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diff --git a/2004-en/Chapter_7.html.orig b/2004-en/Chapter_7.html.orig new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecf51e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2004-en/Chapter_7.html.orig @@ -0,0 +1,6656 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> +<title>Chapter 7</title> +<style type="text/css"> +<!-- +.style17 {font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;} +.style19 { + font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; + font-weight: bold; +} +.style2 { font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; + font-weight: bold; + color: #999999; +} +.style3 {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: small; color: #0000FF; } +.style20 {color: #000000; font-weight: bold;} +.style22 {font-size: xx-small} +.style23 { + font-size: large; + font-weight: bold; +} +.style24 {font-size: large} +.style25 {font-weight: bold; font-size: small; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;} +.style26 { + color: #FF0000; + font-weight: bold; +} +--> +</style> +</head> + +<body> +<h2 align="center" class="style2">Ilaksh: A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language</h2> +<table width="100%" border="0"> + <tr> + <td width="22%" rowspan="7"><div align="center"><span class="style2"><img src="images/ilaksh-logo.gif" alt="Ilaksh Logo" width="140" height="159" align="top" /></span></div></td> + <td width="23%"><p class="style3"> </p></td> + <td width="24%"><p class="style3"> </p></td> + <td width="31%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="18"><span class="style3"><a href="http://www.ithkuil.net">Home</a></span></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_4.html"><span class="style3">4 Case Morphology</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_9.html"><span class="style3">9 Syntax</span></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="18"><span class="style3"><a href="Ilaksh_Intro.html">Introduction</a></span></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_5.html"><span class="style3">5 Verb Morphology</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_10.html"><span class="style3">10 Lexico-Semantics</span></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="18"><a href="Chapter_1.html"><span class="style3">1 Phonology</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_6.html"><span class="style3">6 More Verb Morphology</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_11.htm"><span class="style3">11 The Writing System</span></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><a href="Chapter_2.html"><span class="style3">2 Morpho-Phonology</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_7.html"><span class="style3">7 Suffixes</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_12.htm"><span class="style3">12 The Number System</span></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><a href="Chapter_3.html"><span class="style3">3 Basic Morphology</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_8.html"><span class="style3">8 Adjuncts</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Lexicon.htm"><span class="style3">The Lexicon</span></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="21"> </td> + <td> </td> + <td> </td> + </tr> +</table> +<br /> +<br /> +<h2 align="center" class="style20">Chapter 7: Suffixes </h2> +<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> + <tr> + <td width="2%"> </td> + <td width="28%"> </td> + <td width="25%"><a href="#Sec7o1">7.1 Suffix-Types </a> </td> + <td width="2%"> </td> + <td><a href="#Sec7o3">7.3 The Five Suffix Classes </a> </td> + <td width="3%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td> </td> + <td><a href="#Sec7o2">7.2 Multiple Suffixation </a> </td> + <td> </td> + <td><a href="#Sec7o4">7.4 List of Suffixes</a></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p align="justify">All Ilaksh formatives are capable of taking various consonant-based + suffixes. Like suffixes in other languages, these are used to modify the stem + in a variety of ways and to derive new concepts. The morpho-phonological structure of suffixes (how they are + formed from consonants and vowels) has already been briefly discussed in <a href="Chapter_2.html#Sec2o7">Section + 2.7</a>. This chapter will describe the actual function of the particular suffixes + themselves.</p> +<p align="justify">There are 154 different consonantal suffix categories, each + of which divides into the nine degrees previously discussed in <a href="Chapter_2.html#Sec2o7o2">Section + 2.7.2</a> giving a total of 1314 distinct suffixes. As described in that section, + each degree of a suffix has a distinct meaning, often representing a point along + a continuum in terms of how much or how little the underlying semantic sense + of the suffix category is being manifested by the particular formative. </p> +<p align="justify">It is important to remember that, since all morpho-semantic + stems are both nominal and verbal in meaning, all suffixes to a stem have both + a nominal and a verbal meaning. Therefore, the choice whether to translate the + suffixes below into their nominal or verbal meaning is entirely dependent on + the morpho-syntactical structure of the word within the context of its use in + a phrase or sentence as a whole. </p> +<p align="justify">We have seen in <a href="Chapter_2.html#Sec2o7">Section + 2.7</a> that consonantal suffixes fall into three suffix-types, each having nine + degrees. It is the combination of suffix-type and degree which determines the + vowel infix which accompanies each consonantal suffix. For example, the suffix + -<strong>nt</strong> of Type 1 takes the following forms for its nine degrees: <strong>-int, -ent, -änt, -önt, </strong>(<strong>a</strong>)<strong>nt, + -ünt, -ïnt, -ont, -unt</strong>. Compare this to the same suffix -<strong>nt</strong> of Type 2, whose nine forms are: <strong>-ënt, + -iont, -ient, -uent, -iant, -uënt, -iënt, -oant, -uant</strong>; and + the suffix -<strong>nt</strong> of Type 3, whose nine forms are: <strong>-iunt, -eint, -aunt, + -eunt, -aint, -ount, -ëint, -oint, -uint</strong>. + These vowel infixes for suffixes are shown in Table 22 below (this table already + appeared in Chapter 2 as Table 9; it is repeated here for convenience).<br /> +</p> +<p align="justify"><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Table 22: +Vocalic Infixes for Consonantal Suffixes by Suffix Type </font></strong></p> +<table width="80%" border="1" cellpadding="0"> + <tr> + <td width="12%" height="29"> </td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix + Type 1: -V<font size="1">1</font>C</font></strong></div></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix + Type 2: -V<font size="1">2</font>C</font></strong></div></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Suffix + Type 3: -V<font size="1">3</font>C</font></strong></div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree + 1</font></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-iC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-ëC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-iuC</strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree + 2</font></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-eC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-ëuC /-ioC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong> -eiC</strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree + 3</font></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-äC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-ieC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-auC /-eaC</strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree + 4</font></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-öC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-ueC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-euC</strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree + 5</font></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-(a)C</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-iaC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-aiC </strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree + 6</font></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-üC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-uëC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong> -uoC</strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree + 7</font></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-ïC </strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-iëC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-ëiC</strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree + 8</font></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-oC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-oaC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-oiC</strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Degree + 9</font></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-uC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-uaC</strong></font><font size="+1"><strong> /</strong></font><font size="+1"><strong> -uiC</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="center"><font size="+1"><strong>-ouC</strong></font></div></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p align="justify">NOTE: For convenience’ sake, when referring to a particular + suffix of specific type and degree, we will use the notation in the paragraph + above, followed by a slash and a number indicating the degree. Thus, the suffix + -<strong>nt</strong> of Type 1 and 4th degree will be written <strong>-V<font size="1">1</font>nt/4</strong>, + while the suffix -<strong>r</strong> of Type 3 and 8th degree would be written <strong>-V<font size="1">3</font>r/8</strong>, and so forth.</p> +<table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td height="103"><p align="center"><strong>TO THOSE FAMILIAR WITH ITHKUIL</strong></p> + <p>As part of the redesigned morpho-phonology, Ilaksh circumstantial/derivational suffixes cannot optionally appear as prefixes as in Ithkuil. Also, the optional “reversed” form of suffixes found in Ithkuil does not exist in Ilaksh. Other than these distinctions, these suffixes operate the same in Ilaksh as in Ithkuil. <br /> + </p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<div align="justify"> + <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> + <tr> + <td height="26"><div><font size="4"><strong>7.1 SUFFIX-TYPE</strong></font><font size="4"><strong>S<a name="Sec7o1" id="Sec7o1"></a></strong></font></div> + </td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> +<p align="justify">The meaning and usage of each suffix by type is particular to + each individual suffix. For example, some suffixes of Type 1 have a completely + different meaning than their Type 2 or Type 3 counterparts, while other suffixes + can be used as both Type 1 or Type 2 with the suffix having the same meaning + but conveying a different effect on the overall connotation of the word to which + they are suffixed. Still other suffixes retain their meaning across all three + suffix types but again convey a different overall connotation on the words to + which they are suffixed. </p> +<p align="justify">For example, the Type 1 suffix <span class="style24">-<strong>e</strong></span><strong>ŧ</strong>, + i.e., -<strong>V<font size="1">1</font>ŧ/2</strong>, means ‘hardly any + (of)…’ as in the word <span class="style24"><strong>kàle</strong></span><strong>ŧ</strong><span class="style24"><strong> </strong></span>‘hardly + any persons,’ while its Type 2 counterpart -<strong><span class="style24">io</span>ŧ,</strong> i.e., -<strong>V<font size="1">2</font>ŧ/2</strong>, + has the completely different meaning of ‘somewhat like/sort of like…’ + as in <span class="style24"><strong>kalìo</strong></span><strong>ŧ</strong>‘sort of like some persons.’ + Compare this, however, to the Type 1 suffix -<span class="style24"><strong>up</strong></span>, + i.e., -<strong>V<font size="1">1</font>p/9</strong>, and its Type 2 counterpart + -<span class="style24"><strong>uip</strong></span> , i.e., -<strong>V<font size="1">2</font>p/9</strong>, + which both mean ‘exactly similar to…/identical…,’ the + difference in usage being that the Type 1 suffix conveys merely a circumstantial + or incidental similarity, while the Type 2 suffix implies that the similarity + is an integral aspect of the word. In English, such a distinction would most + likely be conveyed by using a different word. For example, note the difference + when we add these two suffixes to the Ilaksh word <span class="style24"><strong>kàl</strong></span> ‘person’:<span class="style24"><strong> kàlup </strong></span>means ‘identical-looking person,’ whereas <span class="style24"><strong>kàluip </strong></span>means ‘twin.’ In this way, we can say + that the suffix -<strong>Vp</strong> with Type 1 vocalic infixes conveys a circumstantial + application of its meaning to a stem, while with Type 2 vocalic infixes, it + conveys a derivational application of its meaning (i.e., wholly new concepts + or words are derived from the stem).</p> +<p> </p> +<div align="justify"> + <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> + <tr> + <td><div><font size="4"><strong>7.2 MULTIPLE SUFFIXATION<a name="Sec7o2" id="Sec7o2"></a></strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> +<p align="justify">Ilaksh allows for a formative to take multiple Vx-C suffixes. The rules for ordering these suffixes and the special instance of one suffix modifying another are explained below. </p> +<p align="justify"><br /> +<font size="4"><strong>7.21 Ordering of Suffixes and Suffixes Modifying Other Suffixes</strong></font></p> +<p align="justify">When adding two or more suffixes to a stem, the suffixes generally + can be added to the stem in any order desired, with the exception of suffixes + which modify an adjacent suffix. The latter type of suffix is described as follows.</p> +<p align="justify">In addition to the patterns of suffix usage described in Section 7.1 above, + there is another class of suffixes which not only can be used to distinguish + a circumstantial versus derivational aspect like -<strong>Vp</strong> above, + but can also be used to modify an adjacent suffix rather than the stem. This + is somewhat analogous to the way that adverbs can be used to modify descriptive + adjectives in English. For example, in the phrase <em>suddenly blue sky</em>, + it is the blueness that is sudden, not the sky. In Ilaksh, certain suffixes + can be used to modify another suffix (usually the one following, unless there + are only two suffixes on the stem, in which case the suffix order is irrelevant); + this is done by using Type 3 vocalic infixes. For example, the suffix -<strong>Vd/5</strong>, + which means ‘enough / sufficient(ly),’ can be used both circumstantially + (using Type 1 infixes) and derivationally (using Type 2 infixes) to modify a + stem, or can be used to modify only the adjacent suffix (using Type 3 infixes). + Such suffixes must immediately precede + the suffix they are modifying, unless they are in word-final position, in which + case they modify the immediately preceding suffix. This is illustrated below:</p> +<p align="justify"><span class="style23">kàlad</span>: ‘a + sufficient person’ (i.e., one able to perform the task at hand)<br /> + <span class="style23">kàliad</span>: ‘a recruit’ + (i.e., one able to meet performance or entry requirements)<br /> + <span class="style23">kalàidüx</span>: +‘a sufficiently large person’ (where suffix <strong>-V<font size="1">1</font>x/6</strong> = ‘large’)</p> +<p align="justify"> </p> +<table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td height="103"><p align="center"><strong>NOTE TO THOSE FAMILIAR WITH ITHKUIL</strong></p> + <p>Ithkuil allows for a specialized class of personal reference suffixes of Type 3 which are essentially shortcuts for single-referent personal reference adjuncts in certain noun cases (see Section 8.1 for an explanation of personal reference adjuncts). Such shortcut suffixes do not exist in Ilaksh, the equivalent being to utilize the full personal-reference adjunct. <br /> + </p></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p align="justify"><br /> + <br /> +</p> +<div align="justify"> + <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> + <tr> + <td><div><font size="4"><strong>7.3 THE FIVE SUFFIX CLASSES<a name="Sec7o3" id="Sec7o3"></a></strong></font></div></td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> +<p align="justify">All in all, there are five different patterns in which the + meanings/functions of suffixes are distributed. There are those like -<strong>ej</strong> and -<strong>êj</strong> above where the Type 1 meaning/function is completely + different than that of Type 2. We will label these classes of suffixes <strong>V<font size="1">1</font>C</strong> suffixes and <strong>V<font size="1">2</font>C</strong> suffixes respectively, + as they represent two totally independent suffixes. </p> +<p align="justify">Additionally there are those like -<strong>up</strong> and + -<strong>uip</strong> which are essentially a single suffix with one meaning/function + that alternates between Type 1 and Type 2 infixes to distinguish a circumstantial + versus a derivational aspect in the stem to which they are suffixed. We will + label such suffixes <strong>V<font size="1">0</font>C</strong> suffixes. </p> +<p align="justify">Then there are suffixes like -<strong>(a)d/-iad/-aid</strong> shown above which alternate the circumstantial/derivational distinction using + Type 1 versus Type 2 infixes, but then go a step further by using Type 3 vocalic + infixes to indicate modification of an adjacent suffix; we will label these <strong>V<font size="1">3</font>C</strong> suffixes. </p> +<p align="justify">Lastly there is a class of suffixes labeled <strong>V<font size="1">S</font>C</strong> suffixes; this class of suffix operates like a <strong>V<font size="1">1</font>C</strong> suffix (i.e., an independent suffix which modifies the stem circumstantially, + but not derivationally) but then also uses Type 2 infixes to apply the same + meaning to the adjacent suffix, similarly to the use of Type 3 infixes for <strong>V<font size="1">3</font>C</strong> suffixes.</p> +<p align="justify">These five classes of suffixes are summarized below:</p> +<div align="justify"> + <table width="79%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="12%"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>V<font size="1">1</font>C</strong></font></div></td> + <td width="88%"><div align="justify">Takes Type 1 vocalic infixes only. + Can be either circumstantial or derivational in meaning (but not both), + depending on the particular suffix.</div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>V<font size="1">2</font>C</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="justify">Takes Type 2 vocalic infixes only. Can be either + circumstantial or derivational in meaning (but not both), depending + on the particular suffix.</div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>V<font size="1">0</font>C</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="justify">Takes both Type 1 and Type 2 vocalic infixes. Use + of Type 1 infix means suffix applies circumstantially to the particular + instance of the stem; use of Type 2 infix means the suffix is derivational + and generates an emergent concept for the stem constituting a new semantic + whole.</div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>V<font size="1">S</font>C</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="justify">Takes both Type 1 and Type 2 vocalic infixes, but + use is circumstantial only, not derivational. Use of Type 1 infix means + suffix aplies the stem; use of Type 2 infix means the suffix applies to + the adjacent suffix only.</div></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="31"><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>V<font size="1">3</font>C</strong></font></div></td> + <td><div align="justify">Same as <strong>V<font size="1">0</font>C</strong> suffixes where Type 1 infix operates circumstantially and Type 2 infix + operates derivationally; but also takes Type 3 vocalic infixes which + function to modify an adjacent suffix (as with <strong>V<font size="1">S</font>C</strong> suffixes when using Type 2 infixes)</div></td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> +<p align="justify"><br /> + <br /> +</p> +<div align="justify"> + <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> + <tr> + <td height="26"><div><font size="4"><strong>7.4 LIST OF SUFFIXES</strong></font><font color="#FF0000"><a name="Sec7o4" id="Sec7o4"></a></font></div></td> + </tr> + </table> +</div> +<p align="justify">The 154 suffix categories are given in the sections which follow. + Each suffix indicates which of the five classes of suffixes it belongs (<strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">V<font size="1">1</font>C, + V<font size="1">2</font>C, V<font size="1">0</font>C, V<font size="1">S</font>C, </font></strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">or<strong> V<font size="1">3</font>C</strong></font>), + the consonant-form associated with it, its overall function, its three-letter + label used in morphological analysis, and the meaning or translation of each + of its nine degrees. For most degrees, a nominal and verbal meaning is given. </p> +<h3 align="justify"><br /> + 7.4.1 Demonstrative Suffixes</h3> +<p align="justify">These suffixes correspond to various determiners and modifying + adjectives in English having to do with denoting or identifying a noun within + a larger context or discourse.