A Philosophical Grammar of Ithkuil, a Constructed Language - Chapter 7 (Continued): Using Affixes

From 7334b17885e12dcbf2cf425e8a5db21d780fb004 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: uakci Date: Fri, 18 Dec 2020 20:53:54 +0100 Subject: new mirror data thanks to kiepier --- 2004-en-alt/ithkuil-ch7b-affixes2.html | 5667 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 5667 insertions(+) create mode 100755 2004-en-alt/ithkuil-ch7b-affixes2.html (limited to '2004-en-alt/ithkuil-ch7b-affixes2.html') diff --git a/2004-en-alt/ithkuil-ch7b-affixes2.html b/2004-en-alt/ithkuil-ch7b-affixes2.html new file mode 100755 index 0000000..0ac88a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2004-en-alt/ithkuil-ch7b-affixes2.html @@ -0,0 +1,5667 @@ + + + +A Philosophical Grammar of Ithkuil, a Constructed Language - Chapter 7 (Continued): Using Affixes + + + + + + + +

Ithkuil: + A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language
+

+
+

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Home	5a + Verb Morphology	9 + Syntax
Introduction	5b + Verb Morphology (continued)	10 + Lexico-Semantics
1 + Phonology	6 + More Verb Morphology	11 + The Script
2 + Morpho-Phonology	7a + Using Affixes	12 + The Number System
3 + Basic Morphology	7b + Using Affixes (continued)	The + Lexicon
4 + Case Morphology	8 + Adjuncts	Revised Ithkuil: Ilaksh

Chapter 7 (continued): Using Affixes

+ 7.7.5 Temporal Affixes

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	TPI	Impact or Duration Over Time
Degree 1	immediate + / at this instant / for this moment; momentary
Degree 2	temporary + / for right now / for the moment; temporarily / in the meantime [duration + of context. recent]
Degree 3	short term/for + now; in the short term/for now/ / for the immediate future [hours to days]
Degree 4	for the + meantime / for the meanwhile [days to weeks to months]
Degree 5	for a while + / for some time to come [months to several years]
Degree 6	for the + foreseeable future [years to decades]
Degree 7	long term/in + the long run; over the course of time [over the course of a lifetime, decades + to centuries]
Degree 8	through + the ages / over the course of the ages [centuries to millenia]; permanent
Degree 9	ever-present + / eternal / constant / incessant / neverending; from now on / eternally + / all the time / for all time

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0ll	FRQ	Degree Of Frequency
Degree 1	never
Degree 2	rare / + hardly ever / once in a great while; rarely / almost unheard of
Degree 3	infrequent; + seldom / infrequently
Degree 4	now and + then / from time to time / off and on / every so often / now and again occasionally + / sometimes
Degree 5	frequent; + frequently / often
Degree 6	usual; + usually / customarily / generally
Degree 7	almost + always / rarely fail to / routinely
Degree 8	ever-faithful + / unwavering; always / every time / without fail / like clockwork / never + fail to
Degree 9	constant + / continuous; constantly / continuously / all the time

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1z	TPR	Temporal Placement/Reaction/Viewpoint
Degree 1	wistfully + looking back / in the (good) old days [with longing]
Degree 2	in hindsight + / looking back
Degree 3	upon further + consideration/upon reflection
Degree 4	initial; + at first/initially / at first blush / at first glance
Degree 5	now that + the moment has come / now that the time is here / now that the deed or event + is at hand
Degree 6	any moment + now; on the verge of; just about to
Degree 7	imminent(ly) + ; very soon
Degree 8	soon [w/ + anticipation]
Degree 9	someday. + . . / one day [with longing]

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0q’	TPP	Temporal Position Relative to Present
Degree 1	in the + remote past, once upon a time
Degree 2	past/former/previous; + once [e.g., I was young once], a long time ago
Degree 3	recent; + recently
Degree 4	. . . just + past / just (happened)
Degree 5	present/current/present + day; now / at present / presently / currently
Degree 6	imminent; + just about to / about to / on the verge of
Degree 7	forthcoming + / soon to arrive; soon
Degree 8	future + / -- to be / --to come / eventual(ly); someday...
Degree 9	in the + remote future / far in the future / long after we’re gone

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	ATC	Degree Of Anticipation
Degree 1	long-awaited + / long looked for
Degree 2	eagerly + awaited; can’t wait for / dying to
Degree 3	anticipated + / awaited; in anticipation of / look forward to
Degree 4	up for + / up to
Degree 5	await / + wait to / wait for / waiting to
Degree 6	ambivalent + about ; could take or leave it
Degree 7	not looking + forward to
Degree 8	dreaded; + dread X-ing
Degree 9	long-dreaded; + dread the day when

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V2z	LAT	Degree Of Lateness/Earliness
Degree 1	way too + early / way too soon
Degree 2	too early + / too soon
Degree 3	a little + early / a bit soon
Degree 4	almost + late / not a moment too soon
Degree 5	just in + time / sharp / on the dot
Degree 6	a little + late
Degree 7	late
Degree 8	too late
Degree 9	way too + late

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3nt	ITN	Degree Of Iteration
Degree 1	just once + / once only
Degree 2	again / + once more / one more time / re-
Degree 3	again and + again / keep X-ing over and over [focus on habit, not periodicity]
Degree 4	again and + again / keep X-ing over and over [focus on periodicity, not habit]
Degree 5	irregular, + unpredictable ; at irregular or unpredictable intervals
Degree 6	[cyclic] + return of... / ...once again; return to / …back again [e.g., summer’s + back]
Degree 7	intermittent; + intermittently / at regular intervals
Degree 8	repetitive + / repeating; repeatedly
Degree 9	constantly + cycling or repeating / continuously or perpetually repeating / constant, + eternal, perpetual repetition of

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	RPN	Pattern of Spatio-Temporal Repetition or Distribution of Set + Members
Degree 1	slow-paced + repetition at regular intervals
Degree 2	slow-paced + repetition at irregular intervals
Degree 3	slow-paced + repetition at mixed intervals
Degree 4	mid-paced + repetition at irregular intervals
Degree 5	mid-paced + repetition at regular intervals
Degree 6	mid-paced + repetition at mixed intervals
Degree 7	fast-paced + repetition at mixed intervals
Degree 8	fast-paced + repetition at irregular intervals
Degree 9	fast-paced + repetition at regular intervals

7.7.6 Quantifying Affixes

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-VS	DGR	Exactness of Degree
Degree 1	unknowable + degree or amount of
Degree 2	unknown + degree or amount of
Degree 3	almost + impossible to determine degree of
Degree 4	nowhere + near the desired degree of
Degree 5	hard to + pinpoint / hard to determine / difficult to determine
Degree 6	fluctuating, + ever-changing (amount of); to changing/fluctuating degree or extent of
Degree 7	vaguely + around / vaguely in the range of / somewhere around / loosely in the vicinity + of
Degree 8	approximate(ly) + / somewhere around / just about; or something like that / …or so
Degree 9	exact/specific; + exactly / specifically / on the dot / sharp / to the letter

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1ss	PTW	Contiguous Portion of the Whole
Degree 1	no amount + of / none (of)
Degree 2	a very + few / a tiny amount of / a tiny number of; only a tiny bit / a tiny bit
Degree 3	few / a + little / a bit; a little / a bit
Degree 4	some, any + [= some of] / some of or any of the / a portion; partially / to some extent
Degree 5	a fair + number of / a fair amount of / pretty (+adj.) / fairly (+adj.) / rather + / somewhat; more or less / to a fair extent
Degree 6	much / + many / (such) a lot of / very / quite (a); quite; a lot / very much / to + a large extent
Degree 7	a whole + lot of / a verly large amount or number of / immensely, in an incredible + amount / so much…; so
Degree 8	most of + / mostly
Degree 9	every + / all (of)/whole; entirely/in its entirety

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V2ss	PTT	Non-Contiguous (i.e., Intermixed) Portion of the Whole
Degree 1	no amount + of / none (of)
Degree 2	a very + few / a tiny amount of / a tiny number of; only a tiny bit / a tiny bit
Degree 3	few/a + little / a bit; a little / a bit
Degree 4	some, any + [= some of] / some of or any of the / a portion; partially / to some extent
Degree 5	a fair + number of / a fair amount of / pretty (+adj.) / fairly (+adj.) / rather + / somewhat; more or less / to a fair extent
Degree 6	much / + many / (such) a lot of / very / quite (a); quite /; a lot / very much / + to a large extent
Degree 7	a whole + lot of / a very large amount or number of / immensely, in an incredible + amount / so much…; so
Degree 8	most of + / mostly
Degree 9	every / + all (of) / whole; entirely / in its entirety

