; unsuccessfully, fail to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">= INEFFECTUAL
or INCOMPLETIVE version (<a href="05_verbs_1.html#Sec5o8">see Sec. 5.8</a>) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">certain
to be a failed / certain to fail in</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sanhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/s-serif">marginally
successful(ly) / barely, hardly [in terms of adequacy or success] </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">certain
to be a successful ; certain to succeed in </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">= POSITIVE
or EFFECTIVE version (<a href="05_verbs_1.html#Sec5o8">see Sec. 5.8</a>)</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">successful(-ly
completed); successfully</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-shttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/erif">overwhelmingly
successful(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>v</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CAP</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Potential or Capability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">utterly
incapable / completely lacking in all necessary abilities or capacities</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">underqualified;
almost totally lacking in necessary abilities or capacities</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">lacking
in certain key capabilities; mostly inadequate to task</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">possible
but less than likely due to underdeveloped capabilities</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unknown
if capable or not</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
capable / has possible potential to perform</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">sufficiently
capable / adequate potential to perform</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fully capable;
well within abilities</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">overly
qualified; more capable than necessary or required</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-çq<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong></strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PRB</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Probability or Likelihood</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">impossible
/ hopeless / lost cause</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost
no chance of / virtually impossible</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly
unlikely </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unlikely
/ improbable(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">possible;
possibly </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hopeful(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">probable;
probably</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly
probable / highly likely / certain to be a. . . certain to </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">forgone
conclusion that / in the can / done deal</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="STRsuffix" id="STRsuffix"></a> </p>
<h3> 7.4.10 Adverbial Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">nţ / -ţn</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>STR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Physical Strength Possible or Used</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">barely
/ hardly / very weak(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">weak(ly)
/ to small degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">soft(ly)
/ guarded(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">measured(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
strong(ly) / somewhat powerful(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">adequately
strong; with adequate strength </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">strong(ly)
/ powerful(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very strong(ly)
/ very powerful(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with maximum
power</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><a name="FRCsuffix" id="FRCsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kç</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FRC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Physical Force Exerted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too light(ly)
/ too soft(ly) / too delicate(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">light as
a feather/ baby soft; extremely delicately or lightly or softly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">light/soft/hardly
a; softly / lightly / delicately / gingerly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
on the light or soft side; somewhat softly / lightly / delicately / gingerly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">neither
soft(ly) nor forceful(ly); with the right touch</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
violent(ly) / somewhat forceful(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">violent/forceful
/ rough; violently / with force / roughly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very violent(ly)
/ very forceful(ly) / very rough(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too violent(ly)
/ too forceful(ly) / too rough(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br />
<a name="ITYsuffix" id="ITYsuffix"></a> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>sk</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ITY</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Speed (i.e., Intensity of Movement or Change)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too slow(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very slow(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
slow(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at just
the right speed or intensity </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
fast / somewhat quick(ly) / somewhat rapid(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast /
quick(ly) / rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very fast
/ very quick(ly) / very rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too fast
/ too quick(ly) / too rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>st</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SPD</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Speed (i.e., Velocity = Distance Over Time)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too slow(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very slow(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
slow(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at just
the right speed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
fast / somewhat quick(ly) / somewhat rapid(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast /
quick(ly) / rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very fast
/ very quick(ly) / very rapid(ly)/; at fast pace </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too fast
/ too quick(ly) / too rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>lt / -tl</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CFD</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Forthrightness, Confidence or Humility</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too
meek(ly) / too submissive(ly) / too obedient(ly) / too docile(ly)</font></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very meek(ly)
/ very submissive(ly) / very obedient(ly) / very docile(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">meek(ly)
/ submissive(ly) / obedient(ly) / docile(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
meek(ly) / somewhat submissive(ly) / somewhat obedient(ly) / somewhat docile(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">properly
humble / properly forthright ; with proper degree of humility or forthrightness</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
confident(ly) / somewhat strong(ly) / somewhat definite(ly) / somewhat definitive(ly)
or authoritative(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">confident(ly)
/strong(ly) / definite(ly)/ definitive(ly) / authoritative(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very confident(ly)
/ very strong(ly) / very definite(ly) / very definitive(ly) / very authoritative(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">over-confident(ly)
/ too strong(ly) / too definite(ly) / too definitive(ly) / too authoritative(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br />
</font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">dh</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EFI</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Efficiency or Efficacy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">destructively
wasteful / disastrous(ly) / accomplishing the opposite of intention / making
things worse</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very wasteful
/ accomplishing nothing / making a mess of it</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wasteful
/ accomplishing little</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
wasteful / accomplishing somewhat less than expected</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">adequate(ly)
[in terms of efficiency]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">rather
efficient(ly) / fairly efficient(ly) / accomplishing somewhat more than
expected</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">efficient(ly)
/ with little or no waste(d effort)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">extremely
efficient(ly) / with no waste(d effort) whatsoever</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a synergy
of… / sum beyond total of parts / a synergistic composite of ; to
X synergistically </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>šq</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ERR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Correctness versus Error</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">totally
wrong / totally mis- or mal-; totally in error / erroneous(ly) / incorrect(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wrong/incorrect(ly)
/ mis- / mal- ; in error / erroneous(ly) / incorrect(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fairly
wrong / fairly incorrect(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
wrong / more wrong than right</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">so-so;
barely adequate(ly) / barely correct(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
right / more right than wrong </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fairly
right / fairly correct(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">right /
correctly </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">totally
right / totally correct(ly) / totally well-X’d </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="MATsuffix" id="MATsuffix"></a> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%"><span class="style17">-p<sup>h</sup></span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MAT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Maturation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">undeveloped
/ immature(ly) / seed / embryo</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">under-developed
/ newborn [stage, not age] / seedling / baby</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">growing
/ budding / youthful / young</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">maturing
/ developing / getting stronger or bigger or more complex or sophisticated</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fully developed
/ fully mature(d) / robust / ripe</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">overly
developed / overripe / showing signs of wear and tear / stressed / under
stress / fatigued</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">declining/fading;
trail off/fade / getting softer or weaker / faded / decrepit / has-been
/ past one’s prime</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">disintegrating
/ utterly deteriorated / beyond repair or rehabilitation / irreparable /
dying</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dead /
defunct / disintegrated</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ňz</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SBT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Subtlety</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too subtle(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very subtle(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">subtle(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
subtle(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
unsubtle(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unsubtle(ly)
/ lumbering(ly) rather obvious/ fairly blatant / belabored ; belabor / lumber
along X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">obvious(ly)
/ blatant(ly) / exaggerated(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very obvious(ly)
/ very blatant(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">over-the-top
/ in-your-face / to obvious(ly) / too blatant(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kš</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DRC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Directness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too indirect(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very indirect(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">indirect(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
indirect(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
direct(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fairly
direct(ly) / rather direct(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">direct(ly)
/ straightforward </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very direct(ly)
/ very straightforward</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too direct(ly)
/ painfully straightforward</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mš / -šm</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SUD</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Suddenness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too slow(ly)
in happening, too long in X-ing, overdue, delayed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very slow(ly)
in happening or developing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow(ly)
; long in developing or happening</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
slow(ly) ; somewhat long in developing or happening</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">taking
just the right amount of time to develop or occur</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
immediate / somewhat sudden; somewhat imediately / somewhat suddenly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">immediate
/ sudden; imediately / suddenly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very immediate
/ very sudden; very imediately / very suddenly</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too immediate
/ too sudden; too imediately / too suddenly</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">pç</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PCN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Care, Precision or Scrutiny</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">utterly
sloppy(ily) / totally careless(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> very sloppy(ily)
/ very careless(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> sloppy(ily)
/ careless(ly) / with poor attention to detail </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
sloppy(ily) / somewhat careless(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">less than
careful(ly) / with only some degree of care </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
careful(ly) / fairly precise(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">precise(ly)