</p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kt</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DEF</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Definiteness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">any (number + of) [random selection - NOT quantitative/partitive “any”]; in + any manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost + any; in almost any (number of) way(s)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some X + or other; in some way or other</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some certain + X ; in some certain way [identity unknown]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">this X + or that; a certain X or more; in this way or that [identity almost known + – choices limited]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a certain + / a particular; in a certain or particular way [identity ascertainable]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">presumably + this/that; apparently this X ; in that way presumably [tentatively identified] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">this/that/said; + in said manner/(in) that way [identity known]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at hand/under + discussion/this one now/instant; in this manner [identity = present context]</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kt</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DSR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Discretion</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">announced/advertised/heralded; + w/ public disclosure</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">open & + well-known; with full public knowledge</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">open/public; + for all to see/publicly/openly </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">shown, + open, or available by request/ by request</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">semi-public(ly), + exclusive(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">own/personal; + personally</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">own private; + privately </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">secret; + secretly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">confidential/classified</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><span class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ŧ</font></span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>INL</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Inclusion</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not a(ny), + not one, no X whatsoever, none of X; in no such manner </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hardly + any, barely any X; in hardly any such manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some few/a + few certain … ; in a few certain ways</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some (of)/certain + . . .; in certain ways</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">several + / more than a few / various / in various ways / in several different ways</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a significant + portion of/a fair number of; in a fair number of ways</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">most/in + most ways</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost + every; in almost every way</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">each/every; + in each way</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><span class="style24"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ŧ</font></span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EXT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Exactness of Identity / Identity As a Referent Or Standard</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nothing + like that X; nothing like that ; in no way similar</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + like that X; somewhat so</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nearly + or almost that X; nearly or almost so</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just about + . . . / for all intents and purposes</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">kind of + / type of / this sort of; typically</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">such (a); + in such a manner </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">clear (case + of); clearly / certainly / indeed[in negative sentences = no way / at all]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just like + that; just so, thus(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the exact + X / the very (one); exactly thus / exactly so</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span class="style17">ņ</span></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>s</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FAM</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Familiarity</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unknowable + / alien; unable to even try X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">totally + unfamiliar; totally unaccustomed to X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unfamiliar; + unaccustomed to X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + unfamiliar; somewhat unaccustomed to X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">only just + (recently) familiar; only just recently familiar to X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + familiar; somewhat accustomed to X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">familiar/known; + accustomed to X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-known + / utterly familiar with / ingrained; inherently accustomed or used to X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">intimate + with; intimately involved with / intimately accustomed to</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>p</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SIM</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Similarity</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">opposite; + as different as possible / at the other extreme</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">completely + different/dissimilar; in a totally different or dissimilar way</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">rather + different / barely similar / almost completely different or dissimilar; + in an almost completely different way</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">other [=different]; + in another [=different] way</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + different, only superficially similar; somewhat differently</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">similar + in the ways that count/similar down deep, some sort of X; similarly at deep + level</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(somewhat) + similar, only superficially different, sort of like, something like, X-like; + similarly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very similar; + very similarly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[exactly + the] same, indistinguishable from; in the [exactly] same way</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<h3> 7.4.2 Deictic Suffixes</h3> +<p align="justify">Deictic suffixes refer to the grammatical process of <strong>deixis</strong>, + the act of pointing to or pointing out. The suffixes correspond to the different + variants of the concepts of ‘here’ and ‘there.’ In Ilaksh, + distinctions are made in these suffixes as to whether a referent is near the + speaker, near the listener, distant from both, whether it is observable or accessible, + and in some case, whether it is alienable or inalienable (i.e., whether the + entity can be separated from the associated person).<br /> +</p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><span class="style19">rf</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DEX</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Deixis Categories</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">yonder + / way over there somewhere / a long way away (not near anyone) [inaccessible + or unobservable] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">over there + somewhere (by third party) [inaccessible or observable]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">there somewhere + (by listener) [inaccessible or observable] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">here somewhere + (by speaker] [inaccessible or observable]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">here (by + speaker and accessible] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">here with + us (by speaker and listener and accessible] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">there [by + listener and accessible] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">there (by + third party, but accessible to speaker and listener) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">yonder + / way over there [not near any party but accessible]</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><span class="style17">rf</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DXX</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">More Deixis Categories</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread + out/ everywhere / scattered yonder / all over out there [inaccessible]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread + out/ everywhere / scattered all about listener / all over the place around + listener [inaccessible]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread + out/ everywhere / scattered all about speaker / all over the place / here + and there [inaccessible]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread + out/ everywhere / scattered all about speaker / all over / here & there + [observable but inaccessible]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread + out/ everywhere / scattered all throughout speaker / enveloping speaker + [inalienable]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread + out/ everywhere / scattered all throughout speaker / enveloping speaker + [alienable]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread + out/ everywhere / scattered all about speaker/all over the place / here + and there [accessible]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread + out/ everywhere / scattered all about listener / all over the place around + listener [accessible]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">spread + out/ everywhere / scattered yonder / all over out there [accessible]</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p align="left"> </p> +<h3>7.4.3 Sequential Suffixes<a name="Sec7o4o3" id="Sec7o4o3"></a></h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nn</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SEQ</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Numerical Sequence</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">first / + initial; first(ly) / first of all</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">second; + secondly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">third; + thirdly </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">still near + the beginning / not yet halfway</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the middle + one, in between (sequentially)/ just about halfway there</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nearing + the end</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">third from + last; antepenultimately</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">next to + last; penultimately</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">last / + final; last(ly) / finally (in terms of sequence)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nn</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SQT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Sequence Relative to Present Context</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">immediately + beforehand / first</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one before + preceding</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the former; + primarily</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">two before + preceding </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">current/at + hand; now/currently / at the moment [in sequence of events]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">second + one after next</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the latter; + secondarily </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one after + next</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">next / + following; then / next</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rç</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SQC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Sequence of Cause and Effect</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">originating; + originally / in the first place / initially / at the outset</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">preliminary; + preliminarily</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">preparatory + / in preparation for / getting ready to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">awaited; + waiting to/ waiting for [focus on imminency or sequential position, NOT + on anticipation] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">precursor + to; but just beforehand</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">based on + the preceding and setting the stage for what follows</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">eventual + / at last; at last / finally (result) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">following + /...which follows; then subsequent to that / following that... </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">subsequent + / consequent; then / so / thus / therefore </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<h3> 7.4.4 Coordinative Suffixes<a name="Sec7o4o4" id="Sec7o4o4"></a></h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>w<br /> + </strong></font>or -V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rđ</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>COO</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Adjunctive Coordination</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in conjunction + with / combined with / including X</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">and / also + / additionally/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> . . . + and so forth / and so on / and all that/ and whatever else</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">and at + the same time / and simultaneously</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">and [all + in a series]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">or [potentially + inclusive] = and/or</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">either + . . . or [exclusive or] / or else</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">. . . or + something else / or whatever / or whatever else</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">either + . . . or [exclusive or in a series] </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p align="justify"> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rr</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CTR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Contrastive Coordination</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">still / + nevertheless / however — (despite seemingly inherent conflict or contradiction)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">besides + / not just . . . but also / in addition to X… also </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">even / + or even / … still [e.g., thicker still]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">or [= otherwise]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">as opposed + to / but not</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">but [qualifying]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">however + / on the other hand — (simple difference in expected outcome, no inherent + conflict)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">but (rather) + [= substitute]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just in + case / should the need arise</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rr</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DST</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Distributive Coordination</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">applying + to each equally [unfairly]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">applied + selectively by decision/preference [unfairly]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">respectively + (=to each) but in differing amounts [unfairly] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">selectively + at random [unfairly]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">respectively + [= applied in the sequentially spoken order]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">selectively + at random [fairly]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">respectively + (=to each) but in differing amounts [fairly]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">applied + selectively by decision/calculation [fairly]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">applying + to each equally [fairly]</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p></p> +<h3> 7.4.5 Temporal Suffixes</h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kŧ</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TPI</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Impact or Duration Over Time</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">immediate + / at this instant / for this moment; momentary</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">temporary + / for right now / for the moment; temporarily / in the meantime [duration + of context. recent]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">short term/for + now; in the short term/for now/ / for the immediate future [hours to days]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for the + meantime / for the meanwhile [days to weeks to months]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for a while + / for some time to come [months to several years]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for the + foreseeable future [years to decades]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">long term/in + the long run; over the course of time [over the course of a lifetime, decades + to centuries]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">through + the ages / over the course of the ages [centuries to millenia]; permanent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ever-present + / eternal / constant / incessant / neverending; from now on / eternally + / all the time / for all time</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ll</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FRQ</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Frequency</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">never</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">rare / + hardly ever / once in a great while; rarely / almost unheard of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">infrequent; + seldom / infrequently</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">now and + then / from time to time / off and on / every so often / now and again occasionally + / sometimes</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">frequent; + frequently / often</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">usual; + usually / customarily / generally</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost + always / rarely fail to / routinely</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ever-faithful + / unwavering; always / every time / without fail / like clockwork / never + fail to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">constant + / continuous; constantly / continuously / all the time</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>z</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TPR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Temporal Placement/Reaction/Viewpoint</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wistfully + looking back / in the (good) old days [with longing]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in hindsight + / looking back</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">upon further + consideration/upon reflection</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">initial; + at first/initially / at first blush / at first glance</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">now that + the