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-Vomt	CNM	Type of Container/Packaging/Conveyance/Holder
Degree 1	jar/pot + of X [storage + containment]
Degree 2	dispensor-type + container/package, e.g., tube, barrel, bottle for multiple use
Degree 3	can/tin/bottle/sealed + pouch [= storage + packaging + protection/preservation]
Degree 4	carton/box/basket + [= temporary containment]
Degree 5	natural + or generic mass containment/packaging/holder (e.g., a loaf of bread, a lump + of clay)
Degree 6	satchel, + pack of [= for personal conveyance/moving]
Degree 7	pile of, + load of [= in context of conveyance/moving or bulk storage]
Degree 8	X-ful of + [+ Partitive], e.g., a roomful of clowns, a skyful of clouds, a treeful + of leaves, a spoonful
Degree 9	embodiment/manifestation + of abstract essence, e.g., a life form [= an embodiment of life]

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3d	SUF	Degree Of Sufficiency
Degree 1	none at + all; not…at all
Degree 2	way too + little / woefully insufficient / way too few; not...anywhere enough / totally + under-[+verb]
Degree 3	not enough + / insufficient / too few; not...enough / insufficiently / under-[+verb]
Degree 4	not quite + enough / slightly insufficient; not...quite enough / a bit insufficiently + / slightly under-[+verb]
Degree 5	enough + (of) / sufficient; enough / sufficiently
Degree 6	a little + too / a little too much; a little too much / slightly over- [+verb]
Degree 7	too / toomuch; + too much / too many / over- [+verb]
Degree 8	way too + / way too much; way too much / totally over- [+verb]
Degree 9	inundated + with; to the exclusion of all else / to the point that X overwhelms or takes + over

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3b	EXN	Degree or Extent
Degree 1	none (at + all); to no extent at all
Degree 2	tiniest + part of / a bit of; to smallest extent / hardly / barely
Degree 3	only a + part of / only some of; to some extent / partially / partly / somewhat
Degree 4	less than + usual / below normal; less so than usual/ to a lesser degree or extent than + usual
Degree 5	the normal, + expected or usual amount (of)
Degree 6	more than + usual / above normal; more so than usual; to a greater degree or extent + than normal
Degree 7	way more + than usual / way above normal or expected; to a much greater degree or extent + than normal
Degree 8	almost + as much as possible / near(ly) maximum
Degree 9	total, + -ful; to greatest extent / maximum / maximal; maximally / at full capacity, + e.g., She bought out the store.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-VSšq	EXD	Dynamically Changing Degree or Extent
Degree 1	less and + less / fewer and fewer / ongoing decrease in; decreasingly
Degree 2	a lot fewer + / a lot less (of); a lot less
Degree 3	fewer / + less (of); less
Degree 4	a little + less (of) / a bit less (of); a little less / a bit less
Degree 5	a fluctuating + amount or degree of; to a fluctuating degree or extent
Degree 6	a little + more (of) / a bit more (of); a little more / a bit more
Degree 7	more (of); + more
Degree 8	a lot more + (of); a lot more
Degree 9	more and + more / continuing increase in / increasingly more / ever-increasing

This affix is used with all vector-like or gradient concepts. When used with + the COMPLETIVE version, degrees 1 and 9 imply attainment + of a change in state, e.g., sleepiness + sleep.

+ 7.7.7 Modulative Affixes

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-Vons	RCO	Recoil in place (spring back; snap back; fall back into place)
-Von	TFI	Back & forth; to & fro in place (e.g., pendulum, wagging tail)
-Vonš	TFV	Back & forth over linear vector (e.g., snake-like; zig-zag)
-Vonz	CRI	Cycle or circular motion in place (spin, revolve)
-Von	CRV	Cycle or circular motion over linear vector (e.g., train wheels, bike + wheels)
-Vo	MDL	Random pattern of modulation (unpredictable/irregular movement pattern)

These affixes operate in conjunction with Phase (see + Sec. 6.2) to describe contexts involving recoil, spring motion, oscillative, + cyclic, reflective or vibrative motion, using the following degrees:

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Degree 1	not enough
Degree 2	hardly + at all
Degree 3	to a small + degree
Degree 4	to a less + than normal degree
Degree 5	to the + normal / standard / usual degree
Degree 6	to a greater + than normal degree
Degree 7	to a large + degree
Degree 8	to a very + large degree
Degree 9	too much + / overly

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3g	FLC	Degree of Fluctuation/Stability
Degree 1	inherently + and consistently unstable and random to a high degree
Degree 2	highly + variable/random fluctuation or instability
Degree 3	moderately + variable/random fluctuation or instability
Degree 4	increasing + fluctuation or destabilization in pattern
Degree 5	tending + toward fluctuations and periods of instability
Degree 6	decreasing + fluctuation or instability in pattern = increasing stability
Degree 7	moderately + stable and lacking in fluctuations
Degree 8	complete + lack of fluctuation or instability; highly stable
Degree 9	inherently + and consistently stable

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-VSf	ICR	Increase
-VSft	DCR	Decrease
-VSht	ICD	Increase then Decrease
-VSkf	DCI	Decrease then Increase
-VSq	IDR	Random/Varying Increases and Decreases

Used with the following degrees, the above five affixes operate to expand Phase + into showing increases or decreases (or wavering) of intensity of an action + during its duration.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Degree 1	so slowly + as to seem immovable
Degree 2	very slowly
Degree 3	slowly
Degree 4	somewhat slower than + normal
Degree 5	normal/usual/standard + speed
Degree 6	somewhat faster than + normal
Degree 7	fast/quickly
Degree 8	very rapidly
Degree 9	so rapidly as to be + unable to follow

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0fs	MVT	Degree of Stillness/Movement
Degree 1	unmovable + – integrated
Degree 2	unmovable + due to mass
Degree 3	not easily + moved
Degree 4	inclined + to stillness
Degree 5	holding + still
Degree 6	moving + around slightly, stirring
Degree 7	moving + around in one place
Degree 8	moving + around, agitated
Degree 9	highly agitated, unable to keep still

+
+
+ 7.7.8 Qualifying Affixes

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0x	SIZ	Degree of Size
Degree 1	too small
Degree 2	very small/ + very little/ miniscule/ tiny/ itty-bitty;in a very small manner; barely/hardly
Degree 3	small/little
Degree 4	a little + on the small size / undersized / petite
Degree 5	a little + on the large size / oversized / jumbo
Degree 6	big/large; + in a large manner
Degree 7	very big/very + large; in a very large manner
Degree 8	enormous(ly) + / huge(ly) / humoungous(ly) / gigantic(ally)
Degree 9	too big + / too large / too huge; in too large a manner

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	SCO	Dynamic Change of Size
Degree 1	smallest + single manifestation of / particle of
Degree 2	runaway + shrinkage of / rapid disappearance or diminishment of
Degree 3	solitary + / only / sole / lone / unaccompanied; alone / by -self / on his own / unaccompanied + / solely
Degree 4	decreasing + / de-escalating / shrinking
Degree 5	compact/concentrated; + in efficient or compact way [e.g., canyon + gorge]
Degree 6	expanded/enhanced; + in expanded or enhanced way [e.g., canyon + rift valley]
Degree 7	growing, + increasing, escalating
Degree 8	runaway + / runaway growth, increase or expansion of
Degree 9	synergistic + expansion e.g., hit (+ RCP valence) + fight

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0h	AFT	Degree of Affect
Degree 1	cute/darling + / in a cute or darling manner
Degree 2	too cute + / schmaltzy / in a maudlin way
Degree 3	kitschy + / quaint(ly)
Degree 4	dear, endearing(ly)
Degree 5	lovely + / elegant
Degree 6	esteemed
Degree 7	imperious + / royal / most high / most excellent / revered
Degree 8	too grand + / too imperious
Degree 9	great / + grand; in a great / grand / grandiose manner

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	QUA	Degree of Quality, Effectiveness or Adequacy
Degree 1	too poor(ly); + too badly
Degree 2	very bad(ly) + / very poor(ly) / very inadequate(ly) / intolerable / intolerably / terrible + / terribly
Degree 3	bad / poor + / inadequate; badly / poorly / inadequately / wanting / lacking
Degree 4	not-so-good + / could be better; somewhat poor(ly) or bad(ly) / somewhat wanting or lacking + / below average
Degree 5	not-so-bad + / average; could be worse; so-so / somewhat well / OK, I guess / adequate(ly) + / acceptably
Degree 6	good/effective; + well/effectively/ more than adequate / above-average
Degree 7	very good + / very effective(ly) / very well
Degree 8	excellent(ly) + / superb(ly) / outstanding(ly)
Degree 9	astounding(ly) + / amazing(ly) great or well / unbelievably excellent / absolutely superb(ly) + / unsurpassable(ly)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0c	UNQ	Degree of Specialness or Uniqueness
Degree 1	vulgar, + trashy, too cheap / in a vulgar or trashy manner
Degree 2	cheap, + tasteless, gaudy, gauche / in a cheap, gaudy, gauche or tasteless manner
Degree 3	run of + the mill / unexceptional / average / commonplace / ordinary; in a commonplace + or unexceptional manner
Degree 4	somewhat + ordinary / somewhat common(place)
Degree 5	somewhat + special / somewhat out of the ordinary / interesting(ly) / intriguing(ly) + / eye-catching / appealing(ly)
Degree 6	special; + epecially
Degree 7	extraordinary + / highly unusual; extraordinarily
Degree 8	(one and) + only/unique; in the only way / uniquely / unparallelled
Degree 9	marvelous + / wonderful / wondrous / awesome / awe-inspiring