/ careful(ly) / detailed </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> extremely
precise(ly) / with great care or precision or scrutiny / meticulous(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">overly
precise(ly) / ‘nit-picky’ / with too much scrutiny / overly
meticulous(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-c<sup>h</sup> </td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CNC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Concern or Consideration </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="27"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">…the
hell…! / what the hell . . . / . . . who cares</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">self-centered(ly)
/ without thought or concern for others</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at the
very least / at the least level of concern required</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> without
concern / indifferent(ly) / without consideration / unconcerned(ly) / thoughtless(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">reluctant(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at best
/ with the most concern one can muster</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">concerned(ly)
/ with concern / with consideration for others</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very concerned(ly)
/ highly concerned(ly) / with great concern or consideration for others</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">overly
concerned(ly) / worrisome(ly) / with too much concern or consideration for
others / altruistically</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lk / -kl</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SPH</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Sophistication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too crude(ly)
/ too primitive(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very crude(ly)
/ very primitive(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">crude(ly)
/ primitive(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
crude(ly) / somewhat primitive(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with expected/normal
degree or level of sophistication</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
sophisticated or refined</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> sophisticated
or refined </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very sophisticated
or refined </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too sophisticated
or refined </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>çt</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CVT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Covertness versus Overtness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too secretive(ly)
/ overly covert(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very secretive(ly)
/ highly covert(ly) / hidden / well behind the scenes</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">secretive(ly)
/ covert(ly) / behind the scenes / between the lines / under the table /
“back-room”</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
secretive(ly) / somewhat covert(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not too
secretive(ly) / not so open(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
open(ly) / somewhat “up front”</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">open(ly)
/ overt(ly) / “up front” / out in the open / honest / forthcoming(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very open(ly)
/ very overt(ly) / very “up front” / flaunting(ly) / brutally
honest</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too open(ly)
/ too overt(ly) / overly flaunting(ly) / vulgar(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rt / -tr</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EFT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Effort</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too difficult
/ overly difficult</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very difficult
/ so difficult</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">strained
/ difficult; strain to / with difficulty / struggle to / to work at X-ing
/ to X hard</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
difficult / not that easy </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">neither
easy nor difficult </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
easy; not so difficult </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> easy /
certain / unhindered / with ease / without resistance / effortlessly </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very easy
/ so easy</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too easy
/ overly easy</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">ňž</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DSG</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Design or Purposefulness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">purposeless(ly)
/random(ly) / utterly unorganized / chaotic(ally)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">haphazard(ly)
/ without plan or guidance/ disorganized(ly) / poorly planned</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> fairly
haphazard(ly) / not well-planned / not well-organized</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
haphazard(ly) / somewhat disorganized</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slightly
disorganized / less than well-planned </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
organized / somewhat well-planned </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">organized(ly)
/ purposeful(ly) / well-planned </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very organized
/ very structured</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too organized
/ overly structured / “anal(ly)” </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>sq</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DCS</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Decisiveness, Commitment or Emphasis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">indecisive
/ meandering; indecisively / first one way then another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wishy washy
/ flaky</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some sort
of / some kind of / sort of (like) / ”kind of”; in a way / halfway
/ does and doesn’t</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">apparent(ly);
seeming(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mere(ly)
/ only (a); merely / only</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">deliberate
/ decisive; deliberately / decisively / purposefully</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a real
/ certainly a ; really / certainly [emphasis, not genuineness or veracity]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> the (one);
in the only way that counts</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">what (a)
...!; how . . .! ; Boy! Did (does) X ever …</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>št</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CTN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Contrariness to Expectation(s) or Shift in Subject</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="24"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">but X would…
/ if things were otherwise X WOULD… / on the contrary, X WOULD [affirmation
of hypothetical contrary to statement/suggestion otherwise</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">but / X
DOES/IS . . . / on the contrary … [affirmation of fact contrary to
suggestion or statement otherwise]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">like it
or not…/ well, as much as we didn’t want to think it would happen...</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">against
expectation or belief ‘… after all’ ‘well, what
do you know…X!’</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a genuine
/ real / true ; really do, [contrary to expectation]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">as a matter
of fact</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">‘at
least/at any rate’</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">‘by
the way/ just to mention’</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not to
change the subject but…/ sorry to change the subject, but…/
I don’t mean to change the subject, but…</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">çk</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PHY</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Physical Control</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uncontrolled/helpless(ly)
; without control/ out of control</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost
completely out of control / almost totally helpless</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">losing
control / losing the ability to…</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">insufficiently
trained in...</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">amateur(ishly)
/ superficially able to… </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">learn(ing)
to… / begin(ning) to be able to… </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">w/ growing
proficiency or expertise (in) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">proficient(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in full
control / expert(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><a name="Sec7o4o11" id="Sec7o4o11"></a></p>
<h3>7.4.11 Modality Suffixes</h3>
<p align="justify">Many of these correspond to the modality suffixes used in valence/modality adjuncts (see <a href="06_verbs_2.html">Chapter 6</a>). The nine degrees associated with each
suffix allow a speaker control over the extent to which the modality category
should apply to the utterance. These suffix forms function, then, as an alternative
to adjunct forms for greater nuance in the applicability of the modality category
and to apply them to nouns. The nine degrehttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/es of each suffix are as follows:</p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="12%"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td width="88%" colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not at
all</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to too
little a degree; to an insufficient degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hardly
at all</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a small
degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a fair
degree/somewhat</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fairly
much/more so than not</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very much
so / decidedly so / to a great degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too much
so / to too great a degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to the
exclusion of all else / without consideration for anything else</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The specific modality suffixes are as follows:</p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řb</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD01</strong></td>
<td width="82%">resigned to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řd</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD02</strong></td>
<td>devoted; committed to / devoted to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<span class="style19"><strong>řč</strong></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD03</strong></td>
<td>desired / sought-after; want to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<span class="style19">řţ</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD04</strong></td>
<td>attempted, attempt at a …; try to, attempt to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řç </strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD05</strong></td>
<td>capable, able; can / able to / capable of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řc</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD06</strong></td>
<td>knowledgeable; can = know how to / familiar with</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řf</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD07</strong></td>
<td>mandatory; must / have to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řxh</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD08</strong></td>
<td>required; should / be to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<strong class="style19">řk</strong></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD09</strong></td>
<td>expected; be supposed to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nd</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD10</strong></td>
<td>intended; mean to / intend to / shall</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řg</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD11</strong></td>
<td>chosen, selected; choose to / elect to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řq</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD12</strong></td>
<td>…on impulse; feel like X-ing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="27">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řż</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD13</strong></td>
<td> promised; promise to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řj</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD14</strong></td>
<td>well-liked; like (to)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řtļ</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD15</strong></td>
<td>feared; fear (to)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řs</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD16</strong></td>
<td>willing; willing to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řš</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD17</strong></td>
<td>prepared / ready; prepared to/ready to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">řv</font></strong></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD18</strong></td>
<td>necessary / needed; need to </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řň</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD19</strong></td>
<td>Daring; dare to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řdh</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD20</strong></td>
<td>decided-upon; decide to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řz</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD21</strong></td>
<td>offered/offer of; offer to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">řž</font></strong></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD22</strong></td>
<td>aided / assisted; help to / aid in X-ing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řn</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD23</strong></td>
<td>not unexpected; be prone to / be apt to / tend to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rm</strong> </font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD24</strong></td>
<td>agreed-upon; agree to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<span class="style19">řl<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD25</strong></td>
<td>responsible for/in charge of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<span class="style19">ř<strong>p</strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD26</strong></td>
<td>remember to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<span class="style19">md</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD27</strong></td>
<td>feel a need to / feel one should / feel one must / feel driven to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<span class="style19">qf</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD28</strong></td>
<td>to guess or think [that]…</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>tf</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD29</strong></td>