moment has come / now that the time is here / now that the deed or event + is at hand</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">any moment + now; on the verge of; just about to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imminent(ly) + ; very soon</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">soon [w/ + anticipation]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">someday. + . . / one day [with longing]</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rň</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TPP</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Temporal Position Relative to Present</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in the + remote past, once upon a time</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">past/former/previous; + once [e.g., I was young once], a long time ago</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">recent; + recently</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">. . . just + past / just (happened)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">present/current/present + day; now / at present / presently / currently</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imminent; + just about to / about to / on the verge of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">forthcoming + / soon to arrive; soon</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">future + / -- to be / --to come / eventual(ly); someday... </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in the + remote future / far in the future / long after we’re gone</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>pŧ</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ATC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Anticipation</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">long-awaited + / long looked for</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">eagerly + awaited; can’t wait for / dying to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">anticipated + / awaited; in anticipation of / look forward to </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">up for + / up to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">await / + wait to / wait for / waiting to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ambivalent + about ; could take or leave it</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not looking + forward to </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dreaded; + dread X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">long-dreaded; + dread the day when</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>z</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>LAT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Lateness/Earliness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way too + early / way too soon</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too early + / too soon</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little + early / a bit soon </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost + late / not a moment too soon</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just in + time / sharp / on the dot </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little + late</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">late</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too late</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way too + late</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><a name="ITNaffix" id="ITNaffix"></a><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nt</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ITN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Iteration</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">just once + / once only</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">again / + once more / one more time / re-</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">again and + again / keep X-ing over and over [focus on habit, not periodicity]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">again and + again / keep X-ing over and over [focus on periodicity, not habit]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">irregular, + unpredictable ; at irregular or unpredictable intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[cyclic] + return of... / ...once again; return to / …back again [e.g., summer’s + back]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">intermittent; + intermittently / at regular intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">repetitive + / repeating; repeatedly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">constantly + cycling or repeating / continuously or perpetually repeating / constant, + eternal, perpetual repetition of </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">ň</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>RPN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Pattern of Spatio-Temporal Repetition or Distribution of Set + Members</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow-paced + repetition at regular intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow-paced + repetition at irregular intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow-paced + repetition at mixed intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mid-paced + repetition at irregular intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mid-paced + repetition at regular intervals </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mid-paced + repetition at mixed intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast-paced + repetition at mixed intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast-paced + repetition at irregular intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast-paced + repetition at regular intervals</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<h3> 7.4.6 Quantifying Suffixes</h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">S</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>lz<strong></strong></strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DGR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Exactness of Degree </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unknowable + degree or amount of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unknown + degree or amount of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost + impossible to determine degree of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nowhere + near the desired degree of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hard to + pinpoint / hard to determine / difficult to determine </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fluctuating, + ever-changing (amount of); to changing/fluctuating degree or extent of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">vaguely + around / vaguely in the range of / somewhere around / loosely in the vicinity + of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">approximate(ly) + / somewhere around / just about; or something like that / …or so</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">exact/specific; + exactly / specifically / on the dot / sharp / to the letter</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ss</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTW</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Contiguous Portion of the Whole</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">no amount + of / none (of)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a very + few / a tiny amount of / a tiny number of; only a tiny bit / a tiny bit</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">few / a + little / a bit; a little / a bit</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some, any + [= some of] / some of or any of the / a portion; partially / to some extent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a fair + number of / a fair amount of / pretty (+adj.) / fairly (+adj.) / rather + / somewhat; more or less / to a fair extent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">much / + many / (such) a lot of / very / quite (a); quite; a lot / very much / to + a large extent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a whole + lot of / a verly large amount or number of / immensely, in an incredible + amount / so much…; so</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">most of + / mostly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> every + / all (of)/whole; entirely/in its entirety</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ss</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Non-Contiguous (i.e., Intermixed) Portion of the Whole </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">no amount + of / none (of)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a very + few / a tiny amount of / a tiny number of; only a tiny bit / a tiny bit</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> few/a + little / a bit; a little / a bit</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some, any + [= some of] / some of or any of the / a portion; partially / to some extent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a fair + number of / a fair amount of / pretty (+adj.) / fairly (+adj.) / rather + / somewhat; more or less / to a fair extent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">much / + many / (such) a lot of / very / quite (a); quite /; a lot / very much / + to a large extent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a whole + lot of / a very large amount or number of / immensely, in an incredible + amount / so much…; so</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">most of + / mostly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">every / + all (of) / whole; entirely / in its entirety</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><a name="CNMaffix" id="CNMaffix"></a></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">o</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mt</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CNM</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Type of Container/Packaging/Conveyance/Holder</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="27"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">jar/pot + of X [storage + containment]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dispensor-type + container/package, e.g., tube, barrel, bottle for multiple use</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">can/tin/bottle/sealed + pouch [= storage + packaging + protection/preservation]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">carton/box/basket + [= temporary containment]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural + or generic mass containment/packaging/holder (e.g., a loaf of bread, a lump + of clay)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">satchel, + pack of [= for personal conveyance/moving]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pile of, + load of [= in context of conveyance/moving or bulk storage]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">X-ful of + [+ Partitive], e.g., a roomful of clowns, a skyful of clouds, a treeful + of leaves, a spoonful</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">embodiment/manifestation + of abstract essence, e.g., a life form [= an embodiment of life]</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>d</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SUF</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree Of Sufficiency</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">none at + all; not…at all</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way too + little / woefully insufficient / way too few; not...anywhere enough / totally + under-[+verb]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not enough + / insufficient / too few; not...enough / insufficiently / under-[+verb]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not quite + enough / slightly insufficient; not...quite enough / a bit insufficiently + / slightly under-[+verb]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">enough + (of) / sufficient; enough / sufficiently</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little + too / a little too much; a little too much / slightly over- [+verb]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too / toomuch; + too much / too many / over- [+verb]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way too + / way too much; way too much / totally over- [+verb]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inundated + with; to the exclusion of all else / to the point that X overwhelms or takes + over</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>b</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EXN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree or Extent</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">none (at + all); to no extent at all</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tiniest + part of / a bit of; to smallest extent / hardly / barely</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">only a + part of / only some of; to some extent / partially / partly / somewhat</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">less than + usual / below normal; less so than usual/ to a lesser degree or extent than + usual</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the normal, + expected or usual amount (of)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">more than + usual / above normal; more so than usual; to a greater degree or extent + than normal</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">way more + than usual / way above normal or expected; to a much greater degree or extent + than normal</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost + as much as possible / near(ly) maximum</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">total, + -ful; to greatest extent / maximum / maximal; maximally / at full capacity, + e.g., She bought out the store.</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">S</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>y/rg</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EXD</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Dynamically Changing Degree or Extent</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">less and + less / fewer and fewer / ongoing decrease in; decreasingly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a lot fewer + / a lot less (of); a lot less</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fewer / + less (of); less </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little + less (of) / a bit less (of); a little less / a bit less </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a fluctuating + amount or degree of; to a fluctuating degree or extent </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little + more (of) / a bit more (of); a little more / a bit more </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">more (of); + more </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a lot more + (of); a lot more </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">more and + more / continuing increase in / increasingly more</font> / <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ever-increasing</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> This suffix is used with all vector-like or gradient concepts. When used with + the <font size="2">COMPLETIVE</font> version, degrees 1 and 9 imply attainment + of a change in state, e.g., <em>sleepiness → sleep.</em></p> +<h3><br /> + 7.4.7 Modulative Suffixes<a name="Sec7o4o7" id="Sec7o4o7"></a></h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">o</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ns</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>RCO</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Recoil in place (spring back; snap back; fall back into place)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">o</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>n<span class="style19">ž</span></strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TFI</strong></div></td> + <td>Back & forth; to & fro in place (e.g., pendulum, wagging tail)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">o</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nš</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TFV</strong></div></td> + <td>Back & forth over linear vector (e.g., snake-like; zig-zag)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">o</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nz</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CRI</strong></div></td> + <td>Cycle or circular motion in place (spin, revolve)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">o</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nŧ</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CRV</strong></div></td> + <td>Cycle or circular motion over linear vector (e.g., train wheels, bike + wheels)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">o</font><span class="style19">ňň</span></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MDL</strong></div></td> + <td>Random pattern of modulation (unpredictable/irregular movement pattern)</td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> These suffixes operate in conjunction with Phase (<font color="#000000"><a href="Chapter_5.html#Sec5o3">see + Sec. 5.3</a></font>) to describe contexts involving recoil, spring motion, oscillative, + cyclic, reflective or vibrative motion, using the following degrees:</p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="12%"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td width="88%" colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not enough</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hardly + at all </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a small + degree </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a less + than normal degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to the + normal / standard / usual degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a greater + than normal degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a large + degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a very + large degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too much + / overly</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>g</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FLC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Fluctuation/Stability</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inherently + and consistently unstable and random to a high degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly + variable/random fluctuation or instability</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moderately + variable/random fluctuation or instability</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">increasing + fluctuation or destabilization in pattern</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tending + toward fluctuations and periods of instability</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">decreasing + fluctuation or instability in pattern = increasing stability</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moderately + stable and lacking in fluctuations</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">complete + lack of fluctuation or instability; highly stable</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inherently + and consistently stable</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /> +</font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">S</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>f</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ICR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Increase</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">S</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ft</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>DCR</strong></td> + <td>Decrease</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">S</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ht</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>ICD</strong></td> + <td>Increase then Decrease</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">S</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kf</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>DCI</strong></td> + <td>Decrease then Increase</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">S</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ty</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>IDR</strong></td> + <td>Random/Varying Increases and Decreases<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>Used with the following degrees, the above five suffixes operate to expand Phase + into showing increases or decreases (or wavering) of intensity of an action + during its duration.