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	CNQ	Degree of Consequentiality, Finality or Irrevocability
Degree 1	inconsequential/sham/having + no effect; like it didn’t even happen/with no effect
Degree 2	relatively + inconsequential / having little effect / easily reversible or undone / to + little effect / minor / to minor degree
Degree 3	somewhat + inconsequential/having only some effect/reparable/reversible/to some effect + / somewhat minor
Degree 4	not so + minor / somwhat significant degree / reversible with effort / having a somewhat + significant impact or effect
Degree 5	consequential + / having a fair effect / reversible only with concerted effort / to good + effect
Degree 6	Overall + / signifcant degree of; all in all / for the most part/to great effect / + on the whole
Degree 7	virtually + total/near total; nearly for good/almost completely
Degree 8	utter / + complete / total; altogether / completely / for good / utterly / irrevocably + for all intents and purposes
Degree 9	for all + time / forever / finally

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0q	NTR	Degree of Notoriety, Acceptance, Respect, Honor
Degree 1	pariah-like + / ostracized; in an alienating or self-ostracizing manner
Degree 2	infamous; + infamously
Degree 3	frowned-upon + / disapproved ; in a manner guaranteed to arouse disapproval
Degree 4	tolerated; + in a tolerated manner
Degree 5	common + / customary / expected / accepted; in an common, customary, expected, or + accepted manner
Degree 6	notorious(ly)
Degree 7	well-known + / well-liked / well thought of; in a totally appropriate way / in a manner + befitting a gentleman or lady
Degree 8	respected + / honored; respectfully / honorably
Degree 9	highly + praised / highly honored / highly esteemed / highly respected / most excellent + / most honorable

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0t	APR	Degree of Contextual Appropriateness
Degree 1	contemptable(-ly) + / utterly inappropriate(ly)
Degree 2	scandalous(ly) + / trashy(-ly) / inappropriate(ly)
Degree 3	ill-mannered + / boorish(ly) / improper(ly) / tasteless(ly)
Degree 4	eyebrow-raising + / questionable(-ly)
Degree 5	somewhat + improper(ly) / unorthodox(ically)
Degree 6	acceptable(-ly) + / adequate(ly)
Degree 7	appropriate(ly) + / proper(ly) / correct(ly)
Degree 8	utterly + appropriate(ly), very proper(ly); strictly correct(ly)
Degree 9	stuffy + / orthodox / old-fashioned; utterly predictable(ly)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	HRC	Position on Social, Occupational, or (Para-) Military Hierarchy
Degree 1	bottom + rung / the “dregs”
Degree 2	rank & + file
Degree 3	lower echeleon
Degree 4	lower-mid
Degree 5	mid-level
Degree 6	upper mid
Degree 7	upper echeleon
Degree 8	senior
Degree 9	head / + chief / top / executive

This affix, for example, would be used to distinguish the names of the various + ranks within a military or paramilitary organization such as private, corporal, + sergeant, lieutenant, etc. all the way up to general and supreme + commander.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	FRM	Degree of Formality
Degree 1	too casual + / overly casual
Degree 2	very casual
Degree 3	casual
Degree 4	somewhat + casual
Degree 5	neither + casual nor formal
Degree 6	somewhat + formal
Degree 7	formal
Degree 8	very formal
Degree 9	too formal + / overly formal

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0j	TYP	Degree of Typicalness
Degree 1	unique + / never-before-seen / one of a kind / shocking
Degree 2	original + / avante-garde; surprising(ly) / innovative(ly)
Degree 3	atypical(ly) + / unusual(ly)
Degree 4	somewhat + atypical(ly) or unusual(ly)
Degree 5	garden + variety / run-of-the-mill / typical(ly)
Degree 6	expected + / common; in a commonplace manner
Degree 7	disappointingly + typical; very typically
Degree 8	unoriginal + / mundane; in an uninspired way
Degree 9	stereotyped + / stereotypical(ly)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	PTY	Degree of Prototypicalness
Degree 1	very dissimilar + to prototype, very atypical member, closer to members of different set
Degree 2	dissimilar + to prototype, atypical member
Degree 3	having + noticeable dissimilarities from prototype
Degree 4	somewhat + dissimilar to prototype
Degree 5	having + unknown degree of closeness or similarity to prototype
Degree 6	adequately + similar to prototype
Degree 7	as close + to prototype as is typically found
Degree 8	as close + to prototype as possible
Degree 9	prototype/archetype/model +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0’	ITG	Degree of Intelligence Manifested
Degree 1	dumb / + stupid / assinine; idiotic(ally) / moronic(ally)
Degree 2	foolhearty + / foolish(ly)
Degree 3	ill-conceived(ly) + / (in a) poorly thought out (way)
Degree 4	naïve(ly) + / simplistic(ally)
Degree 5	well-intentioned + but ill-conceived / reckless(ly); risky
Degree 6	well-reasoned + / intelligent(ly)
Degree 7	innovative(ly) + / daring [based on analysis and judgement]
Degree 8	ingenious + / brilliant
Degree 9	wise(ly); + [V2c’ = ‘philosophical(ly)]

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	MDN	Degree of Age or Modernity
Degree 1	prehistoric + / proto-
Degree 2	ancient
Degree 3	old (first) + / archaic
Degree 4	classic(al) +
Degree 5	old-fashioned; + in the old-fashioned way
Degree 6	“yesteryear”; + in the era just passed; in the previous zeitgeist
Degree 7	modern, + contemporary, present-day
Degree 8	innovative + / trailblazing; innovatively, trailblazingly, cutting-edge
Degree 9	avant-garde +

7.7.9 Modifying Affixes

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-VSr	NA1	Negation/affirmation of all morphological components
-VSl	NA2	Negation/affirmation of stem + affixes but not adjunct information
-VS	NA3	Negation/affirmation of all morphological components except Modality
-VS	NA4	Negation/affirmation of all but aspectual or Modality information

The above four affixes are used to affirm or negate a formative. Because much + of the information associated with an Ithkuil formative is carried in adjuncts, + the above affixes are used to indicate exactly which morpho-semantic information + is being affirmed or negated. For example, in English the sentences I don’t + want to stop eating, I want to not stop eating, and I want to stop not eating + mean different things. The above four affixes are used with the following degrees. +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Degree 1	on + the contrary…most cerainly does NOT/is NOT [absolute negation]; no + X whatsoever; absolutely not = emphatic negation/denial
Degree 2	on the + contrary…does NOT or is NOT [absolute negation contrary to expectation]
Degree 3	on the + contrary…does NOT or is NOT [relative negation contrary to expectation]
Degree 4	no; not + [absolute negation] = e.g., I will not win the race (because I’m + not in the race)
Degree 5	no; not + [relative negation] = e.g., I will not win the race (although I am in + the race)
Degree 6	almost + / near(ly)
Degree 7	hardly + / barely
Degree 8	…does + (too) / is (too) [= simple affirmation contrary to expectation]
Degree 9	…is + indeed / does indeed / most certainly is / most certainly does [emphatic + affirmation]

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	DEV	Degree of Development
Degree 1	reversal + or undoing of process = ‘un-’ / ‘de-’ / ‘dis-’
Degree 2	reversal/undoing + of process in large chunks = ‘un-’ / ‘de-’ / ‘dis-’
Degree 3	reversal + little by little / a little at a time = entropic change in / slowly falling + apart / unravelling
Degree 4	moribund + / stagnant; in a moribund or stagnant manner
Degree 5	well-maintained + / well-kept / “healthy”; keep X going / maintain X-ing
Degree 6	one by + one / one at a time / one after another
Degree 7	little + by little / a little at a time / bit by bit / a piece at a time
Degree 8	by leaps + and bounds / in large amounts at a time
Degree 9	complete + achievement now irreversible / set in stone