<td>available; available to/for</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mv</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD30</strong></td>
<td>potential; can = have potential to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>řt </strong> </font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD31</strong></td>
<td>permitted; can = permitted to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<span class="style19">ňg</span> </td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD32</strong></td>
<td>hoped-for; hope/wish to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mf</strong></font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>MD33</strong></td>
<td>X by inclination; be inclined to</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font> <a name="Sec7o4o12" id="Sec7o4o12"></a></p>
<h3>7.4.12 Agential/Participant Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>n</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>AGC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Agency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[AGENT]
= one who forces/causes</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[ENABLER]
= one who enables to happen</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[INFLUENCE]
= one who persuades/influences</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ENABLER
BY PERMISSION] = one who permits/allows/lets happen</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[PATIENT]
= one who does/is made to do</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[EXPERIENCER]
= one who undergoes/experiences</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[INSTRUMENT]
= instrument which causes</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[STIMULUS]
= one whose status is as stimulus of affective experience</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[SOURCE]
= that which gives rise to, provides underlying reason for, source of</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify">This suffix and the following identify a formative as filling a specific semantic
role corresponding in many cases to the semantic roles discussed in <a href="04_case.html#Sec4o1o1">Sections
4.1.1</a> and <a href="04_case.html#Sec4o1o2">4.1.2</a>. In
several instances, these suffixes would translate the English “agentive”
suffixes -<em>er</em>, or -<em>or</em>.</p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, saindex.htmlstrong></font></td>
<td width="7%" https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ROL</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Role</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">that which
contains or functions as the enclosure / container / house / shelter of
or for</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">that which
results from</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> [RECIPIENT]
= one who receives / has / "-ee"</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who
is / acts as / functions as</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who
is characterized by / described by...</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who
is similar to/functions or acts similarly to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one whose
responsibility is / who is responsible for / runs the business of (operationally
speaking)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who
constructs / makes / creates</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who
manages / oversees / supervises / coordinates / runs the business of (managerially
speaking)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>pš</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>UTE</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Utilitative or Enabling Means</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tool/device/apparatus
specifically designed for X-ing</font></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">medium
by/through which one X’s</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">conduit-like
tool/apparatus for X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural/standard
body part for X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">object
employed circumstantially as implement for X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">covering/protective
element employed to allow/permit X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">enabling
element/device/apparatus to allow/foster X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">environment/situaton/circumstances/setting
which allows/fosters X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">FORCE which
causes/permits X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="CNSsuffix" id="CNSsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ž</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CNS</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Consent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">deliberately
without consent of knowledge</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">without
consent or knowledge as a precaution or “for their own good”</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">without
consent or knowledge due to circumstances</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with their
knowledge but w/o consent; against their will</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">consent
obtained under pressure, threat, coercion</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">w/ reluctant
consent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">willingly;
with full consent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with enthusiastic
approval and support</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at their
request</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>t</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MEC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Type of Mechanical Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the body’s
natural method of doing so (e.g., on foot, by hand, etc.)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a manually
manipulated generic tool or implement </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a specialized
tool for that specific purpose or activity</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a machine
or via mechanical means or process</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> a virtual,
electronic means or via engineering</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mental
power, force of will, concentration </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a redirection
or collation of energy specially applied</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a collective
pooling of manual labor resources</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a collective
pooling of electronic/mechanical/engineering resources</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rx / -xr</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>BOD</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Bodily Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a hand</font></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">an arm</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a foot</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a leg</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s
eyes</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">both legs</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">both feet</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">both arms</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">both hands</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mp</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DBI</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Additional Bodily Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a finger</font></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a thumb</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a knee</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s
head</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s
teeth</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s
lips</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s
tongue</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s
elbow</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s
fingers</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ld / -dl</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SOC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Type of Social Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">via lackeys,
grunt labor, go-fors or henchmen</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by coercion,
threat, blackmail</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> “fronts”,
or disguised go-betweens </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">indirectly
through actions of others (unbeknownst to them)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">indirectly
through actions of others (with their knowledge) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by leveraging
existing resources / personnel (deploying existing methods in a new application)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">via a proxy
or proxies</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hired help
or staff</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by delegation
of task to experts</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">ňq</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>OAU</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Origin/Association/Utilization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">entity/thing/phenomenon that hails from X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">entity/thing/phenomenon associated with X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">entity/thing/phenomenon that utilizes X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">person that hails from X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">person associated with X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">person that utilizes X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">idea/practice/custom that hails from X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">idea/practice/custom associated with X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">idea/practice/custom that utilizes X</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">ndh</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>AUT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Authorization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by being granted a personal privilege / via the generosity or largess of another or others</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by inalienable human right / by natural right</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by right of a legal claim / by right of statute or law</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by right of custom or social convention / by right of general agreement or common knowledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by granting of a personal favor or claim on a favor owed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by making of a threat or via a quid-pro-quo agreement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by one's own formal authority, rank, or formal position</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">by authority of one's social position, class, or position in informal or subjective hierarchy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">as authorized by a governing entity or formal collective authority</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><a name="RSNsuffix" id="RSNsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>šš</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>RSN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Reason for an Emotional State or Motivation for an Action </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for evil
or perverse reasons</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for foolish
or naïve reason </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">due to
deception by another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">due to
faulty information provided by another [no deception intended]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">due to
or based on faulty perception or misinterpretation of information or evidence</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">despite
negative circumstances or reasons not to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for no
reason</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for appropriate
reasons / for good reason</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for virtuous,
healthy reasons</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="MTAsuffix" id="MTAsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" height="29">-<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ps</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MTA</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Additional Motivation for an Action or State </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in anger</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in repugnance/revulsion</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in irritation</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in defense/for protection </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in fear</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">out of curiosity/to see what happens </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to provoke/elicit reaction </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to entice</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to show appreciation</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="XPTsuffix" id="XPTsuffix"></a> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ňt</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>XPT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Expectation of Outcome </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">shockingly
unexpected; without precedent or rumour</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">surprise
X / unexpected X; completely by surprise/ completely unexpected(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">manage
to X despite inadequacy of preparation or effort</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">manage
to X despite misguided or misdirected preparation or effort</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">managed
to X despite hindrance(s) or obstacles; hard-won</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">manage
to X due to hindrances or obstacles being overestimated; easier than thought
to be</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">manage
to X due to excellent preparation / planning / execution</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">completely
as expected / totally as anticipated / as predicted</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pat; outcome
pre-ordained or predetermined</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="DLBsuffix" id="DLBsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-sp</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DLB</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Deliberateness/Agency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">accidental(ly)
/ inadvertent(ly) and unaware of consequences</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unintended
/ unintentional(ly) / without meaning to and unaware of consequences</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">accidental(ly)
/ inadvertent(ly) but now aware of consequences</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unintended
/ unintentional(ly) / without meaning to but now aware of consequences</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unforseeable
/ unpredictable; unforeseeably / unpredictably</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">without