</p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td width="89%"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">so slowly + as to seem immovable</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very slowly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slowly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat slower than + normal </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">normal/usual/standard + speed</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat faster than + normal</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast/quickly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very rapidly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">so rapidly as to be + unable to follow</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>fs</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MVT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Stillness/Movement</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unmovable + – integrated</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unmovable + due to mass</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not easily + moved</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inclined + to stillness</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">holding + still</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moving + around slightly, stirring</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moving + around in one place</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moving + around, agitated</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly agitated, unable to keep still</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<h3><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /> + <br /> + <br /> +</font> 7.4.8 Qualifying Suffixes</h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>x</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SIZ</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Size</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too small</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very small/ + very little/ miniscule/ tiny/ itty-bitty;in a very small manner; barely/hardly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">small/little</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little + on the small size / undersized / petite </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a little + on the large size / oversized / jumbo </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">big/large; + in a large manner </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very big/very + large; in a very large manner </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">enormous(ly) + / huge(ly) / humoungous(ly) / gigantic(ally)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too big + / too large / too huge; in too large a manner</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>x</strong></font><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">w/vz</font></strong></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SCO</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Dynamic Change of Size</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">smallest + single manifestation of / particle of </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">runaway + shrinkage of / rapid disappearance or diminishment of </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">solitary + / only / sole / lone / unaccompanied; alone / by -self / on his own / unaccompanied + / solely</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">decreasing + / de-escalating / shrinking </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">compact/concentrated; + in efficient or compact way [e.g., <em>canyon → </em><em>gorge</em>]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">expanded/enhanced; + in expanded or enhanced way [e.g., <em>canyon → </em><em>rift valley</em>] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">growing, + increasing, escalating </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">runaway + / runaway growth, increase or expansion of </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">synergistic + expansion e.g., hit (+ <font size="1">RCP</font> valence) → fight</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>h</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>AFT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Affect</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">cute/darling + / in a cute or darling manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too cute + / schmaltzy / in a maudlin way</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">kitschy + / quaint(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dear, endearing(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">lovely + / elegant</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">esteemed</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imperious + / royal / most high / most excellent / revered </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too grand + / too imperious</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">great / + grand; in a great / grand / grandiose manner</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><strong class="style19">č</strong></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>QUA</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Quality, Effectiveness or Adequacy</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too poor(ly); + too badly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very bad(ly) + / very poor(ly) / very inadequate(ly) / intolerable / intolerably / terrible + / terribly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">bad / poor + / inadequate; badly / poorly / inadequately / wanting / lacking</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not-so-good + / could be better; somewhat poor(ly) or bad(ly) / somewhat wanting or lacking + / below average</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not-so-bad + / average; could be worse; so-so / somewhat well / OK, I guess / adequate(ly) + / acceptably </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">good/effective; + well/effectively/ more than adequate / above-average</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very good + / very effective(ly) / very well</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">excellent(ly) + / superb(ly) / outstanding(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">astounding(ly) + / amazing(ly) great or well / unbelievably excellent / absolutely superb(ly) + / unsurpassable(ly)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>c</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>UNQ</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Specialness or Uniqueness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">vulgar, + trashy, too cheap / in a vulgar or trashy manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">cheap, + tasteless, gaudy, gauche / in a cheap, gaudy, gauche or tasteless manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">run of + the mill / unexceptional / average / commonplace / ordinary; in a commonplace + or unexceptional manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + ordinary / somewhat common(place)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + special / somewhat out of the ordinary / interesting(ly) / intriguing(ly) + / eye-catching / appealing(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">special; + epecially</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">extraordinary + / highly unusual; extraordinarily</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(one and) + only/unique; in the only way / uniquely / unparallelled</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">marvelous + / wonderful / wondrous / awesome / awe-inspiring</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>tf</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CNQ</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Consequentiality, Finality or Irrevocability</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inconsequential/sham/having + no effect; like it didn’t even happen/with no effect</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">relatively + inconsequential / having little effect / easily reversible or undone / to + little effect / minor / to minor degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + inconsequential/having only some effect/reparable/reversible/to some effect + / somewhat minor</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not so + minor / somwhat significant degree / reversible with effort / having a somewhat + significant impact or effect</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">consequential + / having a fair effect / reversible only with concerted effort / to good + effect</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Overall + / signifcant degree of; all in all / for the most part/to great effect / + on the whole</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">virtually + total/near total; nearly for good/almost completely</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">utter / + complete / total; altogether / completely / for good / utterly / irrevocably + for all intents and purposes</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for all + time / forever / finally</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ky</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NTR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Notoriety, Acceptance, Respect, Honor</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pariah-like + / ostracized; in an alienating or self-ostracizing manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">infamous; + infamously</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">frowned-upon + / disapproved ; in a manner guaranteed to arouse disapproval</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tolerated; + in a tolerated manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">common + / customary / expected / accepted; in an common, customary, expected, or + accepted manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">notorious(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-known + / well-liked / well thought of; in a totally appropriate way / in a manner + befitting a gentleman or lady</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">respected + / honored; respectfully / honorably</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly + praised / highly honored / highly esteemed / highly respected / most excellent + / most honorable</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>gy</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>APR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Contextual Appropriateness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">contemptable(-ly) + / utterly inappropriate(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">scandalous(ly) + / trashy(-ly) / inappropriate(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> ill-mannered + / boorish(ly) / improper(ly) / tasteless(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">eyebrow-raising + / questionable(-ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + improper(ly) / unorthodox(ically) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">acceptable(-ly) + / adequate(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">appropriate(ly) + / proper(ly) / correct(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">utterly + appropriate(ly), very proper(ly); strictly correct(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">stuffy + / orthodox / old-fashioned; utterly predictable(ly)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>dz</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>HRC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Position on Social, Occupational, or (Para-) Military Hierarchy</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">bottom + rung / the “dregs”</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">rank & + file </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">lower echeleon</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">lower-mid</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mid-level</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">upper mid</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">upper echeleon</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">senior</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">head / + chief / top / executive</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>This suffix, for example, would be used to distinguish the names of the various + ranks within a military or paramilitary organization such as <em>private, corporal, + sergeant, lieutenant</em>, etc. all the way up to <em>general</em> and <em>supreme + commander</em>.</p> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>sp</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FRM</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Formality</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too casual + / overly casual</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very casual</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">casual</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + casual</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">neither + casual nor formal </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + formal </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">formal</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very formal</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too formal + / overly formal</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>j</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TYP</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Typicalness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unique + / never-before-seen / one of a kind / shocking</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">original + / avante-garde; surprising(ly) / innovative(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">atypical(ly) + / unusual(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + atypical(ly) or unusual(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">garden + variety / run-of-the-mill / typical(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">expected + / common; in a commonplace manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">disappointingly + typical; very typically </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unoriginal + / mundane; in an uninspired way</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">stereotyped + / stereotypical(ly) </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>zz</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTY</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Prototypicalness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very dissimilar + to prototype, very atypical member, closer to members of different set</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dissimilar + to prototype, atypical member </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">having + noticeable dissimilarities from prototype </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + dissimilar to prototype</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">having + unknown degree of closeness or similarity to prototype </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">adequately + similar to prototype</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">as close + to prototype as is typically found</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">as close + to prototype as possible</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">prototype/archetype/model</font> </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">žž</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ITG</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Intelligence Manifested</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dumb / + stupid / assinine; idiotic(ally) / moronic(ally)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">foolhearty + / foolish(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ill-conceived(ly) + / (in a) poorly thought out (way) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">naïve(ly) + / simplistic(ally) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-intentioned + but ill-conceived / reckless(ly); risky </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-reasoned + / intelligent(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">innovative(ly) + / daring [based on analysis and judgement] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ingenious + / brilliant </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wise(ly); + [V2c’ = ‘philosophical(ly)] </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19"><strong>š</strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">p</font></span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MDN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Age or Modernity</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">prehistoric + / proto-</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ancient</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">old (first) + / archaic </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">classic(al) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">old-fashioned; + in the old-fashioned way </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“yesteryear”; + in the era just passed; in the previous zeitgeist </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">modern, + contemporary, present-day </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">innovative + / trailblazing; innovatively, trailblazingly, cutting-edge </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">avant-garde </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<h3>7.4.9 Modifying Suffixes<a name="Sec7o4o9" id="Sec7o4o9"></a></h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="10%">-V<font size="1">S</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>r</strong></font></td> + <td width="8%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NA1</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Negation/affirmation of all morphological components</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="27">-V<font size="1">S</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>l</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NA2</strong></div></td> + <td>Negation/affirmation of stem + affixes but not adjunct information</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">S</font><span class="style19">ř</span></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NA3</strong></div></td> + <td>Negation/affirmation of all morphological components except Modality </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">S</font><span class="style19">ř</span><span class="style19">ř</span></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NA4</strong></div></td> + <td>Negation/affirmation of all but aspectual or Modality information </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p align="justify"> The above four suffixes are used to affirm or negate a formative. Because much + of the information associated with an Ilaksh formative is carried in adjuncts, + the above suffixes are used to indicate exactly which morpho-semantic information + is being affirmed or negated. For example, in English the sentences <em>I don’t + want to stop eating, I want to not stop eating, and I want to stop not eating</em> mean different things. The above four suffixes are used with the following degrees. </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="12%"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td width="88%" colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">on + the contrary…most cerainly does NOT/is NOT [absolute negation]; no + X whatsoever; absolutely not = emphatic negation/denial</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">on the + contrary…does NOT or is NOT [absolute negation contrary to expectation]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">on the + contrary…does NOT or is NOT [relative negation contrary to expectation]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">no; not + [absolute negation] = e.g.,<em> I will not win the race (because I’m + not in the race)</em></font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">no; not + [relative negation] = e.g., <em>I will not win the race (although I am in + the race)</em></font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost + / near(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hardly + / barely</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">…does + (too) / is (too) [= simple affirmation contrary to expectation]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">…is + indeed / does indeed / most certainly is / most certainly does [emphatic + affirmation]</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /> +</font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">rb</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DEV</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Development</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">reversal + or undoing of process = ‘un-’ / ‘de-’ / ‘dis-’</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">reversal/undoing + of process in large chunks = ‘un-’ / ‘de-’ / ‘dis-’</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">reversal + little by little / a little at a time = entropic