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3pt	REA	Degree of Genuineness or Veracity
Degree 1	real / + actual / true / genuine; truly, genuinely, really, actually, indeed [affirmation + contrary to suggestion otherwise]
Degree 2	real / + actual / true / genuine; truly, genuinely, really, actually, indeed
Degree 3	apparent + / seeming / looks like a; apparently / appears to have / seems to have
Degree 4	suspicious-looking + / ”fishy” seeming; presumably /allegedly / gives the appearance + of having
Degree 5	ersatz + / facsimile; as an equivalent to
Degree 6	substitute + / replacement / proxy / fill-in / placeholder; as a substitue or proxy for
Degree 7	fake / + pretend / mock; pretend to, fake X-ing
Degree 8	imaginary + / unreal / made-up ; imagine X-ing, not really X-ing
Degree 9	imaginary + / unreal / made-up ; imagine X-ing, not really X-ing [contrary to suggestion + otherwise]

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3k	SCS	Degree of Success versus Failure
Degree 1	total failure + in; completely fail to
Degree 2	failed, + would-be; unsuccessfully, fail to
Degree 3	= INEFFECTUAL + or INCOMPLETIVE version (see Sec. 5.3)
Degree 4	certain + to be a failed / certain to fail in
Degree 5	marginally + successful(ly) / barely, hardly [in terms of adequacy or success]
Degree 6	certain + to be a successful ; certain to succeed in
Degree 7	= POSITIVE + or EFFECTIVE version (see Sec. 5.3)
Degree 8	successful(-ly + completed); successfully
Degree 9	overwhelmingly + successful(ly)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1v	CAP	Degree of Potential or Capability
Degree 1	utterly + incapable / completely lacking in all necessary abilities or capacities
Degree 2	underqualified; + almost totally lacking in necessary abilities or capacities
Degree 3	lacking + in certain key capabilities; mostly inadequate to task
Degree 4	possible + but less than likely due to underdeveloped capabilities
Degree 5	unknown + if capable or not
Degree 6	somewhat + capable / has possible potential to perform
Degree 7	sufficiently + capable / adequate potential to perform
Degree 8	fully capable; + well within abilities
Degree 9	overly + qualified; more capable than necessary or required

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V2v + *	PRB	Degree of Probability or Likelihood + * This affix takes a -V3 affix form to apply its meaning + to an adjacent suffix only.
Degree 1	impossible + / hopeless / lost cause
Degree 2	almost + no chance of / virtually impossible
Degree 3	highly + unlikely
Degree 4	unlikely + / improbable(ly)
Degree 5	possible; + possibly
Degree 6	hopeful(ly) +
Degree 7	probable; + probably
Degree 8	highly + probable / highly likely / certain to be a. . . certain to
Degree 9	forgone + conclusion that / in the can / done deal

7.7.10 Adverbial Affixes

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	STR	Degree of Physical Strength Possible or Used
Degree 1	barely + / hardly / very weak(ly)
Degree 2	weak(ly) + / to small degree
Degree 3	soft(ly) + / guarded(ly)
Degree 4	measured(ly)
Degree 5	somewhat + strong(ly) / somewhat powerful(ly)
Degree 6	adequately + strong; with adequate strength
Degree 7	strong(ly) + / powerful(ly)
Degree 8	very strong(ly) + / very powerful(ly)
Degree 9	with maximum + power

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3ç	FRC	Degree of Physical Force Exerted
Degree 1	too light(ly) + / too soft(ly) / too delicate(ly)
Degree 2	light as + a feather/ baby soft; extremely delicately or lightly or softly
Degree 3	light/soft/hardly + a; softly / lightly / delicately / gingerly
Degree 4	somewhat + on the light or soft side; somewhat softly / lightly / delicately / gingerly
Degree 5	neither + soft(ly) nor forceful(ly); with the right touch
Degree 6	somewhat + violent(ly) / somewhat forceful(ly)
Degree 7	violent/forceful + / rough; violently / with force / roughly
Degree 8	very violent(ly) + / very forceful(ly) / very rough(ly)
Degree 9	too violent(ly) + / too forceful(ly) / too rough(ly)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3sk	ITY	Degree of Speed (i.e., Intensity of Movement or Change)
Degree 1	too slow(ly)
Degree 2	very slow(ly) +
Degree 3	slow(ly) +
Degree 4	somewhat + slow(ly)
Degree 5	at just + the right speed or intensity
Degree 6	somewhat + fast / somewhat quick(ly) / somewhat rapid(ly)
Degree 7	fast / + quick(ly) / rapid(ly); at fast pace
Degree 8	very fast + / very quick(ly) / very rapid(ly); at fast pace
Degree 9	too fast + / too quick(ly) / too rapid(ly); at fast pace

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0st	SPD	Degree of Speed (i.e., Velocity = Distance Over Time)
Degree 1	too slow(ly) +
Degree 2	very slow(ly) +
Degree 3	slow(ly) +
Degree 4	somewhat + slow(ly)
Degree 5	at just + the right speed
Degree 6	somewhat + fast / somewhat quick(ly) / somewhat rapid(ly)
Degree 7	fast / + quick(ly) / rapid(ly); at fast pace
Degree 8	very fast + / very quick(ly) / very rapid(ly)/; at fast pace
Degree 9	too fast + / too quick(ly) / too rapid(ly); at fast pace

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	CFD	Degree of Forthrightness, Confidence or Humility
Degree 1	too + meek(ly) / too submissive(ly) / too obedient(ly) / too docile(ly) +
Degree 2	very meek(ly) + / very submissive(ly) / very obedient(ly) / very docile(ly)
Degree 3	meek(ly) + / submissive(ly) / obedient(ly) / docile(ly)
Degree 4	somewhat + meek(ly) / somewhat submissive(ly) / somewhat obedient(ly) / somewhat docile(ly)
Degree 5	properly + humble / properly forthright ; with proper degree of humility or forthrightness
Degree 6	somewhat + confident(ly) / somewhat strong(ly) / somewhat definite(ly) / somewhat definitive(ly) + or authoritative(ly)
Degree 7	confident(ly) + /strong(ly) / definite(ly)/ definitive(ly) / authoritative(ly)
Degree 8	very confident(ly) + / very strong(ly) / very definite(ly) / very definitive(ly) / very authoritative(ly)
Degree 9	over-confident(ly) + / too strong(ly) / too definite(ly) / too definitive(ly) / too authoritative(ly)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	EFI	Degree of Efficiency or Efficacy
Degree 1	destructively + wasteful / disastrous(ly) / accomplishing the opposite of intention / making + things worse
Degree 2	very wasteful + / accomplishing nothing / making a mess of it
Degree 3	wasteful + / accomplishing little
Degree 4	somewhat + wasteful / accomplishing somewhat less than expected
Degree 5	adequate(ly) + [in terms of efficiency]
Degree 6	rather + efficient(ly) / fairly efficient(ly) / accomplishing somewhat more than + expected
Degree 7	efficient(ly) + / with little or no waste(d effort)
Degree 8	extremely + efficient(ly) / with no waste(d effort) whatsoever
Degree 9	a synergy + of… / sum beyond total of parts / a synergistic composite of ; to + X synergistically

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3q	ERR	Degree of Correctness versus Error
Degree 1	totally + wrong / totally mis- or mal-; totally in error / erroneous(ly) / incorrect(ly)
Degree 2	wrong/incorrect(ly) + / mis- / mal- ; in error / erroneous(ly) / incorrect(ly)
Degree 3	fairly + wrong / fairly incorrect(ly)
Degree 4	somewhat + wrong / more wrong than right
Degree 5	so-so; + barely adequate(ly) / barely correct(ly)
Degree 6	somewhat + right / more right than wrong
Degree 7	fairly + right / fairly correct(ly)
Degree 8	right / + correctly
Degree 9	totally + right / totally correct(ly) / totally well-X’d

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0k	MAT	Degree of Maturation
Degree 1	undeveloped + / immature(ly) / seed / embryo
Degree 2	under-developed + / newborn [stage, not age] / seedling / baby
Degree 3	growing + / budding / youthful / young
Degree 4	maturing + / developing / getting stronger or bigger or more complex or sophisticated
Degree 5	fully developed + / fully mature(d) / robust / ripe
Degree 6	overly + developed / overripe / showing signs of wear and tear / stressed / under + stress / fatigued
Degree 7	declining/fading; + trail off/fade / getting softer or weaker / faded / decrepit / has-been + / past one’s prime
Degree 8	disintegrating + / utterly deteriorated / beyond repair or rehabilitation / irreparable / + dying
Degree 9	dead / + defunct / disintegrated