realizing or considering potential consequences</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">thinking
one can get away without reaping consequences / furtive(ly)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">realizing
potential risks or consequences / cognizant of potential risks or consequences</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">intentional(ly)
/ deliberate(ly) / on purpose / by choice; choose to</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mz / -zm</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MOT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Self-Conscious Deliberation or Motivation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">affected,
ostentatious; affectedly/ostentatiously</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">self-conscious(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">guilty
/ guiltily </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">half-hearted(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">against
better judgement / can’t help but / can’t help it </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ingrained,
by upbringing </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">learned
/ habitual; by habit / trained to </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural(ly)
/ un-self-conscious(ly) </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">autonomic
/ unaware, automatic </font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><a name="ENBsuffix" id="ENBsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ls / -sl</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ENB</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Enablement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by inadvertent
gesture/word/sign taken as order or permission </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by granting
of permission </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by cajoling
or persuasion </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by direct
request or imploring </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by direct
order based on one’s real or perceived authority</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by inadvertent
removal of hindrance </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by inadvertent
action that initiates a chain of events</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by deliberate
removal of hindrance</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by deliberate
action that initiates a chain of events</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="AGNsuffix" id="AGNsuffix"></a> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ms / -sm</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>AGN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Agency, Intent or Effectiveness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the
anticipated max. resulting effect possible</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the
anticipated resulting effect to a high degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the
anticipated resulting effect to a moderate degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the
anticipated resulting effect but only to a marginal, superficial or baredly
noticable degree</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with no
noticeable effect or resulting change</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with only
marginal, superficial, or barely noticeable effect or resulting change unanticipated</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with moderate
effect or resulting change — unanticipated</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> with the
resulting effect to a high degree — unanticipated</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the
max. resulting effect possible — unanticipated</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="IMPsuffix" id="IMPsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rz / -zr</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>IMP</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Impact on Patient/Target or Enablement of Outcome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target
can do nothing - utterly inevitable</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target
chooses to do nothing - resigned to fate</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target
tries to prevent/avoid but fails</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target
tries to prevent/avoid and does so partially or mitigates impact somewhat</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target
tries to prevent/avoid and succeeds</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target
helps/enables outcome inadvertently</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target
helps/enables outcome against own interest (i.e., without thinking)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target
helps/enables outcome intentionally despite negative consequences</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target
helps/enables outcome intentionally for own benefit</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="Sec7o4o13" id="Sec7o4o13"></a></p>
<h3>7.4.13 Miscellaneous Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>t’</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TPF</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Topic, Frame and Focus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence
topic]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[end of
frame]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[head of
relative clause]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence
topic + head of relative clause]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[end of
frame + head of relative clause]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence
topic + end of frame]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence
focus + end of frame + head of rel. clause]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence
focus]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence
focus + end of frame]</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The various functions of the above suffix are explained in <a href="05_verbs_1.html#Sec5o4">Sec. 5.4</a> on
Frames, and <a href="09_syntax.html#Sec9o1">Sec. 9.1</a> on Topic and Focus.</p>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-rm / -mr</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SWR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Switch Referencehttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ & Obviative Specification (For an explanation
and ilhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/lustration of this suffix, see <a href="08_adjuncts.html#Sec8o1o4">Sec.
8.1.4</a> and <a href="08_adjuncts.html#Sec8o1o1o7">Sec.
8.1.1.7</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nearest
preceding referent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<tdhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2nhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/d to
nearest preceding referent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3rd party
not previously mentioned</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">referring
to sentence focus</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">first referent
mentioned</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">referring
to sentence topic</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3rd party
non-transrelative referent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2nd order
transrelative referent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">higher
order transrelative referent</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>s</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PLA</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Place, State, Setting Where… </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where
one learns to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where
one does, performs, carries out X</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where
one obtains</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where
one stores or inventories</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where
one keeps or shelters</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where
one sees or views</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural
habitat or environment of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where
one deals with/ treats/ confronts</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where
one feels affected by</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mm</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>APT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Aspects</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">yet, still</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">‘even’
as in “I don’t even like them” = in the least bit, to
the slightest extent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Contemplative:
upon reflection/ in hindsight</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">upon deep
introspection / following careful consideration or meditation on the matter</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">on first
blush / at first / upon initial impression / [my] first thought is/was…</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural(ly)
/ obvious(ly) / clear(ly) [in terms of naturalness, not blatancy]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Experiential:
ever</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Regressive:
return to previous state</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Protractive:
over a long period of time / long-delayed</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-ňš</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TEM</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Alternative Temporal Aspects </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Inceptive:
begin to / start to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Resumptive:
begin again / start again / resume</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Continuative:
keep on / still / continue / stay / yet</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Incessative:
to X away / not stop</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tire of
X-ing / get tired of X-ing / become weary of X-ing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Cessative:
stop / discontinue / cease</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Pausal:
take a break from [stop with intention to re-sume]</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Recessative:
stop again</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Terminative:
finish / complete</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a name="PTFsuffix" id="PTFsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<strong class="style19">rs / -sr</strong></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTF</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Part/Whole Functional Metaphors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">engine
/ motor / heart / pump / core / driver mechanism</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">brain /
computer / chip / instruction set</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">input /
feeder / access point</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">exit point
/ anus / exhaust / tailpipe / smokestack / vent</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wing/ arm
/ branch / extensor / manipulator</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">support
/ leg / stand / base</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">skeleton
/ frame</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wiring
/ conduits / plumbing</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">sensor
/ eye / ear / antennae</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>š</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTG</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Part/Whole Gestalt Componential Metaphors </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“base”portion
(e.g., upper arm)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“extension”
portion (e.g., forearm) or “flange”</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“trunk”
or central bulk portion</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">middle
or divisional segment or joint</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">top/upper
component relative to gravity or natural vector of movement</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">bottom/lower
component relative to gravity or natural vector of movement </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">side/flank/
lateral component</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“head”
extension or main interface area</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">extension/”arm”</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><a name="METsuffix" id="METsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>qt</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MET</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Metonymic Categories </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">part for
whole</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">producer
for product</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">object
used or owned for user/owner</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">controller
for controlled</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">institution
for people responsible</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place for
inhabitants/occupants</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place for
event </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place for
institution</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">attribute
or characteristic for owner</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="justify">Metonymy is the reference to an entity via one of its attributes, associations
or activities, as in <em><strong>The ham-and-cheese</strong> wants fries with
his order</em> or <em><strong>The White House</strong> has its nose in our business.</em><br />
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><a name="SSDsuffix" id="SSDsuffix"></a><br />
</p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-k</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SSD</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Stem-Specific Derivatives</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative
1</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative
2</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative
3</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative
4</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative
5</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative
6</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative
7</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative
8</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative
9</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> This suffix is used to distinguish particular instantiations of a more generic
entity; their meaning is semantically specific to the particular stem. </p>
<p><br />
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>k’</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SBS</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%"> Subset of Configurative Set </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">single
specific member (random, i.e., any given member)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural
first level subset, e.g., <em>a cell among a network, a clique within a
club, a row of an orchard</em></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural
2nd level subset, e.g., <em>a section of a network, a subcommittee within