change in / slowly falling + apart / unravelling</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">moribund + / stagnant; in a moribund or stagnant manner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">well-maintained + / well-kept / “healthy”; keep X going / maintain X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one by + one / one at a time / one after another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">little + by little / a little at a time / bit by bit / a piece at a time</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by leaps + and bounds / in large amounts at a time</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">complete + achievement now irreversible / set in stone</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>pt</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>REA</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Genuineness or Veracity</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">real / + actual / true / genuine; truly, genuinely, really, actually, indeed [affirmation + contrary to suggestion otherwise]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">real / + actual / true / genuine; truly, genuinely, really, actually, indeed</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">apparent + / seeming / looks like a; apparently / appears to have / seems to have</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">suspicious-looking + / ”fishy” seeming; presumably /allegedly / gives the appearance + of having</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ersatz + / facsimile; as an equivalent to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">substitute + / replacement / proxy / fill-in / placeholder; as a substitue or proxy for</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fake / + pretend / mock; pretend to, fake X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imaginary + / unreal / made-up ; imagine X-ing, not really X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">imaginary + / unreal / made-up ; imagine X-ing, not really X-ing [contrary to suggestion + otherwise]</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rk</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SCS</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Success versus Failure</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">total failure + in; completely fail to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">failed, + would-be; unsuccessfully, fail to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">= INEFFECTUAL + or INCOMPLETIVE version (see Sec. 5.3) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">certain + to be a failed / certain to fail in</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">marginally + successful(ly) / barely, hardly [in terms of adequacy or success] </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">certain + to be a successful ; certain to succeed in </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">= POSITIVE + or EFFECTIVE version (see Sec. 5.3)</font> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">successful(-ly + completed); successfully</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">overwhelmingly + successful(ly)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>v</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CAP</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Potential or Capability</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">utterly + incapable / completely lacking in all necessary abilities or capacities</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">underqualified; + almost totally lacking in necessary abilities or capacities</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">lacking + in certain key capabilities; mostly inadequate to task</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">possible + but less than likely due to underdeveloped capabilities</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unknown + if capable or not</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + capable / has possible potential to perform</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">sufficiently + capable / adequate potential to perform</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fully capable; + well within abilities</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">overly + qualified; more capable than necessary or required</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">v + *</font></strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong></strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PRB</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Probability or Likelihood<br /> + * <font size="2">This suffix takes a -V</font><span class="style22">3</span><font size="2"> suffix form to apply its meaning + to an adjacent suffix only.</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">impossible + / hopeless / lost cause</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost + no chance of / virtually impossible</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly + unlikely </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unlikely + / improbable(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">possible; + possibly </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hopeful(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">probable; + probably</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly + probable / highly likely / certain to be a. . . certain to </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">forgone + conclusion that / in the can / done deal</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<h3> 7.4.10 Adverbial Suffixes</h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">lŧ</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>STR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Physical Strength Possible or Used</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">barely + / hardly / very weak(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">weak(ly) + / to small degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">soft(ly) + / guarded(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">measured(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + strong(ly) / somewhat powerful(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">adequately + strong; with adequate strength </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">strong(ly) + / powerful(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very strong(ly) + / very powerful(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with maximum + power</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kç</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>FRC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Physical Force Exerted</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too light(ly) + / too soft(ly) / too delicate(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">light as + a feather/ baby soft; extremely delicately or lightly or softly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">light/soft/hardly + a; softly / lightly / delicately / gingerly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + on the light or soft side; somewhat softly / lightly / delicately / gingerly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">neither + soft(ly) nor forceful(ly); with the right touch</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + violent(ly) / somewhat forceful(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">violent/forceful + / rough; violently / with force / roughly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very violent(ly) + / very forceful(ly) / very rough(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too violent(ly) + / too forceful(ly) / too rough(ly)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /> + <a name="ITYaffix" id="ITYaffix"></a> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>sk</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ITY</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Speed (i.e., Intensity of Movement or Change)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too slow(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very slow(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + slow(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at just + the right speed or intensity </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + fast / somewhat quick(ly) / somewhat rapid(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast / + quick(ly) / rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very fast + / very quick(ly) / very rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too fast + / too quick(ly) / too rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>st</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SPD</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Speed (i.e., Velocity = Distance Over Time)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too slow(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very slow(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + slow(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at just + the right speed</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + fast / somewhat quick(ly) / somewhat rapid(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fast / + quick(ly) / rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very fast + / very quick(ly) / very rapid(ly)/; at fast pace </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too fast + / too quick(ly) / too rapid(ly); at fast pace </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>lt</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CFD</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Forthrightness, Confidence or Humility</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too + meek(ly) / too submissive(ly) / too obedient(ly) / too docile(ly)</font></p></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very meek(ly) + / very submissive(ly) / very obedient(ly) / very docile(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">meek(ly) + / submissive(ly) / obedient(ly) / docile(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + meek(ly) / somewhat submissive(ly) / somewhat obedient(ly) / somewhat docile(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">properly + humble / properly forthright ; with proper degree of humility or forthrightness</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + confident(ly) / somewhat strong(ly) / somewhat definite(ly) / somewhat definitive(ly) + or authoritative(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">confident(ly) + /strong(ly) / definite(ly)/ definitive(ly) / authoritative(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very confident(ly) + / very strong(ly) / very definite(ly) / very definitive(ly) / very authoritative(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">over-confident(ly) + / too strong(ly) / too definite(ly) / too definitive(ly) / too authoritative(ly)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /> +</font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">đ</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EFI</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Efficiency or Efficacy</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">destructively + wasteful / disastrous(ly) / accomplishing the opposite of intention / making + things worse</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very wasteful + / accomplishing nothing / making a mess of it</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wasteful + / accomplishing little</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + wasteful / accomplishing somewhat less than expected</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">adequate(ly) + [in terms of efficiency]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">rather + efficient(ly) / fairly efficient(ly) / accomplishing somewhat more than + expected</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">efficient(ly) + / with little or no waste(d effort)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">extremely + efficient(ly) / with no waste(d effort) whatsoever</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a synergy + of… / sum beyond total of parts / a synergistic composite of ; to + X synergistically </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rw/gž</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ERR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Correctness versus Error</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">totally + wrong / totally mis- or mal-; totally in error / erroneous(ly) / incorrect(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wrong/incorrect(ly) + / mis- / mal- ; in error / erroneous(ly) / incorrect(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fairly + wrong / fairly incorrect(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + wrong / more wrong than right</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">so-so; + barely adequate(ly) / barely correct(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + right / more right than wrong </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fairly + right / fairly correct(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">right / + correctly </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">totally + right / totally correct(ly) / totally well-X’d </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><a name="MATaffix" id="MATaffix"></a> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ç</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MAT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Maturation</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">undeveloped + / immature(ly) / seed / embryo</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">under-developed + / newborn [stage, not age] / seedling / baby</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">growing + / budding / youthful / young</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">maturing + / developing / getting stronger or bigger or more complex or sophisticated</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fully developed + / fully mature(d) / robust / ripe</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">overly + developed / overripe / showing signs of wear and tear / stressed / under + stress / fatigued</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">declining/fading; + trail off/fade / getting softer or weaker / faded / decrepit / has-been + / past one’s prime</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">disintegrating + / utterly deteriorated / beyond repair or rehabilitation / irreparable / + dying</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">dead / + defunct / disintegrated</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ňz</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SBT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Subtlety</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too subtle(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very subtle(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">subtle(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + subtle(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + unsubtle(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unsubtle(ly) + / lumbering(ly) rather obvious/ fairly blatant / belabored ; belabor / lumber + along X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">obvious(ly) + / blatant(ly) / exaggerated(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very obvious(ly) + / very blatant(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">over-the-top + / in-your-face / to obvious(ly) / too blatant(ly)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kš</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DRC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Directness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too indirect(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very indirect(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">indirect(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + indirect(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + direct(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fairly + direct(ly) / rather direct(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">direct(ly) + / straightforward </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very direct(ly) + / very straightforward</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too direct(ly) + / painfully straightforward</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mš</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SUD</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Suddenness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too slow(ly) + in happening, too long in X-ing, overdue, delayed</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very slow(ly) + in happening or developing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slow(ly) + ; long in developing or happening</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + slow(ly) ; somewhat long in developing or happening</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">taking + just the right amount of time to develop or occur</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + immediate / somewhat sudden; somewhat imediately / somewhat suddenly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">immediate + / sudden; imediately / suddenly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very immediate + / very sudden; very imediately / very suddenly</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too immediate + / too sudden; too imediately / too suddenly</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">pç</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PCN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Care, Precision or Scrutiny</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">utterly + sloppy(ily) / totally careless(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> very sloppy(ily) + / very careless(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> sloppy(ily) + / careless(ly) / with poor attention to detail </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + sloppy(ily) / somewhat careless(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">less than + careful(ly) / with only some degree of care </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + careful(ly) / fairly precise(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">precise(ly) + / careful(ly) / detailed </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> extremely + precise(ly) / with great care or precision or scrutiny / meticulous(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">overly + precise(ly) / ‘nit-picky’ / with too much scrutiny / overly + meticulous(ly)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kš </strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CNC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Concern or Consideration </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="27"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">…the + hell…! / what the hell . . . / . . . who cares</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">self-centered(ly) + / without thought or concern for others</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at the + very least / at the least level of concern required</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> without + concern / indifferent(ly) / without consideration / unconcerned(ly) / thoughtless(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">reluctant(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at best + / with the most concern one can muster</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">concerned(ly) + / with concern / with consideration for others</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very concerned(ly) + / highly concerned(ly) / with great concern or consideration for others</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">overly + concerned(ly) / worrisome(ly) / with too much concern or consideration for + others / altruistically</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">lk</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SPH</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Sophistication</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too crude(ly) + / too primitive(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very crude(ly) + / very primitive(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">crude(ly) + / primitive(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + crude(ly) / somewhat primitive(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with expected/normal + degree or level of sophistication</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + sophisticated or refined</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> sophisticated + or refined </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very sophisticated + or refined </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too sophisticated + or refined </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>çt</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CVT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Covertness versus Overtness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too secretive(ly) + / overly covert(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very secretive(ly) + / highly covert(ly) / hidden / well behind the scenes</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">secretive(ly) + / covert(ly) / behind the scenes / between the lines / under the table / + “back-room”</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + secretive(ly) / somewhat covert(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not too + secretive(ly) / not so open(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + open(ly) / somewhat “up front”</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">open(ly) + / overt(ly) / “up front” / out in the open / honest / forthcoming(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very open(ly) + / very overt(ly) / very “up front” / flaunting(ly) / brutally + honest</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too open(ly) + / too overt(ly) / overly flaunting(ly) / vulgar(ly)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">lp</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>EFT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Effort</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too difficult + / overly difficult</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very difficult + / so difficult</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">strained + / difficult; strain to / with difficulty / struggle to / to work at X-ing + / to X hard</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + difficult / not that easy </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">neither + easy nor difficult </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + easy; not so difficult </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> easy / + certain / unhindered / with ease / without resistance / effortlessly </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very easy + / so easy</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too easy + / overly easy</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">pw/ňž</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DSG</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Design or Purposefulness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">purposeless(ly) + /random(ly) / utterly unorganized / chaotic(ally)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">haphazard(ly) + / without plan or guidance/ disorganized(ly) / poorly planned</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> fairly + haphazard(ly) / not well-planned / not well-organized</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + haphazard(ly) / somewhat disorganized</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">slightly + disorganized / less than well-planned </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + organized / somewhat well-planned </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">organized(ly) + / purposeful(ly) / well-planned </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very organized + / very structured</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too organized + / overly structured / “anal(ly)” </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>fš</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DCS</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Decisiveness, Commitment or Emphasis</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">indecisive + / meandering; indecisively / first one way then another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wishy washy + / flaky</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">some sort + of / some kind of / sort of (like) / ”kind of”; in a way / halfway + / does and doesn’t</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">apparent(ly); + seeming(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mere(ly) + / only (a); merely / only</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">deliberate + / decisive; deliberately / decisively / purposefully</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a real + / certainly a ; really / certainly [emphasis, not genuineness or veracity]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> the (one); + in the only way that counts</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">what (a) + ...!; how . . .! ; Boy! Did (does) X ever …</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>št</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CTN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Contrariness to Expectation(s) or Shift in Subject</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="24"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">but X would… + / if things were otherwise X WOULD… / on the contrary, X WOULD [affirmation + of hypothetical contrary to statement/suggestion otherwise</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">but / X + DOES/IS . . . / on the contrary … [affirmation of fact contrary to + suggestion or statement otherwise]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">like it + or not…/ well, as much as we didn’t want to think it would happen...</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">against + expectation or belief ‘… after all’ ‘well, what + do you know…X!’</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a genuine + / real / true ; really do, [contrary to expectation]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">as a matter + of fact</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">‘at + least/at any rate’</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">‘by + the way/ just to mention’</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not to + change the subject but…/ sorry to change the subject, but…/ + I don’t mean to change the subject, but…</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><span class="style19">rt</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PHY</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Physical Control</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uncontrolled/helpless(ly) + ; without control/ out of control</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">almost + completely out of control / almost totally helpless</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">losing + control / losing the ability to…</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">insufficiently + trained in...</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">amateur(ishly) + / superficially able to… </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">learn(ing) + to… / begin(ning) to be able to… </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">w/ growing + proficiency or expertise (in) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">proficient(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in full + control / expert(ly)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<h3>7.4.11 Modality Suffixes<a name="Sec7o4o11" id="Sec7o4o11"></a></h3> +<p align="justify">Many of these correspond to the modality suffixes used in valence/modality adjuncts (see <a href="Chapter_6.html">Chapter 6</a>). The nine degrees associated with each + suffix allow a speaker control over the extent to which the modality category + should apply to the utterance. These suffix forms function, then, as an alternative + to adjunct forms for greater nuance in the applicability of the modality category + and to apply them to nouns. The nine degrees of each suffix are as follows:</p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="12%"><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td width="88%" colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not at + all</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to too + little a degree; to an insufficient degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hardly + at all</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a small + degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to a fair + degree/somewhat</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fairly + much/more so than not</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very much + so / decidedly so / to a great degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too much + so / to too great a degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to the + exclusion of all else / without consideration for anything else</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>The specific modality suffixes are as follows:</p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>bb</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"></div></td> + <td width="82%">resigned to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>dd</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>devoted; committed to / devoted to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><span class="style19"><strong>čč</strong></span></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>desired / sought-after; want to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><span class="style19">ŧŧ</span></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>attempted, attempt at a …; try to, attempt to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>çç </strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>capable, able; can / able to / capable of</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>cc</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>knowledgeable; can = know how to / familiar with</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ff</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>mandatory; must / have to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>xx</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>required; should / be to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><strong class="style19">by</strong></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>expected; be supposed to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>hh</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>intended; mean to / intend to / shall</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>gg</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>chosen, selected; choose to / elect to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>hš</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>…on impulse; feel like X-ing</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="27">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>dy</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td> promised; promise to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>dw</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>well-liked; like (to)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>bw</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>feared; fear (to)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>hs</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>willing; willing to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>vw</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>prepared / ready; prepared to/ready to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mf</font></strong></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>necessary / needed; need to </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ňx</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>Daring; dare to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>fy</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>decided-upon; decide to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>pf</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>offered/offer of; offer to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mb</font></strong></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>aided / assisted; help to / aid in X-ing</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>hk</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>not unexpected; be prone to / be apt to / tend to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rm</strong> </font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>agreed-upon; agree to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><span class="style19">rŧ<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></span></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>responsible for/in charge of</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><span class="style19">r<strong>p</strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></span></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>remember to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><span class="style19">ŧy</span></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>feel a need to / feel one should / feel one must / feel driven to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><span class="style19">ŧw</span></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>to guess or think [that]…</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>lš</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>available; available to/for</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>kk</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>potential; can = have potential to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>tt </strong> </font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>permitted; can = permitted to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><span class="style19">fw</span> </td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>hoped-for; hope/wish to</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>pp</strong></font></td> + <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> + <td>X by inclination; be inclined to</td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font> </p> +<h3>7.4.12 Agential/Participant Suffixes<a name="Sec7o4o12" id="Sec7o4o12"></a></h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>n</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>AGC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Agency</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[AGENT] + = one who forces/causes</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[ENABLER] + = one who enables to happen</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[INFLUENCE] + = one who persuades/influences</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ENABLER + BY PERMISSION] = one who permits/allows/lets happen</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[PATIENT] + = one who does/is made to do</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[EXPERIENCER] + = one who undergoes/experiences</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[INSTRUMENT] + = instrument which causes</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[STIMULUS] + = one whose status is as stimulus of affective experience</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[SOURCE] + = that which gives rise to, provides underlying reason for, source of</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p align="justify">This suffix and the following identify a formative as filling a specific semantic + role corresponding in many cases to the semantic roles discussed in <a href="Chapter_4.html#Sec4o1o1">Sections + 4.1.1</a> and <a href="Chapter_4.html#Sec4o1o2">4.1.2</a>. In + several instances, these suffixes would translate the English “agentive” + suffixes -<em>er</em>, or -<em>or</em>.</p> +<p align="justify"> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>m</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ROL</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Role</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">that which + contains or functions as the enclosure / container / house / shelter of + or for</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">that which + results from</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> [RECIPIENT] + = one who receives / has / "-ee"</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who + is / acts as / functions as</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who + is characterized by / described by...</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who + is similar to/functions or acts similarly to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one whose + responsibility is / who is responsible for / runs the business of (operationally + speaking)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who + constructs / makes / creates</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one who + manages / oversees / supervises / coordinates / runs the business of (managerially + speaking)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>pš</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>UTE</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Utilitative or Enabling Means</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tool/device/apparatus + specifically designed for X-ing</font></p></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">medium + by/through which one X’s</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">conduit-like + tool/apparatus for X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural/standard + body part for X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">object + employed circumstantially as implement for X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">covering/protective + element employed to allow/permit X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">enabling + element/device/apparatus to allow/foster X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">environment/situaton/circumstances/setting + which allows/fosters X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">FORCE which + causes/permits X-ing</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ž</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CNS</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Consent</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">deliberately + without consent of knowledge</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">without + consent or knowledge as a precaution or “for their own good”</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">without + consent or knowledge due to circumstances</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with their + knowledge but w/o consent; against their will</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">consent + obtained under pressure, threat, coercion</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">w/ reluctant + consent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">willingly; + with full consent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with enthusiastic + approval and support</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">at their + request</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>t</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MEC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Type of Mechanical Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">the body’s + natural method of doing so (e.g., on foot, by hand, etc.)