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0z	SBT	Degree of Subtlety
Degree 1	too subtle(ly) +
Degree 2	very subtle(ly) +
Degree 3	subtle(ly) +
Degree 4	somewhat + subtle(ly)
Degree 5	somewhat + unsubtle(ly)
Degree 6	unsubtle(ly) + / lumbering(ly) rather obvious/ fairly blatant / belabored ; belabor / lumber + along X-ing
Degree 7	obvious(ly) + / blatant(ly) / exaggerated(ly)
Degree 8	very obvious(ly) + / very blatant(ly)
Degree 9	over-the-top + / in-your-face / to obvious(ly) / too blatant(ly)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1kš	DRC	Degree of Directness
Degree 1	too indirect(ly)
Degree 2	very indirect(ly) +
Degree 3	indirect(ly) +
Degree 4	somewhat + indirect(ly)
Degree 5	somewhat + direct(ly)
Degree 6	fairly + direct(ly) / rather direct(ly)
Degree 7	direct(ly) + / straightforward
Degree 8	very direct(ly) + / very straightforward
Degree 9	too direct(ly) + / painfully straightforward

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0mš	SUD	Degree of Suddenness
Degree 1	too slow(ly) + in happening, too long in X-ing, overdue, delayed
Degree 2	very slow(ly) + in happening or developing
Degree 3	slow(ly) + ; long in developing or happening
Degree 4	somewhat + slow(ly) ; somewhat long in developing or happening
Degree 5	taking + just the right amount of time to develop or occur
Degree 6	somewhat + immediate / somewhat sudden; somewhat imediately / somewhat suddenly
Degree 7	immediate + / sudden; imediately / suddenly
Degree 8	very immediate + / very sudden; very imediately / very suddenly
Degree 9	too immediate + / too sudden; too imediately / too suddenly

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	PCN	Degree of Care, Precision or Scrutiny
Degree 1	utterly + sloppy(ily) / totally careless(ly)
Degree 2	very sloppy(ily) + / very careless(ly)
Degree 3	sloppy(ily) + / careless(ly) / with poor attention to detail
Degree 4	somewhat + sloppy(ily) / somewhat careless(ly)
Degree 5	less than + careful(ly) / with only some degree of care
Degree 6	somewhat + careful(ly) / fairly precise(ly)
Degree 7	precise(ly) + / careful(ly) / detailed
Degree 8	extremely + precise(ly) / with great care or precision or scrutiny / meticulous(ly)
Degree 9	overly + precise(ly) / ‘nit-picky’ / with too much scrutiny / overly + meticulous(ly)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V2kš +	CNC	Degree of Concern or Consideration
Degree 1	…the + hell…! / what the hell . . . / . . . who cares
Degree 2	self-centered(ly) + / without thought or concern for others
Degree 3	at the + very least / at the least level of concern required
Degree 4	without + concern / indifferent(ly) / without consideration / unconcerned(ly) / thoughtless(ly)
Degree 5	reluctant(ly)
Degree 6	at best + / with the most concern one can muster
Degree 7	concerned(ly) + / with concern / with consideration for others
Degree 8	very concerned(ly) + / highly concerned(ly) / with great concern or consideration for others
Degree 9	overly + concerned(ly) / worrisome(ly) / with too much concern or consideration for + others / altruistically

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	SPH	Degree of Sophistication
Degree 1	too crude(ly) + / too primitive(ly)
Degree 2	very crude(ly) + / very primitive(ly)
Degree 3	crude(ly) + / primitive(ly)
Degree 4	somewhat + crude(ly) / somewhat primitive(ly)
Degree 5	with expected/normal + degree or level of sophistication
Degree 6	somewhat + sophisticated or refined
Degree 7	sophisticated + or refined
Degree 8	very sophisticated + or refined
Degree 9	too sophisticated + or refined

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0çt	CVT	Degree of Covertness versus Overtness
Degree 1	too secretive(ly) + / overly covert(ly)
Degree 2	very secretive(ly) + / highly covert(ly) / hidden / well behind the scenes
Degree 3	secretive(ly) + / covert(ly) / behind the scenes / between the lines / under the table / + “back-room”
Degree 4	somewhat + secretive(ly) / somewhat covert(ly)
Degree 5	not too + secretive(ly) / not so open(ly)
Degree 6	somewhat + open(ly) / somewhat “up front”
Degree 7	open(ly) + / overt(ly) / “up front” / out in the open / honest / forthcoming(ly)
Degree 8	very open(ly) + / very overt(ly) / very “up front” / flaunting(ly) / brutally + honest
Degree 9	too open(ly) + / too overt(ly) / overly flaunting(ly) / vulgar(ly)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	EFT	Degree of Effort
Degree 1	too difficult + / overly difficult
Degree 2	very difficult + / so difficult
Degree 3	strained + / difficult; strain to / with difficulty / struggle to / to work at X-ing + / to X hard
Degree 4	somewhat + difficult / not that easy
Degree 5	neither + easy nor difficult
Degree 6	somewhat + easy; not so difficult
Degree 7	easy / + certain / unhindered / with ease / without resistance / effortlessly
Degree 8	very easy + / so easy
Degree 9	too easy + / overly easy

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0m	DSG	Degree of Design or Purposefulness
Degree 1	purposeless(ly) + /random(ly) / utterly unorganized / chaotic(ally)
Degree 2	haphazard(ly) + / without plan or guidance/ disorganized(ly) / poorly planned
Degree 3	fairly + haphazard(ly) / not well-planned / not well-organized
Degree 4	somewhat + haphazard(ly) / somewhat disorganized
Degree 5	slightly + disorganized / less than well-planned
Degree 6	somewhat + organized / somewhat well-planned
Degree 7	organized(ly) + / purposeful(ly) / well-planned
Degree 8	very organized + / very structured
Degree 9	too organized + / overly structured / “anal(ly)”

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3sq	DCS	Degree of Decisiveness, Commitment or Emphasis
Degree 1	indecisive + / meandering; indecisively / first one way then another
Degree 2	wishy washy + / flaky
Degree 3	some sort + of / some kind of / sort of (like) / ”kind of”; in a way / halfway + / does and doesn’t
Degree 4	apparent(ly); + seeming(ly)
Degree 5	mere(ly) + / only (a); merely / only
Degree 6	deliberate + / decisive; deliberately / decisively / purposefully
Degree 7	a real + / certainly a ; really / certainly [emphasis, not genuineness or veracity]
Degree 8	the (one); + in the only way that counts
Degree 9	what (a) + ...!; how . . .! ; Boy! Did (does) X ever …

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3št	CTN	Degree of Contrariness to Expectation(s) or Shift in Subject
Degree 1	but X would… + / if things were otherwise X WOULD… / on the contrary, X WOULD [affirmation + of hypothetical contrary to statement/suggestion otherwise
Degree 2	but / X + DOES/IS . . . / on the contrary … [affirmation of fact contrary to + suggestion or statement otherwise]
Degree 3	like it + or not…/ well, as much as we didn’t want to think it would happen...
Degree 4	against + expectation or belief ‘… after all’ ‘well, what + do you know…X!’
Degree 5	a genuine + / real / true ; really do, [contrary to expectation]
Degree 6	as a matter + of fact
Degree 7	‘at + least/at any rate’
Degree 8	‘by + the way/ just to mention’
Degree 9	not to + change the subject but…/ sorry to change the subject, but…/ + I don’t mean to change the subject, but…

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3’	PHY	Degree of Physical Control
Degree 1	uncontrolled/helpless(ly) + ; without control/ out of control
Degree 2	almost + completely out of control / almost totally helpless
Degree 3	losing + control / losing the ability to…
Degree 4	insufficiently + trained in...
Degree 5	amateur(ishly) + / superficially able to…
Degree 6	learn(ing) + to… / begin(ning) to be able to…
Degree 7	w/ growing + proficiency or expertise (in)
Degree 8	proficient(ly)
Degree 9	in full + control / expert(ly)

7.7.11 Modality Affixes

Many of these correspond to the vocalic modality suffixes used with valence + or conflation adjuncts (see Sec. 5.5). The nine degrees associated with each + affix allow a speaker control over the extent to which the modality category + should apply to the utterance. These affix forms function, then, as an alternative + to adjunct forms for greater nuance in the applicability of the modality category + and to apply them to nouns. The nine degrees of each affix are as follows:

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Degree 1	not at + all
Degree 2	to too + little a degree; to an insufficient degree
Degree 3	hardly + at all
Degree 4	to a small + degree
Degree 5	to a fair + degree/somewhat
Degree 6	fairly + much/more so than not
Degree 7	very much + so / decidedly so / to a great degree
Degree 8	too much + so / to too great a degree
Degree 9	to the + exclusion of all else / without consideration for anything else

The specific modality affixes are as follows:

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3bb		resigned to
-V3dd		devoted; committed to / devoted to
-V3		desired / sought-after; want to
-V3		attempted, attempt at a …; try to, attempt to
-V3çç +		capable, able; can / able to / capable of
-V3cc		knowledgeable; can = know how to / familiar with
-V3ff		mandatory; must / have to
-V3xx		required; should / be to
-V3		expected; be supposed to
-V3hh		intended; mean to / intend to / shall
-V3gg		chosen, selected; choose to / elect to
-V3		…on impulse; feel like X-ing
-V3		promised; promise to
-V3		well-liked; like (to)
-V3		feared; fear (to)
-V3		willing; willing to
-V3		prepared / ready; prepared to/ready to
-V3		necessary / needed; need to
-V3		Daring; dare to
-V3hq		decided-upon; decide to
-V3pf		offered/offer of; offer to
-V33t		aided / assisted; help to / aid in X-ing
-V3hk		not unexpected; be prone to / be apt to / tend to
-V3ç’ +		agreed-upon; agree to
-V3x’ +		responsible for/in charge of
-V3		remember to
-V3		feel a need to / feel one should / feel one must / feel driven to
-V3		to guess or think [that]…
-V3’ +		available; available to/for
-V3kk		potential; can = have potential to
-V3tt +		permitted; can = permitted to
-V3qq +		hoped-for; hope/wish to
-V3pp		X by inclination; be inclined to

7.7.12 Agential/Participant Affixes

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0n	AGC	Degree of Agency
Degree 1	[AGENT] + = one who forces/causes
Degree 2	[ENABLER] + = one who enables to happen
Degree 3	[INFLUENCE] + = one who persuades/influences
Degree 4	ENABLER + BY PERMISSION] = one who permits/allows/lets happen
Degree 5	[PATIENT] + = one who does/is made to do
Degree 6	[EXPERIENCER] + = one who undergoes/experiences
Degree 7	[INSTRUMENT] + = instrument which causes
Degree 8	[STIMULUS] + = one whose status is as stimulus of affective experience
Degree 9	[SOURCE] + = that which gives rise to, provides underlying reason for, source of

This affix and the following identify a formative as filling a specific semantic + role corresponding in many cases to the semantic roles discussed in Sections + 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. In + several instances, these affixes would translate the English “agentive” + suffixes -er, or -or.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0m	ROL	Role
Degree 1	that which + contains or functions as the enclosure / container / house / shelter of + or for
Degree 2	that which + results from
Degree 3	[RECIPIENT] + = one who receives / has / "-ee"
Degree 4	one who + is / acts as / functions as
Degree 5	one who + is characterized by / described by...
Degree 6	one who + is similar to/functions or acts similarly to
Degree 7	one whose + responsibility is / who is responsible for / runs the business of (operationally + speaking)
Degree 8	one who + constructs / makes / creates
Degree 9	one who + manages / oversees / supervises / coordinates / runs the business of (managerially + speaking)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0p	UTE	Utilitative or Enabling Means
Degree 1	tool/device/apparatus + specifically designed for X-ing +
Degree 2	medium + by/through which one X’s
Degree 3	conduit-like + tool/apparatus for X-ing
Degree 4	natural/standard + body part for X-ing
Degree 5	object + employed circumstantially as implement for X-ing
Degree 6	covering/protective + element employed to allow/permit X-ing
Degree 7	enabling + element/device/apparatus to allow/foster X-ing
Degree 8	environment/situaton/circumstances/setting + which allows/fosters X-ing
Degree 9	FORCE which + causes/permits X-ing

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0ž	CNS	Degree of Consent
Degree 1	deliberately + without consent of knowledge
Degree 2	without + consent or knowledge as a precaution or “for their own good”
Degree 3	without + consent or knowledge due to circumstances
Degree 4	with their + knowledge but w/o consent; against their will
Degree 5	consent + obtained under pressure, threat, coercion
Degree 6	w/ reluctant + consent
Degree 7	willingly; + with full consent
Degree 8	with enthusiastic + approval and support
Degree 9	at their + request

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0t	MEC	Type of Mechanical Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ +
Degree 1	the body’s + natural method of doing so (e.g., on foot, by hand, etc.)
Degree 2	a manually + manipulated generic tool or implement
Degree 3	a specialized + tool for that specific purpose or activity
Degree 4	a machine + or via mechanical means or process
Degree 5	a virtual, + electronic means or via engineering
Degree 6	mental + power, force of will, concentration
Degree 7	a redirection + or collation of energy specially applied
Degree 8	a collective + pooling of manual labor resources
Degree 9	a collective + pooling of electronic/mechanical/engineering resources

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	BOD	Bodily Instrumentality = ‘by means of’
Degree 1	a hand +
Degree 2	an arm
Degree 3	a foot
Degree 4	a leg
Degree 5	one’s + eyes
Degree 6	both legs
Degree 7	both feet
Degree 8	both arms
Degree 9	both hands

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0mp	DBI	Additional Bodily Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ +
Degree 1	a finger +
Degree 2	a thumb
Degree 3	a knee
Degree 4	one’s + head
Degree 5	one’s + teeth
Degree 6	one’s + lips
Degree 7	one’s + tongue
Degree 8	one’s + elbow
Degree 9	one’s + fingers

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	SOC	Type of Social Instrumentality = ‘by means of’ +
Degree 1	via lackeys, + grunt labor, go-fors or henchmen
Degree 2	by coercion, + threat, blackmail
Degree 3	“fronts”, + or disguised go-betweens
Degree 4	indirectly + through actions of others (unbeknownst to them)
Degree 5	indirectly + through actions of others (with their knowledge)
Degree 6	by leveraging + existing resources / personnel (deploying existing methods in a new application)
Degree 7	via a proxy + or proxies
Degree 8	hired help + or staff
Degree 9	by delegation + of task to experts

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0šš	RSN	Reason for an Emotional State or Motivation for an Action +
Degree 1	for evil + or perverse reasons
Degree 2	for foolish + or naïve reason
Degree 3	due to + deception by another
Degree 4	due to + faulty information provided by another [no deception intended]
Degree 5	due to + or based on faulty perception or misinterpretation of information or evidence
Degree 6	despite + negative circumstances or reasons not to
Degree 7	for no + reason
Degree 8	for appropriate + reasons / for good reason
Degree 9	for virtuous, + healthy reasons

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0t	XPT	Expectation of Outcome
Degree 1	shockingly + unexpected; without precedent or rumour
Degree 2	surprise + X / unexpected X; completely by surprise/ completely unexpected(ly)
Degree 3	manage + to X despite inadequacy of preparation or effort
Degree 4	manage + to X despite misguided or misdirected preparation or effort
Degree 5	managed + to X despite hindrance(s) or obstacles; hard-won
Degree 6	manage + to X due to hindrances or obstacles being overestimated; easier than thought + to be
Degree 7	manage + to X due to excellent preparation / planning / execution
Degree 8	completely + as expected / totally as anticipated / as predicted
Degree 9	pat; outcome + pre-ordained or predetermined

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V3t	DLB	Degree of Deliberateness/Agency
Degree 1	accidental(ly) + / inadvertent(ly) and unaware of consequences
Degree 2	unintended + / unintentional(ly) / without meaning to and unaware of consequences
Degree 3	accidental(ly) + / inadvertent(ly) but now aware of consequences
Degree 4	unintended + / unintentional(ly) / without meaning to but now aware of consequences
Degree 5	unforseeable + / unpredictable; unforeseeably / unpredictably
Degree 6	without + realizing or considering potential consequences
Degree 7	thinking + one can get away without reaping consequences / furtive(ly)
Degree 8	realizing + potential risks or consequences / cognizant of potential risks or consequences
Degree 9	intentional(ly) + / deliberate(ly) / on purpose / by choice; choose to

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0mz	MOT	Degree of Self-Conscious Deliberation or Motivation
Degree 1	affected, + ostentatious; affectedly/ostentatiously
Degree 2	self-conscious(ly) +
Degree 3	guilty + / guiltily
Degree 4	half-hearted(ly) +
Degree 5	against + better judgement / can’t help but / can’t help it
Degree 6	ingrained, + by upbringing
Degree 7	learned + / habitual; by habit / trained to
Degree 8	natural(ly) + / un-self-conscious(ly)
Degree 9	autonomic + / unaware, automatic

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V11k	ENB	Degree of Enablement
Degree 1	by inadvertent + gesture/word/sign taken as order or permission
Degree 2	by granting + of permission
Degree 3	by cajoling + or persuasion
Degree 4	by direct + request or imploring
Degree 5	by direct + order based on one’s real or perceived authority
Degree 6	by inadvertent + removal of hindrance
Degree 7	by inadvertent + action that initiates a chain of events
Degree 8	by deliberate + removal of hindrance
Degree 9	by deliberate + action that initiates a chain of events

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0ms	AGN	Degree of Agency, Intent or Effectiveness
Degree 1	with the + anticipated max. resulting effect possible
Degree 2	with the + anticipated resulting effect to a high degree
Degree 3	with the + anticipated resulting effect to a moderate degree
Degree 4	with the + anticipated resulting effect but only to a marginal, superficial or baredly + noticable degree
Degree 5	with no + noticeable effect or resulting change
Degree 6	with only + marginal, superficial, or barely noticeable effect or resulting change unanticipated
Degree 7	with moderate + effect or resulting change — unanticipated
Degree 8	with the + resulting effect to a high degree — unanticipated
Degree 9	with the + max. resulting effect possible — unanticipated