a club, a section of an orchard</em></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">complex
natural system or pattern within a set (e.g., <em>the circulatory system,
the heating system</em>)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">subset
of set (unknown if natural or select subconfiguration)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">complex/circumstantial
select pattern/arrangement within a set (e.g., <em>the parts/things of a
house damaged by fire</em>)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2nd level
subset (externally determined), e.g., <em>select section of trees of an
orchard</em></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">first level
subset (externally determined), e.g., <em>select rocks from a pile, select
trees of an orchard</em></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">single
select member (externally determined)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rq</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SPS</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Supersets/Multi-Level Gestalts (e.g., musical note --> melody --> movement of musical piece --> symphony/suite, etc.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">3rd-level superset/gestalt based on number nodes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">3rd-level superset/gestalt based on new layer of infrastructure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">3rd-level superset/gestalt based on complexity leading to the appearance/manifestaton of emergent properties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">2nd-level superset/gestalt based on number nodes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">2nd-level superset/gestalt based on new layer of infrastructure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">2nd-level superset/gestalt based on complexity leading to the appearance/manifestaton of emergent properties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">4th-level superset/gestalt based on number nodes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">4th-level superset/gestalt based on new layer of infrastructure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">4th-level superset/gestalt based on complexity leading to the appearance/manifestaton of emergent properties</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-p’</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ATN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Attention or Determination</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">concentrate
fully upon; pay utmost attention to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">concentrate
to point of distraction, to be ‘lost’ in X-ing </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pay strict
attention to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">determined
to</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pay attention
to; attend to; be careful that you…; heed</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">keep an
eye on </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">take some
notice of</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">barely
notice; take little notice of </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ignore
completely</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="DPRsuffix" id="DPRsuffix"></a><br />
<p></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>šk</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DPR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Dispersion or Separability of a Configurative Set</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in total
contact / contiguous mass of; pile, “ball of…”</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">non-contiguous
but closely connected, interlinked, each linked to adjacent via connecting
medium (like web); cluster</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">connected
via intervening central medium (like a vine or branches); bunch</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not physically
connected but with immediate accessibility and knowledge of other member
actions</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">scattered
- contact with nearest member possible but less possible with others</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“virtual”
association only</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">temporal
(iterative) set – iteration at long intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">temporal
(iterative) set – iteration at frequent intervals</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">temporal
(iterative) set – iteration at very short, immediate intervals / one
after another</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-mb</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SEP</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Spatio-Temporal Separability of a Configurative Set</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Logical
connectedness only (spatial)</font></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Loosely
integrated spatially – one positioned far away from another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Loosely
integrated spatially – one positioned a little ways away from another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Well-integrated
spatially – one positioned right next to or behind another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Both spatially
and temporally well-integrated (one right after another)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Well-integrated
temporally – one right after the other</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Loosely
integrated temporally – one a little while after the other</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Loosely
integrated temporally – one a long while after the other</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Logical
connectedness only (temporal)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ň</strong></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>k</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SDP</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Subset of Duplex Set</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">first,
top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of duplex set or pair (e.g.,
upper lip, inhale/inhalation, left hand)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">beginning
or leading “edge” of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead
“half” of a duplex event or object</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">middle
section of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of
a duplex event or object</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ending
or trailing “edge” of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead
“half” of a duplex event or object</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">midpoint,
peak, or lull between the 2 halves of a duplex set or pair</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">beginning
or leading “edge” of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing
“half” of a duplex event or object</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">middle
section of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing “half” of
a duplex event or object</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ending
or trailing “edge” of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing
“half” of a duplex event or object</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2nd, bottom,
back, righthand or trailing “half” of duplex set or pair (e.g.,
lower lip, exhale/exhalation, right hand)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>xt</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NEW</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Newness/Revision </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">new = original + new, i.e., never before seen </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">new = never before seen within current context, e.g., a new student </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">new = role, i.e., never functioning/existing in this capacity/manner before </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">new/other = replacement + new </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">new/other = additional instance + new </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">new/other = revision + additional </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">new/other = revision + replacement </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">new/other/different = different, not seen/used before within current context; status as addition/replacement unknown or inapplicable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">new/other/different = different + new; status as addition/replacement unknown or inapplicable</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">ks</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>COS</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Comparison Specifications (Used with Levels ) - see <a href="06_verbs_2.html#Sec6o2">Section 6.2</a> and <a href="06_verbs_2.html#Sec6o2o5">Section 6.2.5 </a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">“more”/“less” = extent/amount/volume</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">“harder”/“weaker” https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/= degree of intensity or effort</td>
</tr>
<tr>
https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">“longer”/“shorter” = duration; time spent being/doing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">“better”/“worse” = quality / style</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">“more efficiently”/“less efficiently” = efficiency / effort relative to outcome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">“greater”/“poorer” = relevant outcome / bottom-line result</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">combo of 4, 5, and 6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">combo of 1, 2, and 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">combo of 1 through 6</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%" class="style17">-ln / -nl</td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>WAK</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Spread/wake/trail/area/expanse created by passage of entity </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">quasi-linear “trail” or wake left behind on path of linear movement; trail or wake is not composed of the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., slime trail left by snail, footprints left on snow, mowed down foliage left by moving convoy, etc.)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">quasi-linear spread of entity stretching behind linearly moving “head” (e.g., a line of soldiers put in place to create a front, a line left on a piece of paper as written by an ink pen, path of a ball of string or skein of yarn as it unravels while rolling down an incline)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">quasi-linear trail/wake/spread left behind passage as line of demarcation/boundary/barrier</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2-d quasi-planar wake left behind on path of movement; wake is not composed of the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., aftermath of a forest fire, cleaned area of dirty floor or wall after it has been wiped by a mop or dustcloth)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2-d quasi-planar spread stretching behind moving front (e.g., area of spreading flames in a forest fire, area being inundated by a flood, area of a wall being covered up by plaster by workmen, coating of an apple dipped in chocolate, area of floor covered up by a rug)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2-d quasi-planar wake/spread left behind passage as area of demarcation/zone/restricted area</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3-d volume left behind a moving front; volume is not composed of or inundated with the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., area left behind the passage of a tidal wave, column of superheated air left behind the passage of a rocket</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3-d volume inundated by spread of moving front (e.g., spread of a gas within a room, area inundated by fog, volume of a container taken up by substance placed/poured/stuffed into it)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3-d volume left behind passage of moving front as volume/spatial area of demarcation/zone/restricted space</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The above affix distinguishes movement of an entity from the “trail” or spread left behind, e.g., movement which leaves behind a wake or affected area; used with motion roots as well as roots designating shapes/forms. Use of the above suffixes in conjunction with the various roots pertaining to paths of translative movement allows for very nuanced translations of English words such as <em>surround, cover, inundate, enclose, expand, spread out, encompass</em>, etc.</p>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="12%" class="style17">-šp</td>
<td width="6%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SCT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Shift/Change/Transition (used for both spatial and temporal contexts)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">sharp break, sudden shift from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another with no discernible transition period/zone (i.e., point-like/instantaneous transition)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">disjointed/non-contiguous/non-continuous break/shift from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">extremely brief/small/barely discernible transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat brief/small/discernible transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">normal/standard/expected transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat variable/changing/fluctuating transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly variable/chaotic transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">smooth, gradual transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very gradual/almost imperceptible rate/degree of change/transition from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">lm / -ml</font></strong></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NNN</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">n-numbered angles/facets/faces/sides/points/forms </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uneven /assymmetrical n–sided 2-D obtusely angled form (e.g., quadrilateral, pentagonoid, hexagonoid</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uneven/assymetrical n-pointed 2-D acutely angled “star” formation</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uneven/assymetrical n-faceted 3-D solid</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uneven/assymmetrical n-faced 3-D solid (e.g., n-hedron-like solid)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">having n number of 3-D projections/spikes/pointed surfaces</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">symmetrical n-faced 3-D solid (e.g., tetrahedron, dodecahedron)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">symetrical n-faceted 3-D solid</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">symetrical n-pointed 2-D acutely angled “star” formation (can be used with numbers as low as 2, which would refer to an elongated diamond shape)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">symmetrical n–sided 2-D form (e.g., square, pentagon, hexagon)</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The above affix is used with the number stems (see Chapter 12) to provide words for forms, shapes, and solids bearing a distinct number of angles, points, sides, facets, etc. </p>