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a manually + manipulated generic tool or implement </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a specialized + tool for that specific purpose or activity</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a machine + or via mechanical means or process</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> a virtual, + electronic means or via engineering</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">mental + power, force of will, concentration </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a redirection + or collation of energy specially applied</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a collective + pooling of manual labor resources</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a collective + pooling of electronic/mechanical/engineering resources</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rx</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>BOD</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Bodily Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a hand</font></p></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">an arm</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a foot</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a leg</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s + eyes</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">both legs</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">both feet</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">both arms</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">both hands</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mp</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DBI</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Additional Bodily Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a finger</font></p></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a thumb</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">a knee</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s + head</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s + teeth</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s + lips</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s + tongue</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s + elbow</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one’s + fingers</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>çw/bž</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SOC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Type of Social Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">via lackeys, + grunt labor, go-fors or henchmen</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by coercion, + threat, blackmail</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> “fronts”, + or disguised go-betweens </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">indirectly + through actions of others (unbeknownst to them)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">indirectly + through actions of others (with their knowledge) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by leveraging + existing resources / personnel (deploying existing methods in a new application)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">via a proxy + or proxies</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">hired help + or staff</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by delegation + of task to experts</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>šš</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>RSN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Reason for an Emotional State or Motivation for an Action </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for evil + or perverse reasons</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for foolish + or naïve reason </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">due to + deception by another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">due to + faulty information provided by another [no deception intended]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">due to + or based on faulty perception or misinterpretation of information or evidence</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">despite + negative circumstances or reasons not to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for no + reason</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for appropriate + reasons / for good reason</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">for virtuous, + healthy reasons</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%" height="29">-V<font size="1">0</font><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ps</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MTA</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Additional Motivation for an Action or State </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in anger</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in repugnance/revulsion</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in irritation</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in defense/for protection </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in fear</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">out of curiosity/to see what happens </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to provoke/illicit reaction </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to entice</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">to show appreciation</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ňt</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>XPT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Expectation of Outcome </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">shockingly + unexpected; without precedent or rumour</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">surprise + X / unexpected X; completely by surprise/ completely unexpected(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">manage + to X despite inadequacy of preparation or effort</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">manage + to X despite misguided or misdirected preparation or effort</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">managed + to X despite hindrance(s) or obstacles; hard-won</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">manage + to X due to hindrances or obstacles being overestimated; easier than thought + to be</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">manage + to X due to excellent preparation / planning / execution</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">completely + as expected / totally as anticipated / as predicted</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pat; outcome + pre-ordained or predetermined</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">3</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rn</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DLB</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Deliberateness/Agency</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">accidental(ly) + / inadvertent(ly) and unaware of consequences</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unintended + / unintentional(ly) / without meaning to and unaware of consequences</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">accidental(ly) + / inadvertent(ly) but now aware of consequences</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unintended + / unintentional(ly) / without meaning to but now aware of consequences</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">unforseeable + / unpredictable; unforeseeably / unpredictably</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">without + realizing or considering potential consequences</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">thinking + one can get away without reaping consequences / furtive(ly)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">realizing + potential risks or consequences / cognizant of potential risks or consequences</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">intentional(ly) + / deliberate(ly) / on purpose / by choice; choose to</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mz</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MOT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Self-Conscious Deliberation or Motivation</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">affected, + ostentatious; affectedly/ostentatiously</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">self-conscious(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">guilty + / guiltily </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">half-hearted(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">against + better judgement / can’t help but / can’t help it </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ingrained, + by upbringing </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">learned + / habitual; by habit / trained to </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural(ly) + / un-self-conscious(ly) </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">autonomic + / unaware, automatic </font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><a name="ENBaffix" id="ENBaffix"></a></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1<font color="#FFFFFF">1</font></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ls</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ENB</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Enablement</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by inadvertent + gesture/word/sign taken as order or permission </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by granting + of permission </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by cajoling + or persuasion </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by direct + request or imploring </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by direct + order based on one’s real or perceived authority</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by inadvertent + removal of hindrance </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by inadvertent + action that initiates a chain of events</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by deliberate + removal of hindrance</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">by deliberate + action that initiates a chain of events</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ms</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>AGN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Agency, Intent or Effectiveness</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the + anticipated max. resulting effect possible</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the + anticipated resulting effect to a high degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the + anticipated resulting effect to a moderate degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the + anticipated resulting effect but only to a marginal, superficial or baredly + noticable degree</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with no + noticeable effect or resulting change</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with only + marginal, superficial, or barely noticeable effect or resulting change unanticipated</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with moderate + effect or resulting change — unanticipated</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> with the + resulting effect to a high degree — unanticipated</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">with the + max. resulting effect possible — unanticipated</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2<font color="#FFFFFF">1</font></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rz</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>IMP</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Impact on Patient/Target or Enablement of Outcome</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target + can do nothing - utterly inevitable</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target + chooses to do nothing - resigned to fate</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target + tries to prevent/avoid but fails</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target + tries to prevent/avoid and does so partially or mitigates impact somewhat</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target + tries to prevent/avoid and succeeds</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target + helps/enables outcome inadvertently</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target + helps/enables outcome against own interest (i.e., without thinking)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target + helps/enables outcome intentionally despite negative consequences</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">target + helps/enables outcome intentionally for own benefit</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<h3>7.4.13 Miscellaneous Suffixes<a name="Sec7o4o13" id="Sec7o4o13"></a></h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1<font color="#FFFFFF">_</font></font><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>’/kw</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TPF</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Topic, Frame and Focus</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence + topic]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[end of + frame]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[head of + relative clause]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence + topic + head of relative clause]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[end of + frame + head of relative clause]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence + topic + end of frame]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence + focus + end of frame + head of rel. clause]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence + focus]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">[sentence + focus + end of frame]</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>The various functions of the above suffix are explained in <a href="Chapter_5.html#Sec5o2">Sec. 5.2</a> on + Frames, and <a href="Chapter_9.html#Sec9o1">Sec. 9.1</a> on Topic and Focus.</p> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2<font color="#FFFFFF">_</font></font><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>’/kw</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SWR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Switch Reference & Obviative Specification (For an explanation + and illustration of this suffix, see <a href="Chapter_8.html#Sec8o1o1o7">Sec. + 8.1.1.7</a> and <a href="Chapter_8.html#Sec8o1o4">Sec. + 8.1.4</a>)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">nearest + preceding referent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2nd to + nearest preceding referent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3rd party + not previously mentioned</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">referring + to sentence focus</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">first referent + mentioned</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">referring + to sentence topic</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3rd party + non-transrelative referent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2nd order + transrelative referent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">higher + order transrelative referent</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>s</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PLA</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Place, State, Setting Where… </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where + one learns to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where + one does, performs, carries out X</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where + one obtains</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where + one stores or inventories</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where + one keeps or shelters</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where + one sees or views</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural + habitat or environment of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where + one deals with/ treats/ confronts</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place where + one feels affected by</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mm</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>APT</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Aspects</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">yet, still</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">‘even’ + as in “I don’t even like them” = in the least bit, to + the slightest extent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Contemplative: + upon reflection/ in hindsight</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">upon deep + introspection / following careful consideration or meditation on the matter</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">on first + blush / at first / upon initial impression / [my] first thought is/was…</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural(ly) + / obvious(ly) / clear(ly) [in terms of naturalness, not blatancy]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Experiential: + ever</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Regressive: + return to previous state</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Protractive: + over a long period of time / long-delayed</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>mm</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>TEM</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Alternative Temporal Aspects </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Inceptive: + begin to / start to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Resumptive: + begin again / start again / resume</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Continuative: + keep on / still / continue / stay / yet</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Incessative: + to X away / not stop</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">tire of + X-ing / get tired of X-ing / become weary of X-ing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Cessative: + stop / discontinue / cease</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Pausal: + take a break from [stop with intention to re-sume]</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Recessative: + stop again</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Terminative: + finish / complete</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><strong class="style19">rs</strong></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTF</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Part/Whole Functional Metaphors<a name="PTFaffix" id="PTFaffix"></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">engine + / motor / heart / pump / core / driver mechanism</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">brain / + computer / chip / instruction set</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">input / + feeder / access point</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">exit point + / anus / exhaust / tailpipe / smokestack / vent</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wing/ arm + / branch / extensor / manipulator</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">support + / leg / stand / base</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">skeleton + / frame</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">wiring + / conduits / plumbing</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">sensor + / eye / ear / antennae</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>š</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PTG</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Part/Whole Gestalt Componential Metaphors </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“base”portion + (e.g., upper arm)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“extension” + portion (e.g., forearm) or “flange”</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“trunk” + or central bulk portion</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">middle + or divisional segment or joint</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">top/upper + component relative to gravity or natural vector of movement</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">bottom/lower + component relative to gravity or natural vector of movement </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">side/flank/ + lateral component</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“head” + extension or main interface area</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">extension/”arm”</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>py/rž</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>MET</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Metonymic Categories <a name="METaffix" id="METaffix"></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">part for + whole</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">producer + for product</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">object + used or owned for user/owner</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">controller + for controlled</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">institution + for people responsible</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place for + inhabitants/occupants</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place for + event </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">place for + institution</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">attribute + or characteristic for owner</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p align="justify">Metonymy is the reference to an entity via one of its attributes, associations + or activities, as in <em><strong>The ham-and-cheese</strong> wants fries with + his order</em> or <em><strong>The White House</strong> has its nose in our business.