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V21k	IMP	Degree of Impact on Patient/Target or Enablement of Outcome
Degree 1	target + can do nothing - utterly inevitable
Degree 2	target + chooses to do nothing - resigned to fate
Degree 3	target + tries to prevent/avoid but fails
Degree 4	target + tries to prevent/avoid and does so partially or mitigates impact somewhat
Degree 5	target + tries to prevent/avoid and succeeds
Degree 6	target + helps/enables outcome inadvertently
Degree 7	target + helps/enables outcome against own interest (i.e., without thinking)
Degree 8	target + helps/enables outcome intentionally despite negative consequences
Degree 9	target + helps/enables outcome intentionally for own benefit

7.7.13 Miscellaneous Affixes

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1_’	TPF	Topic, Frame and Focus
Degree 1	[sentence + topic]
Degree 2	[end of + frame]
Degree 3	[head of + relative clause]
Degree 4	[sentence + topic + head of relative clause]
Degree 5	[end of + frame + head of relative clause]
Degree 6	[sentence + topic + end of frame]
Degree 7	[sentence + focus + end of frame + head of rel. clause]
Degree 8	[sentence + focus]
Degree 9	[sentence + focus + end of frame]

The various functions of the above affix are explained in Sec. + 3.5 on Focus, Sec. 5.7 on + Frames, and Sec. 9.2 on pragmatic roles + including Sentence Topic.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V2_’	SWR	Switch Reference & Obviative Specification (For an explanation + and illustration of this affix, see Sec. + 8.1.1.7 and Sec. + 8.1.4)
Degree 1	nearest + preceding referent
Degree 2	2nd to + nearest preceding referent
Degree 3	3rd party + not previously mentioned
Degree 4	referring + to sentence focus
Degree 5	first referent + mentioned
Degree 6	referring + to sentence topic
Degree 7	3rd party + non-transrelative referent
Degree 8	2nd order + transrelative referent
Degree 9	higher + order transrelative referent

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0s	PLA	Place, State, Setting Where…
Degree 1	place where + one learns to
Degree 2	place where + one does, performs, carries out X
Degree 3	place where + one obtains
Degree 4	place where + one stores or inventories
Degree 5	place where + one keeps or shelters
Degree 6	place where + one sees or views
Degree 7	natural + habitat or environment of
Degree 8	place where + one deals with/ treats/ confronts
Degree 9	place where + one feels affected by

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1mm	APT	Aspects
Degree 1	yet, still
Degree 2	‘even’ + as in “I don’t even like them” = in the least bit, to + the slightest extent
Degree 3	Contemplative: + upon reflection/ in hindsight
Degree 4	upon deep + introspection / following careful consideration or meditation on the matter
Degree 5	on first + blush / at first / upon initial impression / [my] first thought is/was…
Degree 6	natural(ly) + / obvious(ly) / clear(ly) [in terms of naturalness, not blatancy]
Degree 7	Experiential: + ever
Degree 8	Regressive: + return to previous state
Degree 9	Protractive: + over a long period of time / long-delayed

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V2mm	TEM	Alternative Temporal Aspects
Degree 1	Inceptive: + begin to / start to
Degree 2	Resumptive: + begin again / start again / resume
Degree 3	Continuative: + keep on / still / continue / stay / yet
Degree 4	Incessative: + to X away / not stop
Degree 5	tire of + X-ing / get tired of X-ing / become weary of X-ing
Degree 6	Cessative: + stop / discontinue / cease
Degree 7	Pausal: + take a break from [stop with intention to re-sume]
Degree 8	Recessative: + stop again
Degree 9	Terminative: + finish / complete

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1	DRV	Format/Derivation Alternates
Degree 1	Instrumentative + Format
Degree 2	Authoritative + Format
Degree 3	Precurrent + Format
Degree 4	Resultative + Format
Degree 5	Derivation: + translative motion
Degree 6	Subsequent + Format
Degree 7	Concommitant + Format
Degree 8	Objective + Format
Degree 9	Derivation: + attend to, deal with

The above affix forms function as alternates to the Format infix of a conflation + or valence adjunct (see Sec. 5.4.2). The SCHEMATIC format + is considered the default and therefore has no affix. Additionally, two of the + affixes refer to two common derivations (see Sec. 5.4.3).
+

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V2	ILL	Illocution/Mood/Validation Alternates
Degree 1	Directive + Illocution
Degree 2	Commissive + Illocution
Degree 3	Expressive + Illocution
Degree 4	Declarative + Illocution
Degree 5	Interrogative + Illocution
Degree 6	Admonitive + Illocution
Degree 7	Subjunctive + Mood
Degree 8	Inferential + Validation
Degree 9	Hortative + Validation

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	PTF	Part/Whole Functional Metaphors
Degree 1	engine + / motor / heart / pump / core / driver mechanism
Degree 2	brain / + computer / chip / instruction set
Degree 3	input / + feeder / access point
Degree 4	exit point + / anus / exhaust / tailpipe / smokestack / vent
Degree 5	wing/ arm + / branch / extensor / manipulator
Degree 6	support + / leg / stand / base
Degree 7	skeleton + / frame
Degree 8	wiring + / conduits / plumbing
Degree 9	sensor + / eye / ear / antennae

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0š	PTG	Part/Whole Gestalt Componential Metaphors
Degree 1	“base”portion + (e.g., upper arm)
Degree 2	“extension” + portion (e.g., forearm) or “flange”
Degree 3	“trunk” + or central bulk portion
Degree 4	middle + or divisional segment or joint
Degree 5	top/upper + component relative to gravity or natural vector of movement
Degree 6	bottom/lower + component relative to gravity or natural vector of movement
Degree 7	side/flank/ + lateral component
Degree 8	“head” + extension or main interface area
Degree 9	extension/”arm”

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0qt	MET	Metonymic Categories
Degree 1	part for + whole
Degree 2	producer + for product
Degree 3	object + used or owned for user/owner
Degree 4	controller + for controlled
Degree 5	institution + for people responsible
Degree 6	place for + inhabitants/occupants
Degree 7	place for + event
Degree 8	place for + institution
Degree 9	attribute + or characteristic for owner

Metonymy is the reference to an entity via one of its attributes, associations + or activities, as in The ham-and-cheese wants fries with + his order or The White House has its nose in our business.
+
+

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1t’	SSD	Stem-Specific Derivatives
Degree 1	derivative + 1
Degree 2	derivative + 2
Degree 3	derivative + 3
Degree 4	derivative + 4
Degree 5	derivative + 5
Degree 6	derivative + 6
Degree 7	derivative + 7
Degree 8	derivative + 8
Degree 9	derivative + 9

This affix is used to distinguish particular instantiations of a more generic + entity; their meaning is semantically specific to the particular stem.
+

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V2t’	SBS	Subset of Configurative Set
Degree 1	single + specific member (random, i.e., any given member)
Degree 2	natural + first level subset, e.g., a cell among a network, a clique within a + club, a row of an orchard
Degree 3	natural + 2nd level subset, e.g., a section of a network, a subcommittee within + a club, a section of an orchard
Degree 4	complex + natural system or pattern within a set (e.g., the circulatory system, + the heating system)
Degree 5	subset + of set (unknown if natural or select subconfiguration)
Degree 6	complex/circumstantial + select pattern/arrangement within a set (e.g., the parts/things of a + house damaged by fire)
Degree 7	2nd level + subset (externally determined), e.g., select section of trees of an + orchard
Degree 8	first level + subset (externally determined), e.g., select rocks from a pile, select + trees of an orchard
Degree 9	single + select member (externally determined)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1k’	ATN	Degree of Attention or Determination
Degree 1	concentrate + fully upon; pay utmost attention to
Degree 2	concentrate + to point of distraction, to be ‘lost’ in X-ing
Degree 3	pay strict + attention to
Degree 4	determined + to
Degree 5	pay attention + to; attend to; be careful that you…; heed
Degree 6	keep an + eye on
Degree 7	take some + notice of
Degree 8	barely + notice; take little notice of
Degree 9	ignore + completely

+
+

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1šk	DPR	Dispersion or Separability of a Configurative Set
Degree 1	in total + contact / contiguous mass of; pile, “ball of…”
Degree 2	non-contiguous + but closely connected, interlinked, each linked to adjacent via connecting + medium (like web); cluster
Degree 3	connected + via intervening central medium (like a vine or branches); bunch
Degree 4	not physically + connected but with immediate accessibility and knowledge of other member + actions
Degree 5	scattered + - contact with nearest member possible but less possible with others
Degree 6	“virtual” + association only
Degree 7	temporal + (iterative) set – iteration at long intervals
Degree 8	temporal + (iterative) set – iteration at frequent intervals
Degree 9	temporal + (iterative) set – iteration at very short, immediate intervals / one + after another