<p><a name="LVLsuffix" id="LVLsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">m<strong>ļ</strong></font></strong></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>LVL</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Alternate forms of Comparison Operators ( Levels) (see <a href="06_verbs_2.html#Sec6o2o3">Section 6.2.3</a>) - V<span class="style34">1</span>C forms correspond to relative comparison, V<span class="style34">2</span>C forms to absolute comparison.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td width="8%"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">EQU</font></strong></td>
<td width="13%"><font fhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ace="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">EQUATIVE</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">SUR</font></strong></td>
<td><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">SURPASSIVE</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">DFC</font></strong></td>
<td><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">DEFICIENT</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td><strong><font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">OPT </font></strong></td>
<td><font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">OPTIMAL</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td><strong><font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">MIN </font></strong></td>
<td><font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">MINIMAL </font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">SPL</font></strong></td>
<td><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">SUPERLATIVE</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">IFR</font></strong></td>
<td><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">INFERIOR</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">SPQ</font></strong></td>
<td><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">SUPEREQUATIVE</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">SBE</font></strong></td>
<td><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">SUBEQUATIVE</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<h3> </h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lţ</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FNS</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Material States/Forms (non-solid / quasi-solid)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as liquid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as goo or slime-like substance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as powder or dust-like substance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as gravel or sand-like substance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as gas</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as wax(y) or clay-like substance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as rubber(y) or eslastic substance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as flexible subtance like cotton or cloth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as flaky subtance or shavings</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lf</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FMS</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Material States/Forms (solids)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as carvable substance (like wood or soap)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as chalk-like, friable substance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as rock or cement-like substance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as solid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X in natural chunks or randomly-shaped solid pieces</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as block-like or formed pieces</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as hardened/durable subtance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">X as metal(lic)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lv</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TRF</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%"><p>Transformation for Use</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">Cured (transformed by natural chemical process)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">Treated</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">Processed (transformed by artificial/man-made process)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">Transformed via exposure to or saturation w/ other substance(s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">Cooked </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">Soaked/saturated/marinated with liquid(s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">Derived (chemically or processually) from something else</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">Fermented</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">Pickled/Brined</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lb</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CVY</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%"> Means of Transportation/Conveyance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">holder / stabilizer for (transporting/holding) X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">mystical/magical/supernatural means for (transporting/holding) X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">automatic or separately controlled vehicle/vessel used for (transporting/holding) X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">automated/electronic means for (transporting/holding) X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">manually operated vessel/vehicle used for (transporting/holding) X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">jury-rigged means for (transporting/holding) X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">method/practice used for (transporting/holding) X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">device used for (transporting/holding) X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">rule/regulation/by-law for (transporting/holding) X</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lš</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FEA</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%"> Featural Properties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">functional mainfestation/portion/piece of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">container(ful) of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">a sample of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">a display(ing) of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">an instance of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">an aspect/characteristic/trait of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">a feature/function of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">a highlight / key feature of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">an example of X</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">nļ</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>STG</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%"> Stage of a Process</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">onset/initiation/birth of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">development/build-up of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">point of no return/iminent transition of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">plateau stage, rest or pause before next stage of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">(at) peak / in prime / mature stage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">abrupt or premature termination of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">gradual decline of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">end stage / final state / terminal or last stage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">cessation / finished / over / dead</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lc</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CGL</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%"> Motive/Reason for Conglomeration/Coming Together of Gestalt Entity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by voluntary/volitional association</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by appointment to the task</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by custom/societal convention/expectation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by random chance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by being forced to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by being pressured</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by reluctant volunteering</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">for pragmatic/utilitarian reasons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">by eager/enthusiastic volunteering</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lq</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>INB</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%"> Inability/Incapacity Due To . . .</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">inability/incapacity to [perform/achieve/realize] X due to absence/loss of resource(s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">inability/incapacity to [perform/achieve/realize] X due to absence/loss of physical means</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">inability/incapacity to [perform/achieve/realize] X due to absence/loss of skill/knowledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">inability/incapacity to [perform/achieve/realize] X due to blockage/prevention of access to resource(s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">inability/incapacity to [perform/achieve/realize] X due to blockage/prevention of access to physical means</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">inability/incapacity to [perform/achieve/realize] X due to blockage/prevention of access to skill/knowledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">inability/incapacity to [perform/achieve/realize] X due to psychological trauma</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">inability/incapacity to [perform/achieve/realize] X due to physical trauma</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">inability/incapacity to [perform/achieve/realize] X due to loss/absence of desire</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">ff</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PLE</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of (Un-)Pleasantness (of Effect or Result)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">maximally unpleasant, horrible, ghastly, terrible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">very unpleasant, awful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">unpleasant, mildly awful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">somewhat unpleasant, disagreeable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">neutral, neither pleasant nor unpleasant, bland</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">somewhat pleasant, agreeable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">pleasant, a nice experience</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">very pleasant, pleasureable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">maximally pleasant, very pleasureable, exstacy</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rc</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ACQ</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Acquisition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">acquired by chance/whim/having stumbled upon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">acquired by mental effort/learning/study/creation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">acquired by informal, spur-of-the-moment search</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">acquired by trickery/subterfuge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">innate/inherent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">acquired by formal search</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">acquired by informal agreement/negotiation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">acquired by formally negotiated trade or deal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">acquired by purchase</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rf</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TAL</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Capacity or Talent for...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">no capacity/talent for X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">almost no capacity/talent for X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">poor/little capacity/talent for X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"> capacity/talent for X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"> capacity/talent for X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"> above average/good capacity/talent for X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"> very good capacity/talent for X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"> excellent capacity/talent for X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"> outstanding capacity/talent for X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rtļ</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>RNC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Renunciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">give up X-ing / give up on X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">lose faith/belief in X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">stop trying to X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">undermine (efforts to) X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">refuse to X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">lose sense of resolve/commitment to X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">no longer have passion for X / lose passion for X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">lose ability to do/be/make X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">lack means/ability to X</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">mx</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DPT</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Depiction/Representation/Record</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">symbol/emblem/logo representing/standing for X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">allegorical reference to X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">stand-in/substitute for X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">symptom/consequence of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">representation/depiction/illustration of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">trace/clue/vestige of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">record of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">pointer to/indicator of X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">map/blueprint/schematic diagram of X</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lč</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ENG</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Engagement/Involvement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">avoiding X(-ing) at all costs; run away from X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">averse to X(-ing); fear X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">shirk involvement in X(-ing); not be/get involved in</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">to X for appearance' sake only; to X solely for show</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">lackluster interest/involvement in X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">marginal interest/involvement in X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">limited/partial involvement in X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">fully