</em><br /> + <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><br /> +</p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>k</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SSD</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Stem-Specific Derivatives<a name="SSDaffix" id="SSDaffix"></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative + 1</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative + 2</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative + 3</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative + 4</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative + 5</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative + 6</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative + 7</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative + 8</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">derivative + 9</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> This suffix is used to distinguish particular instantiations of a more generic + entity; their meaning is semantically specific to the particular stem. <br /> + <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">2</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>k</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SBS</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%"> Subset of Configurative Set </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">single + specific member (random, i.e., any given member)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural + first level subset, e.g., <em>a cell among a network, a clique within a + club, a row of an orchard</em></font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">natural + 2nd level subset, e.g., <em>a section of a network, a subcommittee within + a club, a section of an orchard</em></font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">complex + natural system or pattern within a set (e.g., <em>the circulatory system, + the heating system</em>)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">subset + of set (unknown if natural or select subconfiguration)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">complex/circumstantial + select pattern/arrangement within a set (e.g., <em>the parts/things of a + house damaged by fire</em>)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2nd level + subset (externally determined), e.g., <em>select section of trees of an + orchard</em></font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">first level + subset (externally determined), e.g., <em>select rocks from a pile, select + trees of an orchard</em></font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">single + select member (externally determined)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rd</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>ATN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Attention or Determination</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">concentrate + fully upon; pay utmost attention to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">concentrate + to point of distraction, to be ‘lost’ in X-ing </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pay strict + attention to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">determined + to</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">pay attention + to; attend to; be careful that you…; heed</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">keep an + eye on </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">take some + notice of</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">barely + notice; take little notice of </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ignore + completely</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<br /> +<p></p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>šk</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>DPR</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Dispersion or Separability of a Configurative Set</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">in total + contact / contiguous mass of; pile, “ball of…”</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">non-contiguous + but closely connected, interlinked, each linked to adjacent via connecting + medium (like web); cluster</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">connected + via intervening central medium (like a vine or branches); bunch</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not physically + connected but with immediate accessibility and knowledge of other member + actions</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">scattered + - contact with nearest member possible but less possible with others</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">“virtual” + association only</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">temporal + (iterative) set – iteration at long intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">temporal + (iterative) set – iteration at frequent intervals</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">temporal + (iterative) set – iteration at very short, immediate intervals / one + after another</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">1</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>nd</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SEP</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Spatio-Temporal Separability of a Configurative Set</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Logical + connectedness only (spatial)</font></p></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Loosely + integrated spatially – one positioned far away from another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Loosely + integrated spatially – one positioned a little ways away from another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Well-integrated + spatially – one positioned right next to or behind another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Both spatially + and temporally well-integrated (one right after another)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Well-integrated + temporally – one right after the other</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Loosely + integrated temporally – one a little while after the other</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Loosely + integrated temporally – one a long while after the other</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Logical + connectedness only (temporal)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ň</strong></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>k</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>SDP</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Subset of Duplex Set</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">first, + top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of duplex set or pair (e.g., + upper lip, inhale/inhalation, left hand)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">beginning + or leading “edge” of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead + “half” of a duplex event or object</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">middle + section of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of + a duplex event or object</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ending + or trailing “edge” of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead + “half” of a duplex event or object</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">midpoint, + peak, or lull between the 2 halves of a duplex set or pair</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">beginning + or leading “edge” of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing + “half” of a duplex event or object</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">middle + section of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing “half” of + a duplex event or object</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ending + or trailing “edge” of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing + “half” of a duplex event or object</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2nd, bottom, + back, righthand or trailing “half” of duplex set or pair (e.g., + lower lip, exhale/exhalation, right hand)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>xt</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NEW</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Newness/Revision </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2">new = original + new, i.e., never before seen </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2">new = never before seen within current context, e.g., a new student </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2">new = role, i.e., never functioning/existing in this capacity/manner before </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2">new/other = replacement + new </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2">new/other = additional instance + new </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2">new/other = revision + additional </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2">new/other = revision + replacement </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2">new/other/different = different, not seen/used before within current context; status as addition/replacement unknown </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2">new/other/different = different + new; status as addition/replacement unknown </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">ks</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>COS</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Comparison Specifications (Used with Levels ) - see <a href="Chapter_5.html#5o8">Sections 5.8</a> and <a href="Chapter_5.html#5o8o5">5.8.5 </a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2">“more”/“less” = extent/amount/volume</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2">“harder”/“weaker” = degree of intensity or effort</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2">“longer”/“shorter” = duration; time spent being/doing</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2">“better”/“worse” = quality / style</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2">“more efficiently”/“less efficiently” = efficiency / effort relative to outcome</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2">“greater”/“poorer” = relevant outcome / bottom-line result</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2">combo of 4, 5, and 6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2">combo of 1, 2, and 3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2">combo of 1 through 6</td> + </tr> +</table> +<br /> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0 </font><span class="style19">tw/tç</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center" class="style26">XXX</div></td> + <td width="82%">Spread/wake/trail/area/expanse created by passage of entity </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">quasi-linear “trail” or wake left behind on path of linear movement; trail or wake is not composed of the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., slime trail left by snail, footprints left on snow, mowed down foliage left by moving convoy, etc.)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">quasi-linear spread of entity stretching behind linearly moving “head” (e.g., a line of soldiers put in place to create a front, a line left on a piece of paper as written by an ink pen, path of a ball of string or skein of yarn as it unravels while rolling down an incline)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">quasi-linear trail/wake/spread left behind passage as line of demarcation/boundary/barrier</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2-d quasi-planar wake left behind on path of movement; wake is not composed of the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., aftermath of a forest fire, cleaned area of dirty floor or wall after it has been wiped by a mop or dustcloth)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2-d quasi-planar spread stretching behind moving front (e.g., area of spreading flames in a forest fire, area being inundated by a flood, area of a wall being covered up by plaster by workmen, coating of an apple dipped in chocolate, area of floor covered up by a rug)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2-d quasi-planar wake/spread left behind passage as area of demarcation/zone/restricted area</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3-d volume left behind a moving front; volume is not composed of or inundated with the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., area left behind the passage of a tidal wave, column of superheated air left behind the passage of a rocket</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3-d volume inundated by spread of moving front (e.g., spread of a gas within a room, area inundated by fog, volume of a container taken up by substance placed/poured/stuffed into it)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3-d volume left behind passage of moving front as volume/spatial area of demarcation/zone/restricted space</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>The above affix distinguishes movement of an entity from the “trail” or spread left behind, e.g., movement which leaves behind a wake or affected area; used with motion roots as well as roots designating shapes/forms. Use of the above suffixes in conjunction with the various roots pertaining to paths of translative movement allows for very nuanced translations of English words such as <em>surround, cover, inundate, enclose, expand, spread out, encompass</em>, etc.</p> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="12%">-V<font size="1">0 </font><span class="style19">gw/vž</span></td> + <td width="6%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center" class="style26">XXX</div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Shift/Change/Transition (used for both spatial and temporal contexts)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">sharp break, sudden shift from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another with no discernible transition period/zone (i.e., point-like/instantaneous transition)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">disjointed/non-contiguous/non-continuous break/shift from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">extremely brief/small/barely discernible transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat brief/small/discernible transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">normal/standard/expected transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat variable/changing/fluctuating transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">highly variable/chaotic transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">smooth, gradual transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">very gradual/almost imperceptible rate/degree of change/transition from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0 </font><strong><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">rj</font></strong></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>NNN</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">n-numbered angles/facets/faces/sides/points/forms </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uneven /assymmetrical n–sided 2-D obtusely angled form (e.g., quadrilateral, pentagonoid, hexagonoid</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uneven/assymetrical n-pointed 2-D acutely angled “star” formation</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uneven/assymetrical n-faceted 3-D solid</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">uneven/assymmetrical n-faced 3-D solid (e.g., n-hedron-like solid)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">having n number of 3-D projections/spikes/pointed surfaces</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">symmetrical n-faced 3-D solid (e.g., tetrahedron, dodecahedron)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">symetrical n-faceted 3-D solid</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">symetrical n-pointed 2-D acutely angled “star” formation (can be used with numbers as low as 2, which would refer to an elongated diamond shape)</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">symmetrical n–sided 2-D form (e.g., square, pentagon, hexagon)</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p>The above affix is used with the number stems (<a href="Ch-12 The Enumerative System.htm">see Chapter 12</a>) to provide words for forms, shapes, and solids bearing a distinct number of angles, points, sides, facets, etc. </p> +<br /> +<h3><br /> + 7.4.14 Locational Suffixes</h3> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="12%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>rš</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>LCT</strong></div></td> + <td width="81%">Locational Quadrant Markers for Object Being Located (These + suffixes will be explained and illustrated in <a href="Ch-10%20Lexico-Semantics.htm">Chapter + 10</a>.)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">+X / +Y + / +Z = “right / ahead / above” = Quadrant 1</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">+X / +Y + / -Z = “right / ahead / below” = Quadrant 2 </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">+X / -Y + / +Z = “right / behind / above” = Quadrant 3</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">+X / -Y + / -Z = “right / behind / below” = Quadrant 4</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">object + at rest relative to other object</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">-X / +Y + / +Z = “left / ahead / above” = Quadrant 5</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">-X / +Y + / -Z = “left / ahead / below” = Quadrant 6</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">-X / -Y + / +Z = “left / behind / above” = Quadrant 7</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">-X / -Y + / -Z = “left / behind / below” = Quadrant 8</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>bz</strong></font></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>PRX</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Proximity</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too close </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> as close + as possible without contact </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> very close + to </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">close to </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">somewhat + close to </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">not very + close to / somewhat far from </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">far from + / distant from </font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">far away + / very far from</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">too far + away</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table width="75%" border="1" cellpadding="3"> + <tr> + <td width="11%">-V<font size="1">0</font><span class="style19">ry/rv</span></td> + <td width="7%" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><div align="center"><strong>CTC</strong></div></td> + <td width="82%">Degree of Contact</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 1</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">melded + with / blended with / fused</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 2</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">inseparable(ly) + / locked together / bonded</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 3</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">linked + / attached / connected / joined</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 4</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">touching + intimately / touching all over / in close contact with</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 5</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">deliberately + touching at several spots or places or over a fair area</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 6</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">deliberately + touching at one spot or place</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 7</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">casually + or incidentally touching at several spots or places or over a fair area</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 8 </font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">casually + or incidentally touching at one spot or place</font></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><font size="2">Degree 9</font></td> + <td colspan="2"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">barely + touching / hardly touching at all / touching at one small spot</font></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p align="right"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font><strong><a onclick="javascript:changenav2();" href="Chapter_8.html">Proceed to Chapter 8: Adjuncts >></a></strong></p> +<blockquote> + <table width="100%" border="0"> + <tr> + <td width="24%" rowspan="7"><div align="left"><span class="style2"><img src="images/ilaksh-logo.gif" alt="Ilaksh Logo" width="140" height="159" align="top" /></span></div></td> + <td 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href="Chapter_2.html"><span class="style25">2 Morpho-Phonology</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_7.html"><span class="style25">7 Suffixes</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_12.htm"><span class="style25">12 The Number System</span></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><a href="Chapter_3.html"><span class="style25">3 Basic Morphology</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Chapter_8.html"><span class="style25">8 Adjuncts</span></a></td> + <td><a href="Lexicon.htm"><span class="style25">The Lexicon</span></a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td height="21"> </td> + <td> </td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + </table> + <p align="justify">©2007-2009 by John Quijada. 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