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V1nd	SEP	Spatio-Temporal Separability of a Configurative Set
Degree 1	Logical + connectedness only (spatial) +
Degree 2	Loosely + integrated spatially – one positioned far away from another
Degree 3	Loosely + integrated spatially – one positioned a little ways away from another
Degree 4	Well-integrated + spatially – one positioned right next to or behind another
Degree 5	Both spatially + and temporally well-integrated (one right after another)
Degree 6	Well-integrated + temporally – one right after the other
Degree 7	Loosely + integrated temporally – one a little while after the other
Degree 8	Loosely + integrated temporally – one a long while after the other
Degree 9	Logical + connectedness only (temporal)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0k	SDP	Subset of Duplex Set
Degree 1	first, + top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of duplex set or pair (e.g., + upper lip, inhale/inhalation, left hand)
Degree 2	beginning + or leading “edge” of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead + “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 3	middle + section of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of + a duplex event or object
Degree 4	ending + or trailing “edge” of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead + “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 5	midpoint, + peak, or lull between the 2 halves of a duplex set or pair
Degree 6	beginning + or leading “edge” of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing + “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 7	middle + section of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing “half” of + a duplex event or object
Degree 8	ending + or trailing “edge” of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing + “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 9	2nd, bottom, + back, righthand or trailing “half” of duplex set or pair (e.g., + lower lip, exhale/exhalation, right hand)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0xt	NEW	Degree of Newness/Revision
Degree 1	new = original + new, i.e., never before seen
Degree 2	new = never before seen within current context, e.g., a new student
Degree 3	new = role, i.e., never functioning/existing in this capacity/manner before
Degree 4	new/other = replacement + new
Degree 5	new/other = additional instance + new
Degree 6	new/other = revision + additional
Degree 7	new/other = revision + replacement
Degree 8	new/other/different = different, not seen/used before within current context; status as addition/replacement unknown
Degree 9	new/other/different = different + new; status as addition/replacement unknown

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0 ln	SPR	Spread/wake/trail/area/expanse created by passage of entity
Degree 1	quasi-linear “trail” or wake left behind on path of linear movement; trail or wake is not composed of the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., slime trail left by snail, footprints left on snow, mowed down foliage left by moving convoy, etc.)
Degree 2	quasi-linear spread of entity stretching behind linearly moving “head” (e.g., a line of soldiers put in place to create a front, a line left on a piece of paper as written by an ink pen, path of a ball of string or skein of yarn as it unravels while rolling down an incline)
Degree 3	quasi-linear trail/wake/spread left behind passage as line of demarcation/boundary/barrier
Degree 4	2-d quasi-planar wake left behind on path of movement; wake is not composed of the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., aftermath of a forest fire, cleaned area of dirty floor or wall after it has been wiped by a mop or dustcloth)
Degree 5	2-d quasi-planar spread stretching behind moving front (e.g., area of spreading flames in a forest fire, area being inundated by a flood, area of a wall being covered up by plaster by workmen, coating of an apple dipped in chocolate, area of floor covered up by a rug)
Degree 6	2-d quasi-planar wake/spread left behind passage as area of demarcation/zone/restricted area
Degree 7	3-d volume left behind a moving front; volume is not composed of or inundated with the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., area left behind the passage of a tidal wave, column of superheated air left behind the passage of a rocket
Degree 8	3-d volume inundated by spread of moving front (e.g., spread of a gas within a room, area inundated by fog, volume of a container taken up by substance placed/poured/stuffed into it)
Degree 9	3-d volume left behind passage of moving front as volume/spatial area of demarcation/zone/restricted space

The above affix distinguishes movement of an entity from the “trail” or spread left behind, e.g., movement which leaves behind a wake or affected area; used with motion roots as well as roots designating shapes/forms. Use of the above suffixes in conjunction with the various roots pertaining to paths of translative movement allows for very nuanced translations of English words such as surround, cover, inundate, enclose, expand, spread out, encompass, etc.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0 ld	TRA	Degree of Shift/Change/Transition (used for both spatial and temporal contexts)
Degree 1	sharp break, sudden shift from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another with no discernible transition period/zone (i.e., point-like/instantaneous transition)
Degree 2	disjointed/non-contiguous/non-continuous break/shift from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 3	extremely brief/small/barely discernible transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 4	somewhat brief/small/discernible transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 5	normal/standard/expected transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 6	somewhat variable/changing/fluctuating transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 7	highly variable/chaotic transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 8	smooth, gradual transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 9	very gradual/almost imperceptible rate/degree of change/transition from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0 lm	NNN	N-numbered angles/facets/faces/sides/points/forms
Degree 1	uneven /assymmetrical n–sided 2-D obtusely angled form (e.g., quadrilateral, pentagonoid, hexagonoid
Degree 2	uneven/assymetrical n-pointed 2-D acutely angled “star” formation
Degree 3	uneven/assymetrical n-faceted 3-D solid
Degree 4	uneven/assymmetrical n-faced 3-D solid (e.g., n-hedron-like solid)
Degree 5	having n number of 3-D projections/spikes/pointed surfaces
Degree 6	symmetrical n-faced 3-D solid (e.g., tetrahedron, dodecahedron)
Degree 7	symetrical n-faceted 3-D solid
Degree 8	symetrical n-pointed 2-D acutely angled “star” formation (can be used with numbers as low as 2, which would refer to an elongated diamond shape)
Degree 9	symmetrical n–sided 2-D form (e.g., square, pentagon, hexagon)

The above affix is used with the number stems (see Chapter 12) to provide words for forms, shapes, and solids bearing a distinct number of angles, points, sides, facets, etc.

+ 7.7.14 Locational Affixes

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0çç	LCT	Locational Quadrant Markers for Object Being Located (These + affixes will be explained and illustrated in Chapter + 10.)
Degree 1	+X / +Y + / +Z = “right / ahead / above” = Quadrant 1
Degree 2	+X / +Y + / -Z = “right / ahead / below” = Quadrant 2
Degree 3	+X / -Y + / +Z = “right / behind / above” = Quadrant 3
Degree 4	+X / -Y + / -Z = “right / behind / below” = Quadrant 4
Degree 5	object + at rest relative to other object
Degree 6	-X / +Y + / +Z = “left / ahead / above” = Quadrant 5
Degree 7	-X / +Y + / -Z = “left / ahead / below” = Quadrant 6
Degree 8	-X / -Y + / +Z = “left / behind / above” = Quadrant 7
Degree 9	-X / -Y + / -Z = “left / behind / below” = Quadrant 8

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0p’	PRX	Degree of Proximity
Degree 1	too close +
Degree 2	as close + as possible without contact
Degree 3	very close + to
Degree 4	close to +
Degree 5	somewhat + close to
Degree 6	not very + close to / somewhat far from
Degree 7	far from + / distant from
Degree 8	far away + / very far from
Degree 9	too far + away

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-V0	CTC	Degree of Contact
Degree 1	melded + with / blended with / fused
Degree 2	inseparable(ly) + / locked together / bonded
Degree 3	linked + / attached / connected / joined
Degree 4	touching + intimately / touching all over / in close contact with
Degree 5	deliberately + touching at several spots or places or over a fair area
Degree 6	deliberately + touching at one spot or place
Degree 7	casually + or incidentally touching at several spots or places or over a fair area
Degree 8	casually + or incidentally touching at one spot or place
Degree 9	barely + touching / hardly touching at all / touching at one small spot

+ Proceed to Chapter 8: + Adjuncts >>

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Home
5a + Verb Morphology
9 + Syntax
Introduction
5b + Verb Morphology (continued)
10 + Lexico-Semantics
1 + Phonology
6 + More Verb Morphology
11 + The Script
2 + Morpho-Phonology 7a + Using Affixes 12 + The Number System
3 + Basic Morphology 7b + Using Affixes (continued) The + Lexicon
4 + Case Morphology 8 + Adjuncts Revised Ithkuil: Ilaksh
+
+©2004-2009 by John Quijada. You may copy or excerpt any portion +of the contents of this website provided you give full attribution to the author +and this website.
+

+ + + \ No newline at end of file -- cgit v1.2.3

Chapter 7 (continued): Using Affixes

+ 7.7.5 Temporal Affixes

7.7.6 Quantifying Affixes

+ 7.7.7 Modulative Affixes

+ + + 7.7.8 Qualifying Affixes

7.7.9 Modifying Affixes

7.7.10 Adverbial Affixes

7.7.11 Modality Affixes

7.7.12 Agential/Participant Affixes

7.7.13 Miscellaneous Affixes

+ 7.7.14 Locational Affixes

+
+
+ 7.7.8 Qualifying Affixes