involved/engrossed in X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">irreversibly involved/engrossed in X(-ing)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="right"> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lg</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>OPF</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Operational Functionality</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">disintegrated, in pieces, shattered</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">irreparably damaged, ruined</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">badly damaged, non-operational, non-functional (with possibilty of being repaired)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">damaged -- only partially functional (i.e., some parts/aspects are functional while others are not)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">something wrong with X, not functioning properly, something not right with X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">impaired -- functional but not performing to full extent of output or efficiency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">in fair working order/condition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">in good working order/condition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2">in optimum working order / in excellent condition</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><a name="MLRsuffix" id="MLRsuffix"></a></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rç</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MLR</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Meta-level representation/coordination/analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">formal theory explaining/coordinating X</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">plan explaining/coordinating X</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">idea explaining/coordinating X</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">folk theory or accepted societal convention explaining/coordinating X</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">illustration/picture/graphic representation explaining/coordinating X</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">physical model explaining/coordinating X</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">mathematical model explaining/coordinating X</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">logical model explaining/coordinating X</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><span class="style40">metaphorical representation of X</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><br />
<br /></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rp</span></td>
<td width="82" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>HG1</strong></div></td>
<td width="556">Linguistic Hedges (1st group)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>more or less </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>for all practical purposes / to all intents and purposes / practically / virtually/all but technically </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>sort of / kind of </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>strictly speaking </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>essentially / in essence / basically </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>might as well be </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>in one sense </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>in some sense </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>par excellence</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">lp</span></td>
<td width="82" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>HG2</strong></div></td>
<td width="556">Linguistic Hedges (2nd group)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>in a sense / in a way</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>in a manner of speaking </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>more of a ___ than anything else </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>(what can be looked at (as) / (what) can be viewed as / (what) one thinks of (as) / one might say that </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>loosely speaking</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>so-called </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>in name only </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>so to say </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>for all I know / for all one knows </p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rn</span></td>
<td width="82" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PHS</strong></div></td>
<td width="556">Alternative suffix forms for Phase categories (see <a href="05_verbs_1.html#Sec5o5">Sec. 5.5</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top">Contextual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top">Punctual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top">Iterative</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top">Repetitive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/5</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top">Intermittent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top">Recurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top">Frequentative</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top">Fragmentative</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"><p>Fluctuative</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<h3><a name="LCTsuffix" id="LCTsuffix"></a><br />
7.4.14 Locational Suffixes</h3>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="12%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rš / -šr</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>LCT</strong></div></td>
<td width="81%">Locational Octant Markers for Object Being Located (see <a href="10_lexico-semantics.html#Sec10o3o3">Section 10.3.3</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">+X / +Y
/ +Z = “right / ahead / above” = Octant 1</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">+X / +Y
/ -Z = “right / ahead / below” = Octant 2 </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">+X / -Y
/ +Z = “right / behind / above” = Octant 3</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">+X / -Y
/ -Z = “right / behind / below” = Octant 4</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">object
at rest relative to other object</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">-X / +Y
/ +Z = “left / ahead / above” = Octant 5</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">-X / +Y
/ -Z = “left / ahead / below” = Octant 6</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">-X / -Y
/ +Z = “left / behind / above” = Octant 7</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">-X / -Y
/ -Z = “left / behind / below” = Octant 8</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>bz</strong></font></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PXM</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Proximity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too close </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> as close
as possible without contact </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> very close
to </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">close to </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat
close to </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not very
close to / somewhat far from </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">far from
/ distant from </font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">far away
/ very far from</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too far
away</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">gz</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CTC</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">Degree of Contact</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">melded
with / blended with / fused</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inseparable(ly)
/ locked together / bonded</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">linked
/ attached / connected / joined</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">touching
intimately / touching all over / flush with / in close contact with</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">deliberately
touching at several spots or places or over a fair area</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">deliberately
touching at one spot or place</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">casually
or incidentally touching at several spots or places or over a fair area</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">casually
or incidentally touching at one spot or place</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td>
<td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">barely
touching / hardly touching at all / touching at one small spot</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p></p>
<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td width="11%">-<span class="style19">rb</span></td>
<td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>VWP</strong></div></td>
<td width="82%">From Viewpoint/Perspective of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td>
<td colspan="2">from viewpoint/perspective of speaker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td>
<td colspan="2">from viewpoint/perspective of 3rd party visible/near to speaker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td>
<td colspan="2">from viewpoint/perspective of the last-mentioned argumenhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/t/referent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td>
<td colspan="2">from viewpoint/perspective of a party other than one under discussion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td>
<td colspan="2">from viewpoint/perspective of 3rd party under discussion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td>
<td colspan="2">from viewpoint/perspective of an as-yet-undetermined 3rd party</td>
</tr>
<tr>https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/
<td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td>
<td colspan="2">from viewpoint/phttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/erspective of the first-mentioned argument/referent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><fohttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/nt size="2">Degree 8 </font></td>
<td colspan="2">from viewpoint/perspective of 3rdhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ party visible/near to listener</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size="2">Degree 9<https://web.archive.org/font></td>
<td colspan="2">from viewpoint/perspective of listener</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3><strong><a name="Sec7o4o15" id="Sec7o4o15"></a>7.4.15 https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/; Format Expansion Suffixes</strong></h3>
<p>These VxC suffixes were first https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ mentioned in <a href="06_verbs_2.html#Sec6o4o3">Section 6.4.3</a> and are used in conhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/junction with the Vf Format/Context suffix in Slot XII to accomplish the following:</p>
<https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ul type="disc">
<li>Specify the Configuration and Perspective of an incorporathttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ed stem (see <a href="06_verbs_2.html#Sec6o4">Sec. 6.4</a>)<br />
</li>
<li>Expand the category of Format (see <a href="06_verbs_2.html#Sec6o4o1">Sec. 6.4.1</a>) sohttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ that it is associated with the 72 primary noun cases (see <a href="04_case.html">Chapterhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ 4</a>), i.e., so that the semantically conflated relationship of the incorporated stem https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/to the main stem of the formative can be specifically defined by a noun case. For ehttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/xample, the Format of an incorporated stem ‘<em>cat’</em> can be marked as INDUCIVEhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ case (see <a href="04_case.html#Sec4o3o2">Sec. 4.3.2</a>) in conjunction with the main stem <em>‘vocalize’</em> to ghttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ive a word meaning ‘<em>meow</em>.’ </li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<https://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/p>Twelve consonant forms are used for these Slot XI suffixes, which combine with the three suhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ffix-types to give the 36 forms necessary to specify the nine possible configuratiohttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ns and four possible perspectives of the incorporated stem. In turn, the nine suffix-degrees times eight vhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111013065539id_/http:/ithkuil.net/ocalic <strong>Vf</strong> suffixes in Slot XII combine to identify which of the 72 primary noun cases constitutes the Format of the incorporated stem. All these forms are shown in the matrices below.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>Perspective & Configuration of Incorporated Stem – Shown by VxC value</strong></p>
<table border="1" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="53" rowspan="2" valign="top"><br />
PER-SPECTIVE </td>
<td width="567" colspan="9" valign="top"><p align="center">CONFIGURATION</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">1 UNI</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">2 DPX</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">3 DCT</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">4 AGG</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">5 SEG</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">6 CPN</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">7 COH</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">8 CST</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">9 MLT</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="53" valign="top"><p align="center">M</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1tt </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2tt </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3tt </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1st’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2st’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3st’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1št’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2št’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3št’ </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="53" valign="top"><p align="center">U</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1pk </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2pk </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3pk </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1sp’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2sp’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3sp’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1šp’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2šp’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3šp’ </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="53" valign="top"><p align="center">N</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1qq </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2qq </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3qq </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1sq’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2sq’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3sq’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1šq’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2šq’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3šq’ </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="53" valign="top"><p align="center">A</p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1tk </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2tk </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3tk </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1sk’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2sk’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3sk’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V1šk’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V2šk’ </p></td>
<td width="63" valign="top"><p align="center">-V3šk’ </p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p align="center"><strong>Expanded Format Corresponding to Case – Shown by VXC suffix degree </strong>x<strong> Vf suffix value</strong></p>
<table border="1" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong> </strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">degree</p></td>
<td width="43" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong> </strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">degree </p></td>
<td width="39" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong> </strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">degree </p></td>
<td width="39" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong> </strong></p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">degree </p></td>
<td width="44" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>1 OBL</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">1</p></td>
<td width="43" rowspan="9" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center">*</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>19 PAR</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">1</p></td>
<td width="39" rowspan="9" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center">ISR </p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>37 CMM</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">1</p></td>
<td width="39" rowspan="9" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center">RSL </p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>55 DFF</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">1</p></td>
<td width="44" rowspan="9" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center">CCM </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>2 IND</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">2</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>20 CRS</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">2</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>38 COM</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">2</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>56 PER </strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">2</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>3 ABS</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">3</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>21 CPS</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">3</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>39 CNJ</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">3</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>57 PRO</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">3</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>4 ERG</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">4</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>22 PRD</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">4</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>40 UTL</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">4</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>58 PCV</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">4</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>5 EFF</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">5</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>23 MED</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">5</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>41 ABE</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">5</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>59 PCR</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">5</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>6 AFF</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">6</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>24 APL</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">6</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>42 CVS</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">6</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>60 ELP</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">6</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>7 DAT</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">7</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>25 PUR</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">7</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>43 COR</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">7</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>61 ALP</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">7</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>8 INS</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">8</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>26 CSD</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">8</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>44 DEP</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">8</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>62 INP</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">8</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>9 ACT</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">9</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>27 ESS</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">9</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>45 PVS</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">9</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>63 EPS</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">9</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>10 DER</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">1</p></td>
<td width="43" rowspan="9" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center">SCH</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>28 ASI</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">1</p></td>
<td width="39" rowspan="9" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center">ATH </p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>46 PTL</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">1</p></td>
<td width="39" rowspan="9" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center">SBQ </p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>64 PLM</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">1</p></td>
<td width="44" rowspan="9" valign="top"><p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center">OBJ </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>11 SIT</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">2</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>29 FUN</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">2</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>47 CON</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">2</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>65 LIM</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">2</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>12 POS</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">3</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>30 TFM</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">3</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>48 EXC</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">3</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>66 LOC</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">3</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>13 PRP</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">4</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>31 REF</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">4</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>49 AVR</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">4</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>67 ORI</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">4</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>14 GEN</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">5</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>32 CLA</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">5</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>50 CMP</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">5</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>68 PSV</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">5</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>15 ATT</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">6</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>33 CNV</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">6</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>51 SML</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">6</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>69 ALL</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">6</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>16 PDC</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">7</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>34 IDP</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">7</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>52 ASS</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">7</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>70 ABL</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">7</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>17 ITP</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">8</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>35 BEN</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">8</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>53 CNR</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">8</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>71 NAV</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">8</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="65" valign="top"><p><strong>18 OGN</strong></p></td>
<td width="48" valign="top"><p align="center">9</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>36 TSP</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">9</p></td>
<td width="69" valign="top"><p><strong>54 ACS</strong></p></td>
<td width="49" valign="top"><p align="center">9</p></td>
<td width="64" valign="top"><p><strong>72 VOC</strong> </p></td>
<td width="47" valign="top"><p align="center">9</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> * the default Vf suffix form is used (i.e., -a, -i, -e, or -u, depending on the formative’s Context)</p>
<p> </p>
<p align="right"><strong><a onclick="javascript:changenav2();" href="08_adjuncts.html">Proceed to Chapter 8: Adjuncts >></a></strong></p>
<p align="left"> </p>
<p align="left"> </p>
<blockquote>
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<tr>
<td width="14%"> </td>
<td width="4%"> </td>
<td width="19%"><p class="style3"> </p></td>
<td width="23%"><p class="style3"> </p></td>
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<td width="20%"> </td>
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<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style25"><a href="index.htm">Home</a></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td height="24"><a href="00_intro.html"><span class="style25">Introduction</span></a></td>
<td><a href="04_case.html"><span class="style25">4 Case Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="08_adjuncts.html"><span class="style25">8 Adjuncts</span></a></td>
<td><a href="12_numbers.htm"><span class="style25">12 The Number System</span></a></td>
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<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style25"><a href="faqs.html">FAQs</a></span></td>
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<td height="18"><a href="01_phonology.html"><span class="style25">1 Phonology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="05_verbs_1.html"><span class="style25">5 Verb Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="09_syntax.html"><span class="style25">9 Syntax</span></a></td>
<td><a href="abbreviations.html"><span class="style25">List of Abbreviations</span></a></td>
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<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style25"><a href="links.html">Links of Interest</a></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td height="18"><a href="02_morpho-phonology.html"><span class="style25">2 Morpho-Phonology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="06_verbs_2.html"><span class="style25">6 More Verb Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="10_lexico-semantics.html"><span class="style25">10 Lexico-Semantics</span></a></td>
<td><a href="lexicon.htm"><span class="style25">The Lexicon</span></a></td>
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<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="style25"><a href="updates.htm">Updates / News</a></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td><a href="03_morphology.html"><span class="style25">3 Basic Morphology</span></a></td>
<td><a href="07_suffixes.html"><span class="style25">7 Suffixes</span></a></td>
<td><a href="11_script.htm"><span class="style25">11 The Writing System</span></a></td>
<td><span class="style25"><a href="texts.html">Texts</a></span></td>
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</blockquote>
<p> </p>
<table width="98%" border="0">
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<td width="18%" height="219"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/john-quijada/a-grammar-of-the-ithkuil-language/paperback/product-18708279.html" target="_blank"><img src="images/front_cover-small.png" alt="Cover of Ithkuil Grammar book" width="164" height="212" border="0" /></a></td>
<td width="66%" valign="top"><p class="style24"> </p>
<p class="style24">For those who would like a copy of the Ithkuil Grammar<br />
in book form, <a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/john-quijada/a-grammar-of-the-ithkuil-language/paperback/product-18708279.html" target="_blank">it is now available!</a> </p>
<p align="right"><span class="style24">And while you’re at it, you can check out the novel I co-<br />
wrote</span><span class="style24"> with my twin brother Paul, <a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/john-paul-quijada/beyond-antimony/paperback/product-18831117.html" target="_blank">also now available!</a> </span></p>
<p align="right"><span class="style24">(It’s a political thriller/science fiction story that explores the<br />
philosophical implications of quantum physics, and features<br />
Ithkuil as a “para-linguistic” interface to a quantum computer.)</span></p></td>
<td width="16%" valign="middle"><p class="style24"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/john-paul-quijada/beyond-antimony/paperback/product-18831117.html" target="_blank"><img src="images/front_cover-novel.png" alt="Cover of "Beyond Antimony" by John & Paul Quijada" width="149" height="217" border="0" align="top" /></a></p></td>
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<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<blockquote>
<p align="justify">©2007-2011 by John Quijada. You may copy or excerpt any portion of the contents of this website for private, individual, or personal use which is non-commercial in nature and not for purposes of profit. Otherwise, you may copy or excerpt brief portions of the contents of this website in published, web-accessible, or commercially distributed articles, papers or webpages for purposes of review, commentary or analysis, provided you give full attribution to the author and this website. </p>
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